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Do you have a question about how to do something? Looking for a handy guide? This Topic is for people to find "How To" guides to solve their problems, and for people who like to write guides and help others solve their more complex problems.

25,034 Questions

How to sterilize bathrooms with ozone?

Methods of using ozone have been developed which sterilize instruments and medical wastes, oxidize, organics found in wastewater, clean laundry, break down contaminants in soil into a form more readily digested by microbes, kill microorganisms present in food products, and destroy toxins present in food products. The preferred methods for killing microorganism and destroying toxins use pressurized, humidified, and concentrated ozone produced by an electrochemical cell.

How to get 1979 gm vapor cannister vacuum diagrahm?

You can usually find vacuum diagrams for specific vehicles in the vehicle's service manual. Alternatively, you can search online for a diagram specific to the 1979 GM vapor canister vacuum system. Websites like autozone.com or manualslib.com may have the information you need.

How to Remove a mass in groin area?

It is important to consult a medical professional for the proper diagnosis and treatment of a mass in the groin area. The treatment options will depend on the underlying cause of the mass, which can range from benign conditions like hernias or swollen lymph nodes to more serious conditions like tumors. Surgical removal may be necessary in some cases.

How to do a chemical test to distinguish between zinc powder and lead carbonate?

One method would be to add an acid such as HCl to each sample, and collect the gas produced. The zinc will produce hydrogen gas, which is flammable, while the lead carbonate will produce carbon dioxide, which is not flammable. Thus, one can distinguish between the compounds depending on whether or not the gas evolved in the reaction ignites.

How To Understand The Relationship Between Bond Yields And Bond Prices?

If you’re someone who doesn’t own a college degree in finance and investment,

understanding how and why the markets move in the ways they do can be quite

confusing. Even if you do have some experience, you may understand how security

prices move but may still have some questions as to why they move that way.

Bond prices can be one of those confusing securities. Whereas most securities like stocks

just quote a price, bonds have a price as well as a yield and those two figures move in

opposite directions. How exactly does that work? Time for Bond Prices 101.

The bond prices and yields that you see quoted on TV are the current market values if

you were to buy a bond at that specific moment. Let’s say, for example, that you were

to buy a government bond at par value (par value is often quoted with a price of 100 and

means that the bond’s cost to you does not carry a discount or a premium) with a yield of

5%.

If bond yields were to rise to 5.25%, the value of your bond would go down. Why? It’s

because someone would be less interested in buying your 5% bond when they can get

a bond at 5.25% in the open market. You would need to sell your bond at a discount to

make up for the difference in yields.

The same is true going the other way. If yields drop to 4.75%, your bond becomes more

valuable because it carries a higher yield than what’s available in the market.

It’s probably important to note that the yield on a bond that you purchase doesn’t change.

It just constantly gets compared to current market rates which do change. If you purchase

that par value bond at 5% and hold it until it matures, you’ll earn 5% annually guaranteed

(assuming the bond doesn’t default, of course). It’s when you decide to sell it before

maturity that the sale value can go up or down.

Not so confusing once it’s explained, right?

If you’re someone who doesn’t own a college degree in finance and investment, understanding how and why the markets move in the ways they do can be quite confusing. Even if you do have some experience, you may understand how security prices move but may still have some questions as to why they move that way.

Bond prices can be one of those confusing securities. Whereas most securities like stocks just quote a price, bonds have a price as well as a yield and those two figures move in opposite directions. How exactly does that work? Time for Bond Prices 101.

The bond prices and yields that you see quoted on TV are the current market values if you were to buy a bond at that specific moment. Let’s say, for example, that you were to buy a government bond at par value (par value is often quoted with a price of 100 and means that the bond’s cost to you does not carry a discount or a premium) with a yield of 5%.

If bond yields were to rise to 5.25%, the value of your bond would go down. Why? It’s because someone would be less interested in buying your 5% bond when they can get a bond at 5.25% in the open market. You would need to sell your bond at a discount to make up for the difference in yields.

The same is true going the other way. If yields drop to 4.75%, your bond becomes more valuable because it carries a higher yield than what’s available in the market.

It’s probably important to note that the yield on a bond that you purchase doesn’t change. It just constantly gets compared to current market rates which do change. If you purchase that par value bond at 5% and hold it until it matures, you’ll earn 5% annually guaranteed (assuming the bond doesn’t default, of course). It’s when you decide to sell it before maturity that the sale value can go up or down.

