History of Australia

Arthur Phillip was born in London on 11 October 1738. He joined the Royal Navy when he was fifteen, and alternately earned a living as a navy officer and as a farmer. He climbed his way up through the ranks in the navy, being much sought after as a calm and reasonable officer, and later captain, and he had many naval battle successes, including when he was seconded to the Portuguese navy in its war with Spain. During that period he became commander of a Portuguese colony supported by convict labour, and his patron the Duke of Norfolk was able to recommend him for command of the Botany Bay expedition as having experience in administering a military-convict colony.

In October 1786, Phillip was appointed Governor-designate of the proposed British penal colony of New South Wales. He was a practical man who suggested that convicts with experience in farming, building and crafts be included in the First Fleet, but his proposal was rejected.

The First Fleet left Portsmouth, England, on 13 May 1787,and arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788.

Phillip faced many obstacles in his attempts to establish the new colony. British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil: much of the seed had rotted or been eaten by rats on the journey over, and the implements and tools could not stand up to the tougher treatment and conditions of the Australian soil and climate. The colony faced near-starvation in its first two years, and was finally saved by the success of a barley crop.

Out of necessity, due to the growing need for more land in Sydney, Phillip undertook several expeditions of exploration in the immediate area. His explorations resulted in the first spread of settlement to the Parramatta and Rose Hill areas. He also traced the course of the Hawkesbury River as far upstream as he could, to Richmond Hill, and he then continued on to the junction with the Grose River.

Despite numerous setbacks, under Phillip's rationing and sensible direction, the colony finally succeeded in developing a solid foundation, agriculturally and economically, thanks to the perseverance of Captain Arthur Phillip. As a military man, he began to establish a legal code by publishing weekly orders for the governance of the colony. It was by his leadership alone that the colony became entirely self-sufficient. He also worked to improve understanding with the local Aborigines.

Also whilst Governor, Captain Arthur Phillip established the military colony to protect the East India Company trade as directed, and in doing so also preempted French intrusion into the area. He also established a station on Norfolk Island, under Philip Gidley King, to begin to supply masts and flax for the British fleet.

Poor health forced Phillip to return to England in 1792. He resigned his commission soon after arriving back in England, and died on 31 August 1814.

The first explorers to reach the Western Australian coastline were the Dutch. They had more important consideration, such as trade with Asia, and there was very little in Australia's landscape to appeal to them. The land was flat, dry and barren in appearance. The first English explorer to reach Australia was William Dampier. Landing in Australia's northwest, he was completely unimpressed by the land, and his negative reports influenced England against Australia, until Captain Cook sailed up the fertile eastern coast in 1770, and returned a highly favourable report on the country.

Governor Arthur Phillip was appointed Governor-designate of the proposed British penal colony of New South Wales in October 1786, so it can be said that his role was to establish the first colonial settlement. It was his job to make decisions for the good of the colony and its inhabitants.

Phillip commanded the First Fleet from the time it left Portsmouth, England, on 13 May 1787, until its arrival in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788.

Phillip faced many obstacles in his attempts to establish the new colony. British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil: much of the seed had rotted or been eaten by rats on the journey over, and the implements and tools could not stand up to the tougher treatment and conditions of the Australian soil and climate. The colony faced near-starvation in its first two years, and was finally saved by the success of a barley crop.

Out of necessity, due to the growing need for more land in Sydney, Phillip undertook several expeditions of exploration in the immediate area. His explorations resulted in the first spread of settlement to the Parramatta and Rose Hill areas. He also traced the course of the Hawkesbury River as far upstream as he could, to Richmond Hill, and he then continued on to the junction with the Grose River.

Despite numerous setbacks, under Phillip's rationing and sensible direction, the colony finally succeeded in developing a solid foundation, agriculturally and economically, thanks to the perseverance of Captain Arthur Phillip. As a military man, he began to establish a legal code by publishing weekly orders for the governance of the colony. It was by his leadership alone that the colony became entirely self-sufficient. He also worked to improve understanding with the local Aborigines.

Also whilst Governor, Captain Arthur Phillip established the military colony to protect the East India Company trade as directed, and in doing so also preempted French intrusion into the area. He also established a station on Norfolk Island, under Philip Gidley King, to begin to supply masts and flax for the British fleet

Answer:

Major cities along the east coast of Australia include Sydney, Wollongong, Newcastle, Brisbane, Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, Townsville and Cairns. there are many other smaller cities also along the east coast, including Port Macquarie, Coffs Harbour, Mackay and Bundaberg.

