Mexico

Mexico is one of the countries with most trade agreements in the world, having 12 free trade agreements with over 40 countries including North and Central America, the European Free Trade Area and Japan, putting more than 90% of its trade under free trade agreements. Mexico has membership to several organizations, such as:

• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
• Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
• Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries (GSTP)
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)

This list is from Wikipedia's article on Hernan Cortes.

• doña Catalina Pizarro, born between 1514 and 1515 in Santiago de Cuba or maybe later in Nueva España, daughter of doña Leonor Pizarro, perhaps relative of Cortés.
• don Martín Cortés, born in Coyoacán in 1522, son of doña Marina (La Malinche), called the First Mestizo; about him was written The New World of Martín Cortés; married doña Bernaldina de Porras and had two children:
  • doña Ana Cortés
  • don Fernando Cortés, Principal Judge of Veracruz. Descendants of this line are alive today in Mexico.
• don Luis Cortés, born in 1525, son of doñaAntonia or Elvira Hermosillo.
• doña Leonor Cortés Moctezuma, born in 1527 or 1528 in Ciudad de Mexico, daughter of Aztec princess Tecuichpotzin (baptized Isabel), born in Tenochtitlan on July 11, 1510 and died on July 9, 1550, the eldest legitimate daughter of Moctezuma II Xocoyotzin and wife doña María Miahuaxuchitl; married to Juan de Tolosa, a miner.
• doña María Cortés de Moctezuma, daughter of an Aztec princess; nothing more is known about her except that she probably was born with some deformity.

He married twice: firstly in Cuba to Catalina Juárez Marcaida, who died at Coyoacán in 1522 without issue, and secondly in 1529 to doña Juana Ramírez de Arellano de Zúñiga, daughter of don Carlos Ramírez de Arellano, 2nd Count of Aguilar and wife the Countess doña Juana de Zúñiga, and had:

• don Luis Cortés y Ramírez de Arellano, born in Texcoco in 1530 and died shortly after his birth.
• doña Catalina Cortés de Zúñiga, born in Cuernavaca in 1531 and died shortly after her birth.
• don Martín Cortés y Ramírez de Arellano, 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca, born in Cuernavaca in 1532, married at Nalda on February 24, 1548 his twice cousin once removed doña Ana Ramírez de Arellano y Ramírez de Arellano and had issue, currently extinct in male line
• doña María Cortés de Zúñiga, born in Cuernavaca between 1533 and 1536, married to don Luis de Quiñones y Pimentel, 5th Count of Luna
• doña Catalina Cortés de Zúñiga, born in Cuernavaca between 1533 and 1536, died unmarried in Sevilla after the funeral of her father
• doña Juana Cortés de Zúñiga, born in Cuernavaca between 1533 and 1536, married Don Fernando Enríquez de Ribera y Portocarrero, 2nd Duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, 3rd Marquess of Tarifa and 6th Count of Los Molares, and had issue

There are over 27 types of peppers in Mexico, including (but not limited to):

• Chilaca/Pasilla
• Chiltepin
• Medusa
• Cascabel
• De Arbol
• Guajillo
• Jalapeño
• Mirasol
• Macho
• Poblano
• Serrano
• Piquin
• Habanero
• Manzano
• Morron
• Chipotle
• Ancho
• Catarina
• Chilcostle
• Morita
• Mulato
• Güero
• Cuaresmeño
• Verde
• X-Cat-Ik
• Chilhuacle
• Puya

This answer has some interesting points given in the primary answer and in the later response. One of the issues is the question of what constitutes a "language." All widespread languages have local variations. English is spoken differently in the US than in the UK, Australia, Canada, various European countries, Japan, and elsewhere. Various native languages have influence (such as the various Native American tongues) and neighboring languages. (Spanish has a significant input into American English, for example). But the basic language is still the basic language. We do not speak of those in the US as speaking "American," or those in Australia of speaking "Australian." With this in mind, the primary answer is not "wrong," but could have explained the idiomatic differences in the use of Spanish in Mexico compared to other Spanish-speaking countries.

It may be useful to note also that Mexico is a very large country, and has regional differences within the country, just as we in the US have regional differences in English use. The language of Georgia is not the same as the language of New York, but they are both "English."

Our contributors give their translations into 'Mexican':

• To begin with, Mexican is not a language, but an ethnicity. The language that Mexicans speak is Spanish. Now on to your question:

  Hello = Hola.

  How are you = Cómo estás? (in informal speech) and Cómo está? (in formal speech)

• The previous answer is wrong in many ways: Mexican is an ethnicity, but the Mexicans speak their own kind of Spanish; Mexicans do not speak the same kind of Spanish that is spoken in Spain, or Puerto Rico, or Brazil, or Argentina, etc.

  Spanish has many different dialects; some words are. Mexican is a form of Latin American Spanish, mixed with some language of indigenous Mexico, like Nahuatl.

  The way you would say "you" depends on the context and what you are trying to say, because Latin American Spanish is not as literal. For example, "you" on its own would be "usted," but the most common usage of the word "you" in Mexican/Latin is "te" and "ti."

  "Como estás?" and "Como está?" literally mean "How do you do?" It shouldn't be used as a way to say "What's up?", but "está," along with "usted," is a more formal way to say in general "you." But it is used quite differently in the USA and Mexico, and is more often used in Spain and South America.

  Mexicans still use "está," but there are a lot of differences in dialect. Chicano Spanish is as far away from Standard Spanish as you'll ever know, and many Latino communities in the USA speak Latin American + Chicano Spanish, so if you're looking to learn how to converse with a Puerto Rican or a Mexican, learning Spanish in high school won't get you very far, and looking up standard Spanish phrases is going to make you look like an idiot when talking to a Mexican. The Mexican way to say "Hey, how are you/what's up?" in a friendly formal/informal gesture would be to say "Que paso/que pasa." You won't ever hear "Como está" or "Que onda" in the USA.

  Chicano Spanish includes words such as "seriosa/serioso," "servicios," "foto," and "noticias." This speech is widely used in the USA.

No. The language is almost the same, but the accent, expressions, sounds and wordings are completely different. Some examples are provided:

Spanish 'z' pronunciation sounds like a 'th', which is almost unheard of in Mexico.

Verb pronunciation such as "You drink": "Ustedes beben" (Mx) and "Vosotros bebeis" (Sp).

Whole words equivalent to Color (US) and Colour (UK) in the English language:

Papa (Mx) / Patata (Sp)

Computadora (Mexico) / Ordenador (Sp)

Fabrica (Mx) / Factoria (Sp)

None. The Yucatan peninsula is connected to the Mexican mainland trough the Tehuantepec Isthmus.

On the other hand, the Yucatan peninsula has shores on the Gulf of Mexico as well as the Caribbean Sea.