History of Australia

Archer (1861 / 1862), Peter Pan (1932 / 1934) Rain Lover (1968 / 1969), Think Big (1974 / 1975) and Makybe Diva (2003 / 2004 / 2005)

Inspired by reports from Captain Cook's journeys, and wanting to be a sea adventurer and explorer after reading "Robinson Crusoe", Flinders came to Australia initially as an 18 year old Midshipman with Captain William Bligh in the "Providence", in 1792.

Ned Kelly's hideout was in the Wombat Ranges, near Stringybark Creek.

Matthew Flinders arrived in Australia in the 1790s and commenced exploring and charting the coast of the continent. Together with George Bass, he circumnavigated Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), proving it was an island separate from the mainland. Between December 1801 and June 1803, Flinders charted the entire coastline of Australia, adding valuable information to the maps of the time. Australia was previously known as New Holland, and Flinders first proposed the name "Terra Australis", which became "Australia", the name adopted in 1824.

Martin Cash was convicted in county Cork, in 1820, for jealously firing at a suitor to his young mistress. Soon after arriving in Botany Bay in 1828, he was working as a farmhand, innocently branding cattle, when he was told that the cattle were stolen. Cash immediately left for Van Dieman's Land with his partner Bessie Clifford. Twelve months later, after two false accusations which were dismissed in court, he was convicted for beating the arresting officer and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.

After two unsuccessful attempts at escape which added years to his sentence, Cash finally escaped and formed one of the marauding gangs in Van Dieman's Land - committing 'hold-ups, shootings, robberies, fights and brawls'. Eventually, after they falsely arrested Bessie, he was lured into Hobart town where he was captured.

• Ned Kelly (and his gang, Dan Kelly, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart)
• Ben Hall
• 'Mad' Dan Morgan
• Captain Thunderbolt
• Captain Moonlight
• Captain Starlight
• John 'Black' Caesar
• Jack Donohoe
• Matthew Brady
• Frank Gardiner
• John Gilbert
• Martin Cash
• Moondyne Joe

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Victor Chang was a pioneer in cardiac surgery, helping to establish the heart transplant programme in Australia. He helped to develop Australia's National Heart Transplant Program at St Vincent's hospital. He was a gifted surgeon and a humanitarian who organised for teams from St Vincent's to travel overseas to places such as Indonesia, China and Singapore to mentor medical personnel.

Britain did not oppress Australia, and force it to remain a colony. There was not the same violence as seen in the American War of Independence, and perhaps Britain wanted to avoid replaying this event.

The fact is that Australia had enough wealth and significance on the world stage by the beginning of the 20th century to make a successful bid for self-government.

the establishment of caravan routes.

yes. every Australian does.

On the contrary: the concept of Australia Day grates on many indigenous people of Australia. 26 January 1788 marked the beginning of mass dispossession of lands and tearing apart of families suffered by the Aborigines as a result of European settlement. So, no - not every Australian agrees with Australia Day.

There are not four main colonies of Australia. Australia has six states and two mainland territories, as well as seven offshore territories.

In Australia's colonial years, the four main colonies were Sydney, Swan River (Perth), Hobart and Moreton Bay (Brisbane).

Douglas Mawson died on the 14th of October 1958

Not very much at all -- Australia ( the Commonwealth of Australia ) was still considered to have a ' Colonial status ' .

That is the six separate colonies that were in Australia prior to ' Federation ' became the ' States of ' the Commonwealth of Australia and the Commonwealth itself became ' the Colony ' .

Section 8 of the Constitution Act ( of which the Australian Constitution is Section 9 ) states that it is the Commonwealth that is to be the ' Colony ' .

The lawyers Quick and Garran who helped write the Australian Constitution described Australia's Parliament as a ' Colonial legislature '

The British Parliament could ( if it had wanted to ) pass laws that would override Australian Law . That made the British Parliament still Sovereign over Australia .

However it was the policy of the British Parliament not to do so without consulting the Australian Parliament first .

It should be noted that at Federation all people living in Australia were and remained long after - British subjects .

People pollute by driving, cars emissions from the engine have a harmful affect on the society. Also cutting down trees have a ripple affect. It takes away animals homes which could lead to extinction. There are many others as well. Mining can also affect the environment.

The largest island in South Australia is Kangaroo Island.

There are no statistics available on how many people in Australia speak Italian. While it is certain that there are some who do, the national language of Australia is English, and those who speak other languages normally speak English in addition to any other languages they may speak.