Not so confusing once it’s explained, right?

How to Clean Silver Jewelry?

How to Clean Silver Jewelry

When you own sterling silver jewelry, you have to be very careful with cleaning. Though it is easy to clean with the right process, sterling silver can be ruined if you don't do it the right way. Many people have found this out the hard way, either ruining the color of their silver or ruining the surface of the item. So how does one clean silver jewelry without incurring any damage?

Using a proper polishing rag

One of the easiest ways to clean silver jewelry is with a good polishing rag. These can be purchased at a wide range of different stores. Lots of jewelry stores have them, but you can also pick them up at places like Wal-Mart. These are rags with specifically designed surfaces. They won't ruin your jewelry and they will make your silver look very good. This is a nice way to quick clean when you don't have the time to do a real clean.

Using a cleaning solution

Some people like to make their own cleaning solution. This would be a proper combination of aluminum, baking soda, and hot water. The problem is getting the solution right and there is some disagreement on the quantities of each item. The better move might be purchasing a cleaning solution rather than making your own. There are some good brands out there that can clean your jewelry in a few minutes. This takes away all of the risk associated with working with dangerous chemicals in your home.

How to Remove Old Lacquer from Brass?

De-Lacquering Brass

Brass is a lovely metal alloy from which artisans create beautiful objects for display in the home, or even jewelry. Good brass has a soft glow and complements any decor. However, it may become tarnished. If badly tarnished, the metal will have a black hue and needs thorough cleaning and renovation.

Brass that has become tarnished will need polishing, but first, the old lacquer must be removed. Brass usually is made from 67 percent copper and 33 percent zinc. The proportions may vary. The copper in the alloy will tarnish if exposed to air, so brass is usually covered with lacquer to prevent oxidation.

The first step in cleaning brass is to wash the object in warm, soapy water. Use a soft brush to clean any ornamentation. It is possible that the object is not really tarnished but has simply become heavily soiled over time, and it will be returned to the original elegant appearance with a quick wash. If so, just dry with a soft, lint-free cloth.

To begin removing old lacquer, pour boiling water over the piece. This may be sufficient to soften the lacquer so it can be peeled away. If some old lacquer remains, use acetone, or nail polish remover, applied with a cotton ball to remove it.

For sensitive individuals, an alternative is to use vinegar as a solvent, but this takes longer and requires more effort. Small objects can be treated by brushing on acetone with an old toothbrush and then boiling the piece in water. Discard the toothbrush or keep it in cleaning supplies afterward.

After using acetone on a larger piece, again pour hot water over it to rinse completely. Dry the piece with a soft, lint-free cloth.

Brass can be left without lacquer to develop a patina, and then re-lacquered to stop the oxidation process. Or cover with new lacquer immediately. Work in a well-ventilated area.

How to Use Lawn Fertilizer Responsibly?

Although applying the right lawn fertilizer is an easy way to keep your lawn looking fresh and green throughout the growing season, it is important to understand that the chemical runoff from an improperly fertilized lawn can have a very negative impact upon the local environment. Thankfully, it is not necessary to go completely organic in order to enjoy a nice green lawn. Instead, simply using a reasonable amount of lawn fertilizer in a responsible manner will provide your grass with all of the extra nutrients that it needs while minimizing the amount of excess fertilizer that makes it into the local waterways. Here is what you need to know in order to use lawn fertilizer responsibly.

The first thing to understand about using lawn fertilizer responsibly is that grass has evolved to take a considerable amount of its nutrients from natural resources. There are three main nutrients that are included in lawn fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Phosphorous and potassium help ensure that the grass in your lawn has healthy roots so that it can get what it needs from natural sources throughout the year. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient to most home owners due to the fact that nitrogen is responsible for the development of chlorophyll in the grass, which gives a lawn the healthy green color that so many people enjoy.

The problem that many people encounter when they are applying nitrogen to their grass is that they make the mistake of applying too much fertilizer that is high in nitrogen in the effort to get their lawn green as quickly as possible. While a heavy dose of nitrogen will make a lawn turn bright green for a few days, this overdose of nitrogen will soon burn the roots of the grass, causing the lawn to develop unsightly patches of brown. People then make the mistake of simply adding more fertilizer to their property, nearly all of which runs off and contaminates the water that local flora and fauna need in order to survive.

