Are members of the poor working class proletariat?
Yes, members of the poor working class are typically considered part of the proletariat. The term "proletariat" refers to the working-class people who do not own the means of production and rely on selling their labor for income.
What have you learned from communism of Karl Marx?
From Karl Marx's communism, I have learned about the idea of class struggle, the need for a transition from capitalism to a classless society, and the concept of workers controlling the means of production.
Did Karl Marx believe that identity is socially constructed?
Basically, yes. Marx believed that in industrialised societies, identity was constructed through the relations between human beings and their means of production. Identities within this system were constructed in relation to the identity of the class in a struggle against forces of domination and subordination that constrained the way that individuals expereinced the world and the means that they could draw upon in their constructions of class identity.
What is the meaning of purpose if the purpose has no meaning?
A purpose needn't have a meaning as it is a way of obtaining an object. It would be the object that would have or have not a meaning.
purpose don't have any meaning as it itself is a meaning
answered by vanshikha
Who wrote The workers have nothing to lose but their chains?
Karl Marx wrote the phrase "The workers have nothing to lose but their chains" in his seminal work "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848, with Friedrich Engels.
What major work of Marxist literature did Lenin publish in 1902?
Lenin published "What Is to Be Done?" in 1902. This work outlined his views on the necessary role of a vanguard party in leading the proletariat to revolution.
Who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto' with Karl Marx?
Friedrich Engels co-wrote "The Communist Manifesto" with Karl Marx in 1848. Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, and businessman who collaborated closely with Marx on several works related to political theory and socialist philosophy.
Talambuhay ni Karl Marx
ni V. I. Lenin
mula sa Tomo 21 ng Collected Works ni Lenin
isinalin mula sa Ingles ni Greg Bituin Jr.
Ipinanganak si Karl Marx noong Mayo 5, 1818 (ng bagong kalendaryo), sa lungsod ng Trier (sa Rhenish Prussia). Ang kanyang ama'y isang manananggol, isang Hudyo, na yumakap sa Protentantismo noong 1824. Maykaya ang pamilya, may kalinangan, ngunit hindi rebolusyonaryo. Nang makapagtapos siya ng pag-aaral sa isang Gymnasium sa Trier, pumasok sa pamantasan si Marx, una'y sa Bonn at sa kalaunan ay sa Berlin, kung saan nagbasa siya ng mga batas, at nagpakadalubhasa sa kasaysayan at pilosopiya. Tinapos niya ang kanyang kurso sa pamantasan noong 1841, nagsumite ng tesis doktoral hinggil sa pilosopiya ni Epicurus. Noong panahong yaon, si Marx ay isang ideyalistang Hegeliano sa kanyang mga pananaw. Sa Berlin, nabibilang siya sa pulutong ng mga "Makakaliwang Hegeliano" (sina Bruno Bauer at iba pa) na bumubunot ng kanilang ateistiko at rebolusyonaryong pagpapasiya mula sa pilosopiya ni Hegel.
Nang makapagtapos ng pag-aaral, lumipat si Marx sa Bonn, at umaasang maging guro. Gayunman, ang reaksyonaryong polisiya ng gubyerno, na nag-alis kay Feuerbach sa pamumuno nito noong 1832, ay di siya pinayagang bumalik sa pamantasan noong 1836, at noong 1841, na pumigil sa bata pang guro na si Bruno Bauer sa pagtuturo sa Bonn, ang siyang pumigil kay Marx upang magpatuloy sa karerang pang-akademiko. Napakabilis umunlad ng pananaw ng makakaliwang Hegeliano sa Alemanya noong panahong yaon. Sinimulang tuligsain ni Feuerbach ang teyolohiya, lalo na noong 1836, at bumaling sa Marxismo, kung saan noong 1841 ay nagpaangat sa kanyang pilosopiya (Ang Diwa ng Kristyanidad). Lumabas noong 1843 ang kanyang Mga Panuntunan ng Pilosopiya sa Hinaharap. "Dapat maranasan ng isang tao sa kanyang sarili ang mapagpalayang bisa" ng mga aklat na ito, kasunod nito'y nagsulat si