Donald George Bradman was born on 27 August 1908 in Cootamundra, New South Wales, Australia. He was, and is, one of Australia's most popular sporting heroes of all time, as he was a very skilled batsman.

Bradman grew up in the New South Wales town of Bowral, where he perfected his batting skills by practising hitting into a corrugated iron water tank on a brick stand behind the Bradman home: when hit into the curved brick stand, the ball would rebound at high speed and varying angles. Bradman's batting average of 99.94 from his 52 Tests was nearly double the average of any other player before or since.

Bradman was only 18 when he was drafted in grade cricket in Sydney. Within a year he was on the New South Wales state team, and within three he had made his Test debut. In the English summer of 1930 he scored 974 runs over the course of the five Ashes tests, the highest individual total in any test series. Even at almost forty years of age - most players today are retired by their mid-thirties - Bradman returned to play cricket after World War II. On 12 June 1948, he scored 138 in the First Test Cricket at Trent Bridge. In his farewell 1948 tour of England the team he led, dubbed "The Invincibles", went undefeated throughout the tour, a feat unmatched to date.

Bradman was awarded a knighthood in 1949 and a Companion of the Order of Australia, the country's highest civil honour, in 1979. In 1996, he was inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame as one of the ten inaugural members. After his retirement, he remained heavily involved in cricket administration, serving as a selector for the national team for nearly 30 years.

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Perth was founded in 1829, and initially it was called the Swan River settlement.

In 1829, Captain Charles Fremantle was sent to take formal possession of the remainder of New Holland which had not already been claimed for Britain under the territory of New South Wales. On 2 May 1829, Captain Fremantle raised the Union Jack on the south head of the Swan River, thereby claiming the territory for Britain. The Swan River was the logical choice because it was a good port for ships.

The first Irish people in Australia were Irish rebels who were sent to the colony as convicts. There were no Irish rebels on the First Fleet, but there were on subsequent fleets, from the 1790s.

There are many valleys in Australia. The Great Dividing Range lies along the entire eastern coast and, being a mountain range, has thousands of valleys within it.

The valleys of the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney, were so confounding to the early Australian settlers that it took them 25 years to figure out a suitable route over the mountains to the grazing land west.

Arthur Phillip was born in London on 11 October 1738. He joined the Royal Navy when he was fifteen, and alternately earned a living as a navy officer and as a farmer. He climbed his way up through the ranks in the navy, being much sought after as a calm and reasonable officer, and later captain, and he had many naval battle successes, including when he was seconded to the Portuguese navy in its war with Spain. During that period he became commander of a Portuguese colony supported by convict labour, and his patron the Duke of Norfolk was able to recommend him for command of the Botany Bay expedition as having experience in administering a military-convict colony.

In October 1786, Phillip was appointed Governor-designate of the proposed British penal colony of New South Wales. He was a practical man who suggested that convicts with experience in farming, building and crafts be included in the First Fleet, but his proposal was rejected.

The First Fleet left Portsmouth, England, on 13 May 1787,and arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788.

Phillip faced many obstacles in his attempts to establish the new colony. British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil: much of the seed had rotted or been eaten by rats on the journey over, and the implements and tools could not stand up to the tougher treatment and conditions of the Australian soil and climate. The colony faced near-starvation in its first two years, and was finally saved by the success of a barley crop.

Out of necessity, due to the growing need for more land in Sydney, Phillip undertook several expeditions of exploration in the immediate area. His explorations resulted in the first spread of settlement to the Parramatta and Rose Hill areas. He also traced the course of the Hawkesbury River as far upstream as he could, to Richmond Hill, and he then continued on to the junction with the Grose River.

Despite numerous setbacks, under Phillip's rationing and sensible direction, the colony finally succeeded in developing a solid foundation, agriculturally and economically, thanks to the perseverance of Captain Arthur Phillip. As a military man, he began to establish a legal code by publishing weekly orders for the governance of the colony. It was by his leadership alone that the colony became entirely self-sufficient. He also worked to improve understanding with the local Aborigines.

Also whilst Governor, Captain Arthur Phillip established the military colony to protect the East India Company trade as directed, and in doing so also preempted French intrusion into the area. He also established a station on Norfolk Island, under Philip Gidley King, to begin to supply masts and flax for the British fleet.

Poor health forced Phillip to return to England in 1792. He resigned his commission soon after arriving back in England, and died on 31 August 1814.