Instead of becoming hooked on an endless cycle of lawn fertilizer, simply leave you grass clippings in the lawn every time that you mow your yard. These clippings are high in natural, organic nitrogen that will not run off from your property and will promote healthy green grass. Under ideal conditions, synthetic lawn fertilizer should only be used once in the fall and once in the very early spring.

How to Calibrate and Use a pH Meter?

A pH meter is normally something that an environmentalist or chemist would use, but some gardeners also make use of it. This meter is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of a specific liquid. pH is the measure of how many hydrogen ions are present in a solution. Although the meter is very easy to use, it must be cleaned after each time it is used to get a clear reading.

Before you can begin to calibrate your pH meter, you must make sure that the probe you use was kept in a storage solution or a solution with pH 4. If you do not do this, you need to let the probe sit for at least twenty four hours in distilled water. The meter must also be set on pH mode or this will be pointless. When it is set, you should rinse it off with distilled water. To help calibrate it, it will be placed into a solution of pH 7. But before you put it in, make sure that you shake off any distilled water or solution that was left on it.

The probe should be left in the pH 7 solution for at least thirty seconds. This will let the meter stabilize completely so you can change the meter. You should now have the meter at a reading of pH 7. Now, you should take the probe out and rinse it off again. Then, put it into a solution of pH 4. Again, the meter will need a minute to stabilize. Then, you can change the meter to a pH 4 reading. At this point, the meter should be fully calibrated.

You must rinse off the probe again with distilled water and shake off any remaining liquid to get the correct reading. Now, you can put the probe into your liquid sample for a clear reading. You need to let the pH reading settle for about a minute to be more precise. You can now get the pH reading from your sample. When you are completely finished using your probe, you should keep it in a storage solution or a solution of pH 4.

How To Make Your Very Own Hydrogen Kits?

Plenty of cars are going green today, with very good reasons too. If you want to join the movement as well, you will be happy to know that you do not necessarily have to cough up an outrageous amount of money. Below are five steps that are going to help you build a hydrogen kit for your car.

1. Get a clean 1 liter jar and glue 2 plates to a pre-drilled lid. These are soon going to be the negative and the positive poles of your hydrogen kits. You will then need to run a silicon hose from the lid down to the plates. Make sure that you tape these down firmly in place.

2. You will then need to pour 5ml of baking soda into a jar. Pour water into this jar, but make sure not to fill it up to the top. Put the lid back on, making sure that the two plates are completely covered. You now have yourself an electrolyzer.

3. Step three is installing the electrolyzer in the engine bay. You will have to make this vertical to avoid spillage. You should use “u” brackets with the full rubber spacers which will hold it firmly in place. If your engine is not more than 1000cc, you can use a single electrolyzer for your car. If the engine is more than 1,000cc however, you will need an extra unit for each and every 1,000cc extra.

4. Your unit is then going to need some ventilation. Look for the engine’s vacuum hose and drill a hole into it. Make sure that the hole is big enough to push the hose from the electrolyzer into it and do just that.

5. Step five is the time to hook up the electrolyzer to the battery. You will need three lengths of electrical wire the first piece of electrical wire should run from one pole at the top of the electrolyzer to the negative pole of the battery. The second wire should run from the other pole to the positive pole on the ignition. The third wire should run from the ignitions positive pole to the batteries positive to complete the circuit. You are ready to start your car.

How To Decipher The Numbers On A Bag Of Lawn Fertilizer?

Deciphering the numbers on a bag of lawn fertilizer often may seem to be a daunting task. As you walk down the lawn care aisle of your local home improvement store, you’ll notice that each type of fertilizer is labeled with a unique 3 number code. Examples of labels that you will find on bags of lawn fertilizer include 18-6-12, 10-10-10 and 18-46-40. By law, these 3 numbers are required to be posted on every bag of fertilizer sold in the United States. With so many options on the market you may feel like you need a degree in botany to determine which fertilizer is right for your lawn, but it’s actually pretty simple once you know what these three numbers mean.

1. Know What Each Number Represents. The first number always represents nitrogen (N). The second number always represents phosphorus (P). The third number always represents potash (K).

