Kidneys

Kidney and urinary tract infections may be caused by bacteria invading the urine, which is normally a sterile body fluid. Bacteria most commonly gain access to the urine through the urethra, which can be exposed to bacteria from outside of the body.

Common sources of bacteria invading the urinary system are the vagina, anus, and skin. Because of the shorter length of urethra in women, urine infection is more common in women compared to men. There are some factors that may predispose people to urinary tract infections.

Sexual intercourse may increase the risk of urine infection in women. Kidney infection may be facilitated by the introduction of bacteria from outside (vagina) to the urinary system through the urethra.

Pregnant women may also be at higher risk for developing develop urinary tract infections. This may be caused by slower transit of urine from the ureters into the bladder because of increased pressure on the ureters from the enlarged uterus. Approximately 10% of pregnant women may develop kidney and urinary tract infections during their pregnancy.

Kidney stones are another factor that may increase the likelihood of urinary tract infection. Stones can cause partial or complete obstruction to the flow of urine from the kidneys and ureters. This obstruction may act as a focus of infection in the urinary system, leading to urinary tract infections.

Bladder catheters (Foley catheters) are sometimes placed into the bladder in order to aid the outflow of urine from the bladder. These are used in many settings, for example, paralysis with nerve damage to the bladder causing accumulation of urine without adequate emptying, bladder obstruction from an enlarged prostate, or immobilized or hospitalized patients who are not able to independently urinate. These catheters may act as a vehicle for bacteria to gain access to the urine inside the bladder causing urinary infections.

In children some risk factors include female gender, an uncircumcised male, or a structural abnormality of the urinary system.

eliminates waste from the body
function of the kidney : The kidneys remove wastes and water from the blood to form urine. Urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters.
the main function unit of the kidney is the nephron The kidneys regulate the body's fluid volume, mineral composition and acidity by excreting and reabsorbing water and inorganic electrolytes. ( http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4647 )
to filter out the things that your body doesn't need

A nephrectomy is an operation that removes a kidney. However there are two variations, either simple nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy depending on the etiology (origin of the disease process or condition.

You mean the capsuls covering it. But generally kidney is coverd by posterior wall of peritonium

the body may not accept the transplant and then it will be just as bad as not getting a transplant or the patient waiting may be too ill and dye before getting the transplant because of the very long waiting lists.

ADH is a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, in the brain. ADH travels in the blood to its target organ, the kidney, where it combines with complementary receptors on the surface of the plasma membranes of cuboidal epithelial cells making up the wall of the collecting ducts of nephron.

This stimulates a series of enzyme controlled reactions, resulting in production of an active phosphorylase enzyme which causes vesicles which have plasma membranes posessing a large number of water permeable channels, to move across the cell and fuse with the cell's plasma membrane.

As a result of these water permeable channels, the walls of the collecting duct are more permeable, and water can move out of the lumen of the collecting duct by osmosis down a water potential gradient (this gradient is created by active pumping of inorganic ions into the medulla by the loop of Henle) and is reabsorbed into the blood. As a result, the urine will be more concentrated and have less water, and the organism will consequently conserve more water.

If an organism is dehydrated or has done lots of exercise and has been sweating, the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the change in water potential, and ADH is secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, so water is conserved as described above. If the organism has drank a lot of water, this is also detected and no ADH is produced - the hormone operates on a system of negative feedback.

High levels of phosphorus in blood can occur in people with severe kidney disease or severe dysfunction of their calcium regulation. High phosphate levels in your blood reduce the formation of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) in your kidneys, reduce blood calcium, and lead to increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) release by the parathyroid glands.

High intakes of phosphorus, as is found in a diet with meats, soft drinks, and other convenience foods, can affect calcium metabolism. Because phosphorus is not as tightly regulated by the body as calcium, phosphate levels in your blood can rise slightly with a high phosphorus diet, especially after meals. If you drink too much soda and you don't eat enough leafy green vegetables and other calcium-rich foods, you are risking your bone health. Potential calcium deficiency symptoms may be more likely when your phosphorus intake is very high. A low calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in your diet increases your risk of hypertension and colon-rectal cancer. Excessively high levels of phosphorus in your blood can combine with calcium to form deposits in soft tissues such as muscle.

