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Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that believes in loyalty to one's nation, usually based on ethnic connections, historical ties, or loyalty to shared institutions. Nationalism was the philosophy behind the creation of the Nation-State in the 1800s, resulting in the unification of Germany and Italy and the disintegration of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires along ethnic lines. Nationalism was always opposed by cosmopolitanism and in today's global economy, the dialogue between advocates of either tends to be tense.
1,025 Questions
What influences did the Zionists have where they relocated?
The Zionists had an number of important influences on the Israeli state structure and culture (since most of them relocated to Israel). Some of those influences include:
1) European Business Culture: Most of the Zionists were from Europe and were used to doing business along European timelines as opposed to Turkish or Arab timelines. This meant longer work hours and generally more productive agricultural techniques.
2) University Establishment: As most of the Zionists were relatively educated European Jews, they founded several institutions of higher learning and lead to the increase in local literacy and development.
3) European Foods: Zionists brought their foods with them. Modern Israel has a melange of typical Levantine foods, like shwarma, felafel, humus and pita, and simple salads, but also has European Jewish foods like kishka, schnitzel, and cholent.
4) Infrastructure Development: The Zionists set to building many roads, improving the Ottoman train tracks and and improving general connections country-wide.
5) Land Acquisition: The Zionists took an active role in buying territory from the Turkish landowners in Mandatory Palestine to create more space for the Jewish immigrants and settlements to develop. This land acquisition directly led to the Jewish National Fund and the modern Israeli land policies.
Is the Syrian Civil War a Western and-or Zionist Conspiracy?
No, of course not.
Claim Made by Conspiracy Theorists
Those who make the claim usually center on three distinct elements:
1) History of Imperialism: This holds that there is a drive by Westerners to prevent the realization of a united Arab polity. The argument holds that if Syria is weakened militarily, it will be in a much weaker economic, political, and social position. Additionally, it is argued that Western powers want access to Syria because of its resources.
2) Iranian-American Proxy War: This holds that Iran and the US are going to war in a number of different places by mobilizing different armies to fight for them. The Israel-Hezbollah War in 2006 and the current Syrian Civil War are outgrowths of the proxy war.
3) Israeli Desire to Retain the Golan: Israel is required by UNSC Resolution 242 to return the Golan Heights to Syria in response to a peace treaty between the countries. Netanyahu and Assad were in negotiations in 2011 to resolve this issue before the Syrian Civil War broke out.
Refutation of Claim Made
However, each of these arguments is (1) circumstantial and (2) divorced from the actual events going on in Syria. Concerning Imperialism, while the West continues to interact with the Arab countries in a non-equal manner, such as not recognizing an Arab Common Market and conducting diplomacy with each Arab country as the entire European Union, European nations have not put boots in the ground in Syria, nor have they made significant contributions to any of the parties in the conflict. There are also minimal natural or strategic resources in Syria and most European governments did quite well with Assad for what minimal benefits Syria could provide, further demonstrating why political imperialism was not necessary. Concerning the Iranian-American proxy war, the United States has only supported the Free Syrian Army with words and slogans, not actual funds, so it cannot be said that they are a US proxy. Concerning Israel and the Golan Heights, not even the regime argues that its opponents (who it has characteristically labeled as "Zionist Western Usurper Terrorists") are interested in derailing negotiations with Israel. Israel and the Israeli public actually preferred Assad in power since he was the evil they knew as opposed to the evil that they did not know (any new Syrian government). Additionally, since any other Syrian regime would be more hostile to Israel (either because of the greater anti-Zionist stance of the population in a democracy or the anti-Zionist views of Islamists), Israel has little interest in replacing a "peaceful" anti-Zionist Assad with a probably militant anti-Zionist new Syria.
Actual Causes of the Conflict
The actual case is that the Syrian Civil War is a direct result of conditions within Syria finally coming to the boiling point. The Syrian people historically opposed the Assad dynasty and this culminated in the Hama Massacre in which 10,000-40,000 Syrians were brutally murdered by Hafez Assad. This act of cruelty and barbarity inflamed anti-regime passions but also crushed any hope that they might have for success. Hope for changes in Syria was rekindled by the Arab Spring's successes in Tunisia and Egypt in overthrowing their dictators.