2. Understand The Value Of Each Number. The value of each of the three numbers indicates the potency of these elements within that bag of fertilizer. These numbers will always represent the elements existence within the bag as a pecentage according to weight. For example: A 20 lb. bag of lawn fertilizer labeled 10-10-10 would indicate that the bag contains 10% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus and 10% potash (or 2 lbs. of each element).

3. Understand The Importance Of filler Ingredients. In the above example, you may have noticed that the three main nutrients in the 20 lb. bag of fertilizer only add up to 6 lbs. Every bag of fertilizer has a percentage of filler ingredients, which are more properly referred to as micro-nutrients. These micro-nutrients include sulfur, iron, manganese and zinc. Most micro nutrients exist even in lawns that have been long neglected of proper fertilization, but adding more can only help. These fillers are also necessary to ensure proper distribution of the product throughout your lawn.

Armed with the knowledge of what the numbers on the bag represent, you are now ready to determine which fertilizer is right for your lawn. Be sure to follow the manufacturers instructions, and avoid over-fertilization, which can actually be harmful to your lawn.

How to Remove Mattress Stains?

It is almost inevitable that a person will stain their mattress in some way. As a general rule of thumb, the fresher that a stain is, the less difficult it will be in order to clean it out. Keeping this in mind, it is important to not delay when you accidentally stain the mattress. Act quickly and take all of these methods into account if you want to really bust the stains out of your mattress and to show them who is boss in this house.

  1. The mildest solution is probably the best one with which to begin. Take a quart cup of a mild powdered detergent and mix it up with a cup of warm water. Doing this will give you a cup of dry suds. To mix them, get a whisk or an egg beater and beat them until you see suds appear, and they will probably look very similar to whipped cream. Use a sponge to apply the suds to the stain on the mattress. After you have done this, dip the sponge into some warm water and wring it out, so that you can use it to wipe away the suds and wash it out.
  2. If you have a tougher stain lingering on the mattress, use an upholstery shampoo, following the instructions as stated on the shampoo.
  3. If you have blood stains on the mattress, you should use hydrogen peroxide to wash them out. Put some hydrogen peroxide on a white towel and blot the blood stain from the outside in while it starts to bubble. Keep at it until you no longer see blood seeping into the towel. Keep in mind that there may be some blood stains that are impossible to completely remove.
  4. If there are urine stains on the mattress, remove them in the same way that blood stains would be removed, or use white vinegar for blotting instead of hydrogen peroxide.
  5. If you have an especially tough mattress stain, you should invest in an enzyme clear, which is biologically based and intends to break down odors and stains. Alternatively, you could consider heading through the “Mattress” section of the Yellow Pages to find a professional mattress cleaning company.

How to Do Your Own Dry Cleaning?

Taking clothes to a drycleaner can be both expensive and time consuming. You have to pay both for your clothes to be dry-cleaned and also for the gas used to drive to drop off and pick up your clothes. Fortunately, there is a solution to wasting time and money like this, and it’s to use home dry-cleaning kits.

The first step to doing your own dry-cleaning is to pre-treat the clothes. First, you need to inspect your dry-clean only clothes for any spots or stains. If you find any, you need to have a cleaning solvent on hand. Thankfully, a cleaning solvent is generally included with most home dry-cleaning kits. Place an absorbent pad, which may also be provided, on the other side of the fabric where the spot is and then slowly apply the solvent. Gently rub in the solvent until the stain disappears.

The next step is to do the actual dry-cleaning. For this you need a special dry-cleaning bag and a dryer-activated cloth. Both should have come with the kit. Usually, the bag will fit one to three articles of dry-clean only clothing. You should place the clothes inside the bag with the dryer-activated cloth.

Once the bag is sealed, place it inside your dryer. You should then run the dryer for fifteen to thirty minutes, depending on what the instructions say in your dry-cleaning kit. While your clothes are in the dryer, the dryer-activated cloth will release a small amount of water, some perfume, and an emulsifying agent to clean your clothes.

After the cycle you set for your dryer finishes, remove the clothes from the bag and put them on hangers. This will help remove any wrinkles while the clothes are still warm. If the wrinkles do not disappear after you let the clothes hang for a good while, the last step is to iron out the wrinkles yourself.

Using a home dry-cleaning kit and following these easy to remember instructions, you’ll find there’s no reason to bother with hauling your clothes back and forth from a drycleaner when you can do all the work a drycleaner does from the comfort of your own home.