Other major towns include Gympie, Innisfail, Ingham, Bowen, bateman's bay! Kiama, Gosford, Ballina, Nambucca Heads, Tweed Heads and Byron Bay.

Yes, but they never got the chance because of the US Navy.

Australia Day is celebrated on the 26 January ever year.

Australia Day marks the arrival of the First Fleet and the beginning of European settlement in Australia. In particular, it marks the raising of the British flag on Australian soil for the first time.

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Unlike most of Ausalia's other states, it was not gold that attracted immigrants to South Australians in their thousands. It was copper. Copper mining was a most lucrative prospect in the nineteenth century.

Indonesia is the closest country that located to the west of Australia. Timor Leste is also an island that is located directly to the west.

The settlement of Moreton Bay was separated from New South Wales and established as a new Colony named Queensland (for Queen Victoria) in 1859. On 10 September 1825, the settlement was given the name of Brisbane, and no longer called the Moreton Bay colony, but it was still part of the New South Wales territory.

This act was done in opposition to the wishes of the New South Wales Governor, but the British government decided in favour of a petition from the people of Brisbane and that it would be better done now, than later. In 1859, Queen Victoria signed Letters Patent, which declared that Queensland was now a separate colony from New South Wales. On 6 June 1859, the former Moreton Bay District was granted separation from New South Wales, and given the name of Queensland, with Brisbane as its capital city. The first Governor was Sir George Ferguson Bowen.

Many sources state that a referendum to change the Australian Constitution in 1967 gave indigenous people the vote, and even many Aborigines themselves are of this belief. This referendum actually removed a provision from the constitution that excluded Aboriginal people from census figures which in turn were used to calculate the distribution and boundaries of electorates. This constitutional revision was required to correct the anomaly that while Aboriginal people already had the vote they were not included in the calculations used to make for electorates with approximately equal numbers of voters.

Australian Aboriginals' right to vote varied from territory to territory with some (including women) having the right to vote (though rarely exercised) from the 19th century. Federal legislation in 1949 and 1962 formalized voting qualifications for Aboriginal people and with the State of Queensland introducing legislation in 1965, all Australians of Aboriginal descent then had full voting rights in all parts of the country and were able to vote in the referendum that supposedly 'gave them the vote'.

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The Sydney Harbour Bridge carries eight lanes of vehicular traffic. There are also two train lines, a pedestrian footpath and a cycleway. The width of the bridge is almost 49 metres.

Although life was hard in Sydney in 1790, it was usually better than the conditions which caused convicts to be transported in the first place.

By 1790, the convicts had huts, a step up from the lean-to arrangements, or tents, which they had in the early months. Food was a constant problem until 1791, whencrops finally started to grow properly. Unable to obtain sufficient rations from other countries, and also unable to hunt the strange Australian animals, many people simply starved. Australia was a long way from advanced medical help as well. There was no sanitation, of course, so creeks were quite polluted as they were where people washed their clothes, themselves and anything else.

In the early years, convicts were put to work immediately on building projects, particularly roads, and farming. New buildings needed to be constructed as the first shelters were just tents and lean-tos. The first jobs involved clearing the land. The convicts had to chop down trees, then cut the wood up for practical uses such as building. They needed to clear the shrubs and low bushes as well, and prepare the ground for tilling and planting. This was hard work as most of the English tools were unable to stand up to the demands of Australia's harsher, rocky soil. The convicts also had to quarry rock and haul it. This was used for building, and in the construction of roads and bridges.

Some of the convicts were assigned as servants to the free settlers or the officers. As the colony developed, the convicts worked in more skilled areas such as smithing, building tools, and even more intellectual pursuits where they showed aptitude. One of Australia's most famous architects, Francis Greenway, was a convict. Another convict with a background in printing was given permission to establish the colony's first newspaper. gradually, so many of see early convicts developed their own trades, businesses or farms, and found themselves with far greater opportunities than they would have had back in England.