Engels hinggil sa mga akdang ito ni Feuerbach. "Kami [ang mga Makakaliwang Hegeliano, kasama si Marx] ay lahat agad naging Feuerbachiano." Noong panahong yaon, ilang radikal na burgis sa Rhineland, na may ugnayan sa mga Makakaliwang Hegeliano, ang nagtatag sa Cologne ng isang masalungat na pahayagan na tinatawag na Rheinische Zeitung (ang unang isyu nito'y lumitaw noong Enero 1, 1842). Inanyayahang maging pangunahing tagaambag sina Marx at Bruno Bauer, at noong Oktubre 1842, naging punong patnugot si Marx at lumipat sa Cologne mula sa Bonn. Ang kalakarang rebolusyonaryo-demokratiko ng pahayagan ay unti-unting lumilinaw sa ilalim ng pamamatnugot ni Marx, at ang gobyerno'y unang nag-atas ng doble at tripleng pagsensura sa pahayagan, at noong Enero 1, 1843 ay nagpasyang supilin ito. Dapat magbitiw sa pagkapatnugot si Marx bago ang petsang yaon, ngunit hindi nasagip ng kanyang pagbibitiw ang pahayagan, na tumigil sa paglalathala noong Marso 1843. Sa mga lalong mahahalagang artikulong inambag ni Marx sa Rheinische Zeitung, ayon sa tala ni Engels, bilang dagdag sa mga nakahimatong sa ibaba,isang artikulong nakapatungkol sa kalagayan ng mga magsasaka sa Moselle Valley. Ang kanyang gawaing pamahayagan ang kumumbinsi kay Marx na hindi pa siya ganap na bihasa sa pampulitikang ekonomya, at agad niyang itinalaga ang sarili sa pag-aaral nito.
Noong 1843, pinakasalan ni Marx sa Kreuznach ang isang kababata na napagkasunduan niyang pakasalan habang sila'y mga estudyante pa lamang. Nagmula ang kanyang napangasawa sa isang pamilyang reaksyonaryo ng isang maharlikang Prusyano, ang nakatatandang kapatid na lalaki nito'y naging Ministrong Panloob ng Prusya noong pinakareaksyonaryong panahon - 1850-58. Noong taglagas ng 1843, nagtungo si Marx sa Paris upang maglathala ng radikal na pahayagan sa ibayong dagat, kasama si Arnold Ruge (1802-1880), isang makakaliwang Hegeliano, nakulong noong 1825-30, isang destiyerong pulitikal noong 1848, at isang Bismarkiano matapos ang 1866-70). Tanging isang isyu lamang ng pahayagang Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, ang lumitaw; di na nagpatuloy ang paglalathala nito dahil sa kahirapang ipamahagi ito ng lihim sa Alemanya, at sa hindi nila pagkakasundo ni Ruge. Ipinakita ng mga artikulo ni Marx sa pahayagang ito na siya'y ganap nang rebolusyonaryo na nagtataguyod ng "walang-awang pagpuna sa lahat ng bagay na umiiral", at sa partikular ay "pagpuna sa pamamagitan ng sandata", at nanawagan sa masa at sa proletaryado.
Noong Setyembre 1844, tumungo si Frederick Engels ng ilang araw sa Paris, at mula noon ay naging matalik na kaibigan ni Marx. Kapwa sila naging aktibong bahagi sa noon ay kumukulong buhay ng mga rebolusyonaryong pangkat sa Paris (ang partikular na mahalaga noong panahong yaon ay ang kaisipan ni Proudhon, na pinunang isa-isa ni Marx sa kanyang Kasalatan ng Pilosopiya, 1847), nagtaguyod ng masiglang pakikibaka laban sa iba't ibang kaisipang petiburgis ng sosyalismo, nilikha nila ang teorya at taktika ng rebolusyonaryo proletaryadong sosyalismo, o komunismong Marxismo. (Tingnan ang mga ginawa ni Marx sa panahong ito, 1844-48 sa bibliograpya.) Sa mapilit na kahilingan ng gubyerno ng Prusya, pinalayas si Marx sa Paris noong 1845 bilang isang mapanganib na rebolusyonaryo. Nagtungo siya sa Brussels. Sa tagsibol ng 1847, sumapi sina Marx at Engels sa lihim na samahang propaganda na tinatawag na Liga Komunista; naging mahalagang bahagi sila sa Ikalawang Kongreso ng Liga (London, Nobyembre 1847), kung saan hiniling sa kanilang balangkasin ang Manipesto ng Komunista, na lumitaw noong Pebrero 1848. Nang may kaliwanagan at katalinuhan ng isang henyo, binalangkas ng akdang ito ang bagong pandaigdigang kaisipan, na naaalinsunod sa materyalismo, na yumapos din sa kalagayan ng panlipunang pamumuhay; diyalektika bilang pinakaganap at pinakamalalim na pananaw sa pag-unlad; ang teorya ng tunggalian ng uri at makasaysayang pandaigdigang rebolusyonaryong papel ng proletaryado - ang tagalikha ng bago, komunistang lipunan.