How to calibrate us balance us-tt1000?

To calibrate a US Balance US-TT1000, first make sure it is on a stable surface free from vibrations. Turn on the balance and let it warm up for about 30 minutes. Once the balance is stable, use the calibration weights that come with the balance to perform the calibration as per the manufacturer's instructions in the user manual.

How to get rid of a green pool we went to a specialist and did exactly what he told us to do twice. nothing happened?

shock it, usually the chlorine in low after lots of swimmers or a big rain, it either is low in ph or chlorine. Either way shock it helps.

Go to your pool supply store and get an algecide that contains about 20% copper solution and 80% algecide. Add the required amount and chlorine shock the pool. It may take a day or two but it works for me every time. Ernie

This usually involves checking the Ph levels or more likely algae. Chlorine levels may help but check with a pool cleaning company. Maybe muriatic acid would help, but it usually has to do with algae and proper flow and filtering.

How to Convert 5.5mm to inches?

-- take the number of mm

-- divide by 25.4

-- the result is the number of inches (rounded)

5.5 mm = (5.5 / 25.4) = 0.217 inches (rounded)

Algebraic Steps / Dimensional Analysis Formula 5.5 mm*

1 cm

10 mm

*

1 in

2.54 cm

=

0.2165354331 in

Direct Conversion Formula 5.5 mm*

1 in

25.4 mm

=

0.2165354331 in

How to calculate fuel efficiency from co2 emission?

To calculate fuel efficiency from CO2 emissions, you need to know the amount of CO2 emitted per unit of fuel burned. This information can be found in emissions data provided by regulatory agencies or fuel suppliers. Once you have this data, you can calculate fuel efficiency by dividing the amount of CO2 emitted by the fuel by the distance traveled or work done. Keep in mind that this calculation provides an indirect measure of fuel efficiency and assumes that the fuel burned was solely responsible for the CO2 emissions.

How to solve for ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds occur when one atom transfers electrons to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration, forming a molecule. To determine the type of bond in a compound, consider the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved: large differences typically indicate ionic bonds, while small differences indicate covalent bonds.

How too check purity of meth?

The purity of meth can be checked using chemical testing kits or by sending a sample to a laboratory for analysis. However, it is not recommended to handle or test unknown substances, especially illegal drugs, as they can be dangerous and illegal to possess. It is best to seek guidance from a professional if you are concerned about the purity of a substance.

How To produce or make electricity is to?

Electricity can be produced by various methods such as burning fossil fuels to run steam turbines, harnessing the power of flowing water in hydroelectric plants, capturing the energy of the wind in wind turbines, and converting sunlight into electricity using solar panels. Each method has its own advantages and environmental impacts.

How to Put these photons in order of increasing energy?

To arrange photons in order of increasing energy, you can use the equation E = hf, where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency of the photon. Photons with higher frequency will have higher energy. So, simply compare the frequencies of the photons to determine their energy order.

How tochange light purple to blue?

You can change light purple to blue by adding more blue pigment or dye to the mixture until you achieve the desired hue. Gradually mix in the blue color until you reach the shade of blue you want. Keep in mind that you may need to experiment with different ratios to find the perfect color balance.

How toPreperation and standardisation of 0.1n oxalic acid?

To prepare 0.1N oxalic acid solution, dissolve 6.3g of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O) in 1 liter of distilled water. To standardize the solution, titrate it against a standardized solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using phenolphthalein as an indicator until a faint pink color persists for at least 30 seconds. Calculate the concentration of the oxalic acid solution using the equation: (N1)(V1) = (N2)(V2), where N is the normality and V is the volume. Adjust the concentration accordingly for accuracy.

How to convert cubic meters to cubic centimeters?

1 meter = 1,000 millimeters

1 cubic meter = (1m x 1m x 1m) = (1,000mm x 1,000mm x 1,000mm) = 109 mm3 = 1 billion cubic millimeters.

How to draw a Punnett square to represent this situation A male who is homozygous for the dominant Huntington allele HH and a female who is heterozygous for the Huntington allele Hh have a child?

H H

H HH HH

h Hh Hh

This representation has the male across the top of the Punnett square and the female along the vertical axis.

The formatting is almost certainly going to be messed up once I post this, for which I apologize.