It is only influenced ethnic Malays, to a certain extent. Because ethnic Malays, are highly devout Muslims. Even Malay celebrities like Yunalis Zarai and Siti Nurhaliza wear the hijabs when they're doing their music performances and such. As Malays, do not like sexual exposure like the stuff Lady Gaga and Katy Perry does. I remember, reading an article where Malaysian people weren't happy with Mariah Carey's live performance because she was showing to much sexual influence. If Lady Gaga and Katy Perry tried to do a live performance in Malaysia, Indonesia or even Brunei (if the sultan even allowss it); they wouldn't be able to do much but sing. Nothing more.

As for food, western influence is not really found in Malay cuisine. Chinese, Indian and Arab influences are found bulging high in Malay cuisine. But not really pizza, burgers and stuff. They do exist in Malaysia, but not as popular with ethnic Malays. The fast food restaurants in Malaysia have halal certifications and requirements. Meaning by Malaysian law, these fast food restaurants are required to follow Islamic rituals. Such as shutting down during the day on the holy month of Ramadan and such. The Chinese restaurants a lot of times exempt themselves from this rule. Ethnic Malays, are not a very high Asian population in the United States either. Maybe there's some Malaysians in the United States, but chances are they are Malaysian-Indians or Malaysian-Chinese; not ethnic Malays. Malaysia, is a good enough country with a good economy and living conditions. There's really no need for Malaysian-Malays to immigrate to America. Not as high as Chinese, Indians or Filipinos.

English, is influencing just about every other language. The French, are monitering the French language like dead strict, because English words are creeping slowly in the French. The Filipino language, is becoming more like Filienglish now. The Malay language, is just like French. It is not becoming influenced by English. Malay speakers won't allow English to influence Malay. Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Brunei and Bahasa Indonesia are rather strictly monitered languages. Unlike Filipino. So no, there's not much western influence on ethnic Malays except for being advanced on technology and all. Malays are not big fans of western influence. Filipinos are no longer considered ethnic Malays anymore, since Filipinos get too much westernized and sexual. Filipinos were once, called ethnic Malays. But no longer, because Filipinos don't speak Malay and are too westernized.

Abel Tasman discovered and named Van Diemen's land (now Tasmania) in 1642.

Worimi People

Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have been living in the Australian continent for thousands of years. In the 1500s, Europeans knew of the existence of New Guinea and the island of Timor, but the first believed to have found the Australian continent was Portuguese explorer Christovao de Mendonca. Mendonca never returned to portugal, but wreckage believed to have been from his ships was found along the Australian coastline. Other sources suggest the first to sight Australia was actually Gomes de Sequeira, also of Portugal, in 1525. His descriptions of the islands he noted when he was blown off course are believed to be islands off the Northern Territory. There is, however, no real proof of this. Several more Portuguese explorers followed, including Louis de Torres, after whom Torres strait is named. The first to chart any part of the Australian continent was explorer Willem Jansz, in 1616. Willem Jansz/Janszoon was a Dutchman who was seeking new trade routes and trade associates. He became the first recorded European to step foot on Australia's shores on the western shore of Cape York Peninsula, on 26 February 1606. However, he believed the Cape to be part of New Guinea, from whence he crossed the Arafura Sea.

The largest hospital in Australia is currently the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, located in Herston, Brisbane. The original hospital was built in 1867, and the Women's Hospital was built at the same site in 1938. The two hospitals merged to become one in 2003.

to escape traffic, overcrowding, and enviromental problems in northern cities

The convicts of the First Fleet had to contend with all the problems of establishing a settlement in a foreign and hostile land.

British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil, so farms were very slow to be established. Much of the seed had rotted or been eaten by rats on the journey over, or the seeds were just unsuitable for the tough Australian soil. The implements and tools could not stand up to the tougher treatment and conditions of the Australian soil and climate. The colony faced near-starvation in its first two years, and was finally saved by the success of a barley crop. lems for the british gaols.

There was also a great deal of miscommunication with the local indigenous people. Aborigines had no concept of "ownership" as they were a generous people who were willing to share, so they saw nothing wrong with killing the settlement's livestock to use for their own food. The Europeans retaliated, often carrying out revenge killings. This only increased the hostility between the races.

Bushman are the indigenous people of S. Africa -- they are hunter-gatherers. In Botswana, they are officially called "Basarwa". It is said that they represent a unique isolated genetic group and many people believe that their ancestors predate genetic changes of the rest of humanity -- kinda referring to them as "genetic Adam" -- as in biblical Adam. Some people believe all humans can trace their genetic heritage back to this group. Whether its true or not, well, I don't know. But that's how I understand what the "bushman" are.