The situation would have remained peaceful, but like Libya, the government decided to use military force to repress the protesters. Unfortunately while the Libyans received military assistance from the West leading to a short and quick war to assert popular authority over a ruthless dictator, the Syrians were not lucky enough to get to get Westerners to help them in securing democracy. This happened for two main reasons: the Syrians took to arms one week after NATO forces had committed to Libya, making them more resistant to committing to fight a new conflict in Syria and Syria lacks the oil and natural gas resources that served as effective motivation to bring stability to Libya. The lack of Western involvement in Syria has led to the escalation of the conflict since neither side has a clear advantage. This has only been exacerbated by Iranian support for the Regime, Saudi support for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and Turkish support for the Free Syrian Army. If anything, it is a Middle Eastern proxy war between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey for control of the Islamic Middle East being waged in Syria.
Do orthodox Jews reject zionism?
This is a complicated issue, as most Orthodox Jews have mixed feelings toward Zionism. Before the founding of Israel almost all of Orthodox Judaism rejected Zionism. As a movement in Europe, it was largely anti-religious. After the founding of Israel many Orthodox groups half-heartedly accepted Zionism as a necessary evil, seeing them as the only force able to prevent a second Holocaust at the hands of the Arabs. However, many Orthodox Jews openly denounce Zionism and even those that don't publicly tend to privately. Nowadays, the majority of Orthodox Jews participate in Israeli politics, voting and running for office. They do so more out of necessity than out of belief in the system.
It is important to note that while the overwhelming majority of Orthodox Jews feel a kinship to their Jewish brethren in Israel, they do not believe it to be a "Jewish State" since it was not formed by the Messiah nor does it espouse Religious Jewish Law.
Who was an Italian nationalist and the soul of Italian unity?
Camillo di Cavour is the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia who was a key figure in the unification of Italy in 1859-1861. He was the one who helped unify northern Italy with the help of the French against the outdated army of Austria who defeated the "Italians" during the revolts of 1848. Since Emperor Napoleon III or Louise Napoleon feared Piedmont-Sardinia was stronger than he thought, he signed a secret treaty with Austria which ended the fight. Guiseppe Garibaldi can be consider as the Italian nationalist and the soul of Italian unity since he did help unify southern Italy with his redshirt army. Well hope the information answered your questions and I hope you like a little bit of the surplus information as well.
In the 1780's what did the Nationalists organized to?
To promote the need for a stronger central government.
Yes, ben bernanke is a zionist just like most of the Obama regime..along with bernanke being a zionist you also have rahm emanuel and david axlerod..two other white house members who have the president's ear.
Most of America's political leadership is Zionist: believing that the Jews should have political self-sovereignty and is the patriotic sentiment behind the Establishment of the State of Israel.
Unfortunately, many people use the term "Zionism" to refer to a non-existent cabal of Jews who "control the world". As such a cabal does not actually exist, Ben Bernanke cannot be a part of it.
What was the Zionism Resolution from November 1975?
This question is likely referring to UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 which condemned Zionism as a form of Racism. In December of 1991 it was reversed by UNGA Resolution 4686.