Sa pagsiklab ng Rebolusyon ng Pebrero 1848, si Marx ay pinalayas sa Belgium. Nagbalik siya sa Paris, kung saan, matapos ang Rebolusyon ng Marso, nagtungo siya sa Cologne sa Alemanya kung saan nalathala ang Neue Rheinische Zeitung mula Hunyo 1, 1848 hanggang Mayo 19, 1849, na si Marx ang punong-patnugot. Ang bagong teorya ay maningning na pinatunayan sa paraan ng mga rebolusyonaryong kaganapan ng 1848-49, at sa kalauna'y pinatunayan ito ng lahat ng proletaryado at demokratikong kilusan ng lahat ng bansa sa mundo. Ang matagumpay na kontra-rebolusyon ang unang nagsulsol ng mga paglilitis sa hukuman laban kay Marx (siya'y pinawalang-sala noong Pebrero 9, 1849), at agad siyang pinalayas sa Alemanya (Mayo 16, 1849). Una'y nagtungo si Marx sa Paris, at muli'y pinalayas matapos ang rali noong Hunyo 13, 1849, at agad na nagtungo sa London, kung saan siya nanirahan hanggang sa kanyang kamatayan.
Ang kanyang buhay bilang destiyerong pulitikal ay napakahirap, na malinaw na inilantad ng paglilihaman nina Marx at Engels (nalathala noong 1913). Matindi ang naranasang kahirapan ni Marx at ng kanyang pamilya; kundi sa palagian at walang pag-iimbot na tulong pinansyal ni Engels, hindi mabubuo ni Marx ang Das Kapital at madudurog siya ng karalitaan. Dagdag pa, ang nanaig na kaisipan at kalakarang petiburgis na sosyalismo, at ng di-proletaryadong sosyalismo sa pangkalahatan, ang nagtulak kay Marx upang itaguyod ang patuloy at walang-awang pakikibaka at minsan ay itaboy ang mga napakalupit at kakila-kilabot na atakeng personal (Herr Vogt). Napaunlad ni Marx, na nakatayong malayo sa pulutong ng mga destiyerong pulitikal, ang teoryang materyalista sa ilan niyang makasaysayang akda, na itinalaga ang kanyang sarili sa pag-aaral ng pampulitikang ekonomya. Binagong lubusan ni Marx ang agham sa kanyang akdang Ambag sa Pagsusuri sa Pampulitikang Ekonomya (1859) at Das Kapital (Tomo 1, 1867).
Ang muling pagkabuhay ng mga demokratikong kilusan sa huling bahagi ng 1850s at sa 1860s ay pagbabalik ni Marx sa mga gawaing pulitikal. Noong 1864 (Setyembre 28) ang Pandaigdigang Samahan ng Manggagawa - ang bantog na Unang Internasyunal, ay itinatag sa London. Si Marx ang puso't diwa ng samahang ito, at may-akda ng mga resolusyon, deklarasyon at manipesto. Sa pagbubuklod ng kilusang paggawa sa samu't saring anyo ng di-proletaryado, bago-Marxistang sosyalismo (Mazzini, Proudhon, Bakunin, kalakalang unyong liberal sa Britanya, mga pag-urong-sulong ng Lassalean tungong kanan sa Alemanya, atbp.), at pagbaka sa mga teorya ng mga sekta at paaralang ito, ipinagsaksakan ni Marx ang isang di-nagbabagong taktika para sa proletaryadong pakikibaka ng uring manggagawa sa iba't ibang bansa. Kasunod ng pagbagsak ng Komyun ng Paris (1871) - na nagbigay ng malalim, malinaw, napakatalino, mabisa at rebolusyonaryong pagsusuri (Ang Digmaang Bayan sa Pransya, 1871) - at ang isinagawang paghahati ni Bakunin sa Internasyunal, ang huli ay samahang di na makairal pa sa Europa. Matapos ang Kongreso sa Hague ng Internasyunal (1872), tiniyak ni Marx na nagampanan ng Pangkalahatang Sanggunian ng Internasyunal ang makasaysayang tungkulin nito, at ngayon ay tumahak sa panahon ng mas maunlad na kilusang paggawa sa lahat ng bansa sa mundo, sa panahong lumawak ang saklaw ng kilusan, at natatag ang pangmasa, sosyalista, uring manggagawang partido sa bawat pambansang estado.
