If you are referring to normalization of floating point numbers, it is to maintain the most precision of the number possible. Leading zeros in floating point representation is lost precision, thus normalization removes the leading zeros by shifting left and adjusting the exponent. If the calculation was done in a hidden extended precision register (like IEEE 80-bit format) extra precision bits may be shifted in to the LSBs before restoring the result to a standard single or double precision register, reducing loss of precision.

supermarket (ER-Diagram)

MySQL is an open source database used by businesses to help manage their websites and other areas of their business involving high volumes of data. MySQL offers users training, certification, consulting and support.

That will depend on the relationship between the two tables. Assuming it's a simple link between the two tables, then it can be done pretty easily.

For example, take two tables, "nuts" and "bolts". Perhaps you would want to compare the price per quantity of each of those, and that value is stored in the table. You could do it this way:

...

$query = mysql_query("SELECT nuts.price AS nutprice, bolts.price as boltprice FROM nuts JOIN bolts ON nuts.quantity = bolts.quantity");

while( $data = mysql_fetch_array($query)){

do_comparison($data['nutprice'], $data['boltprice']);

}

...

The advantages of indexes in Oracle are that it is faster at accessing rows and is useful. The disadvantages are that the table used is small and an index must be used in order to access data.

Concurrency means use of database by many users at the same time.Concurrency control techniques (Different techniques) are used control multiple transactions interfere each other to produce wrong results.

therefore one of the main techniques used to control concurrent execution of transaction is based on the concept of locking of data item.

A lock is a variable associated with a data item in the database and describes the status of that item with respect to possible operation that can be applied to that item.

Generally there is a one lock for each data item in the database.

malach mahit nahi malach sanga......

An external constraint is something outside a business that stops the business achieving it's aims and objectives. For example, changing consumer's tastes.

since XLS and XLSX are proprietary formats of Microsoft products, I'm not sure there is a (free) PHP way to do so. you can export your data in CSV, which is easily opened in Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice Calc

ALTER TABLE mytab MODIFY (mycol <modifications>)

printf (*) is equal to fprintf (stdout, *)

Bjk