The organ was called a kidney first. The kidney bean is called so because it is shaped like a kidney, the organ.

The kidneys work to filter the blood in a person's body. If they stop working properly, dangerous wastes will build up in a person's body and result in death if they don't get medical treatment. Dialysis will work to do what the kidneys cannot until a person can get a transplant.

The renal medulla contains collecting ducts.

The medical adjective for the kidneys is renal. The adjective nephric can also refer to the kidneys and their related tissues.

YES! A very weird situation has to happen though. With runners on 2nd and 3rd and 1 out, a line drive is caught by the 2nd baseman. The runner on 3rd runs on contact (without tagging). The runner on 2nd can't get back to the base. Instead of just tagging 2nd base for the 3rd out, the 2nd baseman runs after the runner and tags him AFTER the runner on 3rd touches home. When the 2nd baseman went after the runner, it became a "pickle" situation. The other runner's run counts (if it was scored before the tag) unless the defense appeals to 3rd where the runner left early and therefore would be the 4th out. Confusing, but true. 1st out- before the situation 2nd out- Caught line drive 3rd out- tag of runner 4th out- appeal to 3rd where runner left early.

In the US, I do not believe that it is 'illegal,' per se, to sell your kidney. However it is legally and ethically unlawful for anyone to harvest a healthy kidney from your body for a "for profit" SALE to another party. This, of course, excludes the donation of a kidney to a loved one or, as an act of charity, a recepient specified by the kidney donor.

Glomerular filtration rate is the rate at which fluid is filtered by the kidneys.

The normal rate for humans is 125mL/min or 180L/day. The fluid that is filtered (and not reabsorbed later) is excreted as urine.

The average weight for a healthy, human kidney is 120-140 grams. 1 pound= 453.59237 grams. So, the average weight for a healthy, human kidney is 0.26-0.30 pounds. (approx.)

The kidneys are organs. They belong to the excretory (organ) system.

The kidneys are part of the excretory system. They filter the blood, and remove water-soluble wastes which are diverted to the bladder. In producing urine, the kidneys excrete nitrogenous wastes such as urea and ammonium.

Kidney's don't fully cease functioning when they fail, but neither are they effective at doing their purpose in the body (cleaning wastes out of the blood stream). Complete kidney failure occurs when both kidneys are incapable of functioning.

It really depends on a lot of things, such as whether the kidney failure was caused by diabetes and high blood pressure, which in the US, at least, are the major causes of end-stage renal disease, and whether your wife is on dialysis yet or not.

In general, you will want to limit consumption of foods that are high in sodium (because they increase blood pressure and tend to make you retain fluid), phosphorus, potassium, and if she isn't yet on dialysis, protein. Working kidneys can regulate the levels of these minerals, but if they fail, they will build up quickly to toxic, even fatal, levels. Even dialysis doesn't filter these out all the way, which is why you have to limit intake. In addition to limiting intake of high phosphorus/high potassium foods, she may be given a prescription for binders. These are medications she will have to take with every meal to make sure her body doesn't absorb most of the phosphorus in the food she eats; there are also potassium binders, but generally you would only use those if for some reason there was an emergency and it would be a few days before you could get another treatment in. If your wife has stopped producing urine, her fluid intake will be restricted as well - and by fluids, I don't just mean things like water, coffee, etc. I also mean soups, ice, ice cream, pudding, even watermelon will be severely cut back.

If she is on dialysis (or will be very soon), one of the first people she will meet at the dialysis center is the nutritionist. They are specifically trained to deal with the limitations of the renal diet, more so than the nutritionist you may find at your local hospital. When my husband's dialysis center sends his monthly bloodwork results in the mail, the nutritionist often will send out recipes or reminders to avoid high amounts of certain foods.

One VERY important thing that this list omits...never, ever, ever, under any circumstances, allow your wife to eat starfruit (also known as carambola), or drink starfruit juice, especially if she is on dialysis. Starfruit, for some reason that is currently unknown, is fatally toxic to people with kidney disease.

you will die

They are symmetrical in terms of the shape however the right kidney is a little smaller as it shares space with the liver, which also pushes it lower down than the left kidney

2

ADH

No

There ard two separste diseases spelled similar. Buerger's which affects extremities via swelling of veins and arteries and burger's which is disease of thd kidneys unto itself