Bumagsak ang kalusugan ni Marx dahil sa walang humpay na gawain sa Internasyunal at sa kanyang walang tigil na gawaing teoretikal. Nagpatuloy siyang gawin ang pag-aayos sa pampulitikal na ekonomya at sa pagtapos ng Das Kapital, kung saan nakapagkalap siya ng maraming bagong materyales at nag-aral din ng iba't ibang wika (halimbawa, wikag Ruso). Gayunman, pinigil siya ng karamdaman na matapos ang Das Kapital.
Ang kanyang asawa'y namatay noong Disyembre 2, 1881, at noong Marso 14, 1883, namayapa si Marx habang nakaupo sa kanyang silyon. Inilibing siya katabi ng namayapang asawa sa Highgate Cemetery sa London. Sa mga anak ni Marx, ang ilan ay namatay ng bata pa sa London, noong namumuhay pa ang kanyang pamilya sa napakadukhang kalagayan. Ang tatlo niyang anak na babae ay napangasawa ng mga sosyalistang Ingles at Pranses: sina Eleanor Aveling, Laura Lafargue at Jenny Longuet. Ang anak na lalaki ng huli ay kasapi ng Sosyalistang Partido ng Pranses.
Did Karl Marx say 'The only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain'?
No, there is no record of Karl Marx having said this quote. Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist known for his theories on capitalism, socialism, and communism, but this particular quote does not align with his views on suffering.
Theory of Karl Marx of social conflict on Pakistani society?
Karl Marx's theory of social conflict focuses on the division between social classes, particularly between the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeoisie (capitalist class). In Pakistani society, this theory can be applied to analyze the unequal distribution of wealth and resources, the exploitation of labor, and the concentration of power and privilege among a small elite. It highlights the need for addressing socioeconomic inequalities and promoting social justice to create a more equitable society.
Whom did Karl Marx say would be the ruler in a communist government?
There would be no ruler in a "communist government" to use the terms of this question. This is because under true communism there would be no government at all. It would have withered away and disappeared as being unnecessary. The various industries in the economy would be run by administrators for the benefit of the entire society rather than individual profit. The "proletariat" or working class would not be the rulers, because communism would be a classless society. The terms "proletariat" and "bourgeoisie" refer to social classes and even these would have been wiped out under communism.
Prior to the true communist society and immediately after the overthrow of capitalism, society would go through a period of socialism, which would be ruled by a democratically elected "dictatorship of the proletariat."
The proletariat, that is the workers who own nothing but the right to sell their own labor, would be rulers after the overthrow of the capitalist sytem, but NOT in a communist government.
There would be no ruler in a "communist government" to use the terms of this question. This is because under true communism there would be no government at all. It would have withered away and disappeared as being unnecessary. The various industries in the economy would be run by administrators for the benefit of the entire society rather than individual profit. The "proletariat" or working class would not be the rulers, because communism would be a classless society. The terms "proletariat" and "bourgeoisie" refer to social classes and even these would have been wiped out under communism.
Prior to the true communist society and immediately after the overthrow of capitalism, society would go through a period of socialism, which would be ruled by a democratically elected "dictatorship of the proletariat."
Ano ang pananaw ni Karl Marx sa ekonomiya?
Ayon kay Karl Marx, ang ekonomiya ay nagsisimula sa pagmamay-ari ng mga means of production (tulad ng lupa at pabrika) at paggawa ng halaga mula sa paggawa ng manggagawa. Naniniwala siya sa konsepto ng historical materialism, kung saan ang mga pangyayari sa lipunan ay bunga ng mga kontradiksyon sa mga ekonomikong sistema ng lipunan. Ayon sa kanya, dapat magkaroon ng redistribusyon ng kapangyarihan at ari-arian sa pagitan ng manggagawa at kapitalista upang magkaroon ng tunay na pagkakapantay-pantay sa lipunan.
What are the contributions of Henri Saint Simon in the field of sociology?
