History of Australia

Australia's first residents were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

The Federatin star, situated below the Union Jack, is also known as the Commonwealth star. It has seven points, with six of the points representing the unity of the six states of Australia, and the seventh representing Australia's two mainland territories as well as its numerous external (offshore) territories.

This depends on the country. Re-ask your question or see related questions.

Canada: Pierre Trudeau was the Prime Minister of Canada in 1973.

UK: Edward Heath was the Prime Minister of the UK in 1973

The house of lords are not elected while the house of commons are elected.

The States turned over control of immigration to the Federal Government. While the new immigration station was under construction.

John Hudson Died of old age

Arguably the most significant event that happened in Australia on 17 August was the disappearance in 1980 of baby Azaria Chamberlain at Ayers Rock. Michael and Lindy Chamberlain and their three children had arrived at Ayers Rock just the day before. When baby Azaria disappeared, Lindy claimed that a dingo had stolen her baby. No trace of the child was ever found, although her bloodstained clothes were found a week later by another tourist. Controversy dogged the case for years. At the first inquest into her death, commencing in February 1981, it was found that the likely cause of Azaria's disappearance was a dingo attack.

Police and prosecutors moved for a second inquest which was held in September 1981. This time, the new finding was made that Azaria had been killed with a pair of scissors and held by a small adult hand until she stopped bleeding. Lindy Chamberlain was convicted of murder on 29 October 1982. Her acquittal came several years later when a British tourist fell to his death from the Rock. When his body was finally located 8 days later amid an area full of dingo lairs, Azaria Chamberlain's missing jacket was also found. New evidence was presented showing that the methods of testing previous evidence had been unreliable, and no conviction could be made on those grounds. Lindy was released, and eventually awarded AU$1.3 million in compensation for wrongful imprisonment.

Joseph Aloysius Lyons died from a sudden heart attack in 07 April 1939.

Aboriginals lived a very healthy lifestyle before the Eurpoeans arrived in Australia. It's often been said that the settlers wouldn't have starved so often if only they'd paid more attention to how the natives lived.

They had high levels of exercise due to their lifestyle - hunting and gathering, seasonal nomadic movements, etc. The Aboriginals had a diet that was very nutritous, including native vegetables, fruits, berries, grubs, roots, flowers, etc. and of course fresh meat from hunting, including fish, kangaroo, birds, wallabies, etc.

While each tribe was in a different area, each had very high levels of knowledge as to the local plants, animals, landscape and weather.

New South Wales was once a British penal colony, as was Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).

Australia itself has its own unique culture. However, within Australia there are a multitude of different cultures, from various European cultures to Asian, to Middle Eastern and so on. Australia is very multi-cultural, and there are some fears that the unique Australian identity is disappearing into the mist of all these other cultures.

Length of arch span 503 metres

Height of top of arch 134 metres above mean sea level

Height to top of aircraft beacon 141 metres above mean sea level

Width of deck 49 metres

Clearance for shipping 49 metres

Height of pylons 89 metres above mean sea level

Base of each abutment tower 68 metres across and 48 metres long

(two pylons rest on each abutment tower)

Total length of bridge 1149 metres including approach spans

Bearing pins Each of the four pins measures 4.2 metres long

and 368 millimetres in diameter

Thrust on bearings Under maximum load approximately 20,000 tonnes

on each bearing

Number of rivets Approximately 6,000,000

Largest rivet Weighed 3.5 kilograms and was 395 millimetres long

Longest hanger 58.8 metres

Shortest hanger 7.3 metres

Total weight of steelwork 52,800 tonnes including arch and mild steel approach spans

Weight of arch 39,000 tonnes

Rock excavated for foundations 122,000 cubic metres

Concrete used for bridge 95,000 cubic metres

Granite facing used on pylons and piers 17,000 cubic metres

Allowance for deck expansion 420 millimetres

Allowance for arch expansion The arch may rise or fall 18 centimetres due to heating or cooling

Number of panels in arch 28, each 18.28 metres wide

Record tonnage erected 589 tonnes of steelwork was erected on the arch in one day on 26 November 1929

Paint required 272,000 litres of paint were required to give the Bridge its initial three coats

The convicts of the First Fleet were very quickly set to work clearing trees, tilling the soil and getting the first crops started. The convicts were very hard to motivate, being reluctant to work in the Australian heat and humidity, and with tools that constantly broke, but they were expected to work hard.

They were also set construction projects, as there were no roads, bridges or buildings. Some convicts were assigned as servants or tradespeople to the free settlers who also came.

they arrived by traveling from Africa Jamaica and other country to Australia

The term for a MP is no longer than 3 years and a Senator is 6 years.

The first British colony in Australia was established at Port Jackson, not Botany Bay, despite the latter being the recommended site. Port Jackson, which is where the city of Sydney was built, was Governor Arthur Phillips's preferred site.

The Australian Labor Party was formed largely in response to the conditions highlighted by the Great Shearers' Strike of 1891. Shearers in Australia endured meagre wages and poor working conditions. This led to the formation of the Australian Shearers' Union which, by 1890, had tens of thousands of members. Early in 1891, Manager Charles Fairbain of Logan Downs Station near Clermont, Queensland, required that shearers sign the Pastoralists Association contract of free labour before commencing work. This was an attempt to reduce union influence.

On 5 January 1891 the shearers refused to work unless the station agreed to their union's terms. This marked the beginning of many months of union shearers around Australia downing their tools and going on strike. Tensions escalated as striking shearers formed armed camps outside of towns, and mounted troopers protected non-union labour and arrested strike leaders. Shearers retaliated by burning woolsheds and crops, and committing other acts of sabotage and harassment. By May of 1891, the violent suppression of the strike action forced shearers to give in. The strike, however, highlighted the need for a political party to represent the rights of the union workers; thus was ultimately born the Australian Labor Party. (source: today.wmit.net - May 1)

* Beef * Meat * Peas

John "Black" Caesar was an Australian who was known as a "bushranger." He stole animals and food, along with other burglaries.

A copper for boiling clothes to clean them. An ice box, an insulated cabinet that held big blocks of ice and kept things cool. The scrubing board for cleaning clothes. there were not many aplyances as we understand them today. most things that were done were done by hand.