Saint Simon contribution to the field of sociology, was his appreciation of the fact that industrialism marked a new phase in the history of mankind. In his opinion a new world had emerge and he wanted to offer some ideas on how this new world should be operated. In this new world of industrialism everybody had to work. In pre-industrial France, rich people known as aristocrats like Simon himself and Priest did not work but had the rest of the society working for them. In this new world of industrialism, Saint Simon believes that, everybody should work to contribute their quota to the development of the industrial society. To him, every individual has a unique skill deposited in him that he can use to help develop the society therefore, the need for everybody to work. According to Simon, there are three main categories of people with different capacities with which they can use to benefit society first group is the more intellectually developed people who he believes should be scientists, the second group is the more emotionally developed people who he believes should be artist and poets and the third group is the more motor oriented who he believes should be workers and organizers. According to him the best among each group should be selected leaders in the country and the rest of the population should be their followers.
Henri also suggested that society had been aided by three stages in its development i.e theological stage, metaphysical stage and scientific stage.
The term that matches this description is "exploitation." This concept highlights the idea that workers are not fully compensated for the value they create through their labor, leading to the accumulation of surplus value by those who own the means of production.
Marx envisioned Communism in its final form as a?
stateless, classless society where the means of production are collectively owned and everyone contributes according to their ability and receives according to their needs. This vision, often referred to as "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need," emphasizes the elimination of private property and the creation of a truly egalitarian society.
Who are the workers exploited by small group of capitalists who own the means of production?
The workers who are exploited by a small group of capitalists who own the means of production are typically the laborers or employees who work for these capitalists. They often face conditions where they are paid wages that may not reflect the full value of the goods or services they produce, leading to exploitation and a power imbalance in the workplace.
Limang tanyag na ekonomista at ang kanilang mga kontribusyon sa larangan ng economics?
What was Marx's vision of a utopian world?
Marx's vision of society is that it is a struggle between two classes of society. Under capitalism, the classes are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The opening line of "The Communist Manifesto" states that the history of all hitherto existing society is a history of class struggle.
What system in which society owns and controls the means of production?
The members of the society own them collectively. They are run by administrators but with no one having ownership interests.
-Their answer
Communism is an economic and political system in which the state owns the means of production and a single party rules.
-My answer
The influential local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers formed by the Social Revolutionaries in cities like Petrograd were called "soviets." These soviets played a key role during the Russian Revolution in 1917, representing the interests of the working class and influencing the course of events in the early stages of the revolution. They provided a forum for political debate, decision-making, and organization among the various groups in society.
Who said from each according to his ability to each according to his needs?
Karl Marx is often credited with this phrase, as it represents the underlying principle of communist ideology. The idea is that in a true communist society, individuals would contribute to the best of their ability and receive goods and services based on their needs, creating a more equal and just society.
Who wrote Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto?
Both "Das Kapital" and "The Communist Manifesto" were written by Karl Marx, a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx is known for his contributions to political theory and his critique of capitalism.
What is the Karl Marx theory of the origin of state?
Although Marx and Engels never put
forward a unified presentation of the
theory of the state, their conception of
the state is a fundamental aspect of their
outlook, and of what has since come to be
called Marxism. In fact, theories of the
state consti tute critical facets of all
totalitarian credos, not just the Marxian.
After all, a given ideology may be
overwhelmingly totalitarian in underlying
logic, but if it lacks a focus on using the
state as the means of transforming
society-that is, of imposing its ideas-its
totalitarianism will remain implicit. It is
the same with Marxism. While Marxism
contains many propositions that imply
totalitarianism, it is Marx and Engels' view
of the state that renders their theory
totalitarian in practice. This is mos t
evident in their argument that the state,
in the form of the dictatorship of the
proletariat, is the chief weapon in the
struggle to establish communism.
Unfortunately, the totalitarian nature of
the Marxist view of the state is not so
easily discerned. A glance at Marxist
theory, and the practice of Marxist
organizations, will reveal what appears to
be a paradox. On the one hand, Marx and
Engels and th eir followers claim to be
vigorous opponents of the state, and
insist that one of their most fundamental
goals is the abolition of that institution.
On the other hand, the vast majority of
Marxist organizations have been, and
continue to be, militant advo cates of the
drastic extension of the role of the state
in society. When they've come to power
through revolutions or military conquest,
Marxists have created societies that have
been almost totally dominated by states.
Indeed, these states' power has bee n
among the greatest in history. Even the
wing of the Marxist movement that no
longer aims at revolution, the social-
democratic, promotes the systemic
expansion of the role of the state in
capitalist society.