The Resolution 3379 Text is below:
The General Assembly,
Recalling its resolution 1904 (XVIII) of 20 November 1963, proclaiming the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and in particular its affirmation that "any doctrine of racial differentiation or superiority is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous" and its expression of alarm at "the manifestations of racial discrimination still in evidence in some areas in the world, some of which are imposed by certain Governments by means of legislative, administrative or other measures",
Recalling also that, in its resolution 3151 G (XXVIII) of 14 December 1973, the General Assembly condemned, inter alia, the unholy alliance
between South African racism and zionism,
Taking note of the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace 1975, proclaimed by the World Conference of the International Women's Year, held at Mexico City from 19 June to 2 July 1975, which promulgated the principle that "international co-operation and peace require the achievement of national liberation and independence, the elimination of colonialism and neo-colonialism
, foreign occupation, zionism, apartheid
and racial discrimination in all its forms, as well as the recognition of the dignity of peoples and their right to self-determination",
Taking note also of resolution 77 (XII) adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity
at its twelfth ordinary session, held at Kampala from 28 July to 1 August 1975, which considered "that the racist regime in occupied Palestine
and the racist regime in Zimbabwe and South Africa have a common imperialist origin, forming a whole and having the same racist structure and being organically linked in their policy aimed at repression of the dignity and integrity of the human being",
Taking note also of the Political Declaration and Strategy to Strengthen International Peace and Security and to Intensify Solidarity and Mutual Assistance among Non-Aligned Countries, adopted at the Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries held at Lima from 25 to 30 August 1975, which most severely condemned zionism as a threat to world peace and security and called upon all countries to oppose this racist and imperialist ideology,
Determines that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination.
Are Zionists devil worshipers?
Answer 1
The question is absurd on its face. After running through roughly fifteen ways to answer it, I decided that the best answer is: No, and if I were you, I'd be careful around whoever put that idea into your head.
Answer 2
This is the type of argument against Israel and its validity that reeks of desperation. The person who made the argument realized that Israel is valid on international legal grounds, historical grounds, political grounds, economic grounds, and so on, but really wishes that it did not exist. Therefore, in order to make Israel impossible to defend, he tars Zionism (which is a form of patriotism towards a Jewish State) with devil worship (which almost everybody seems to agree is wrong), even though the two principles are not at all related.
Additionally, the term Zionist is often incorrectly used to describe a conspiratorial cabal bent on world domination. Not only does this cabal not exist, but this is something that reeks of Anti-Semitism and merely replaces the word "Jew" with the word "Zionist" to seem less offensive.
Is the apple company by zionists?
Answer
No, they are not.
Note:
This seems like a case where the term "Zionist" is being misconstrued.
Zionism: a belief that the Jews should have political self-sovereignty and is the patriotic sentiment behind the Establishment of the State of Israel.
Unfortunately, many people use the term "Zionism" to refer to a non-existent cabal of Jews who "control the world". As such a cabal does not actually exist, Madonna cannot be a part of it.
Why is Gandhi considered the most famous Asian nationalist?
Mahatma Ghandi was mostly famous for how he stood up to the British and fought against them for freedom of Indian's and his beloved India . He faced many trials he was beaten, thrown in jail for false accusations many times, and suffered alot.. He was also well know for how when the British lashed out on him and beat him ,jailed him , and everything he never once called the British bad names or used violence .
-h.n.s<3
Which has been a major goal of both the Zionists and the Palestinian Arabs in the Middle East?
To each establish their own independent countries.
There is both religious and secular zionism. Both concern the Jewish desire to live in our ancestral land.
There is often hyperbole in the media about comparing Zionist Israeli policy to Nazi German policy in order to create sympathy for the Palestinians. However, there are vast differences in the organization of ideals and direction of the governments, making these ideologies very different.
Persecution and Genocide
One of the hallmarks of Nazi policy was the quarantining of "Undesirables" in ghettos which were partial cities without sufficient food or living space. Then the "Undesirables" would be trucked to forced labor and extermination camps. This led to the deaths of 6 million Jews and 5 million non-Jews (primarily Slavs and Romani/Gypsies).
Israel has never organized any sort of genocidal campaign against any group. Although life is difficult for Palestinians in the West Bank under Israeli occupation, they are not rounded up, quarantined or subject to mass murder. The Palestinians in Gaza are under a blockade since the Hamas government almost always uses surplus supplies to wage war on Israel, but Israel still continues to provide the Gaza Strip with all of its electricity and 80% of its foodstuffs, the exact opposite treatment afforded by the Nazis to their "Undesirables". Of course, this fails to note how Arab Israeli citizens (ethnic Palestinians, Druze, Bedouins, and Arab Christians) receive equal treatment under Israeli Law and even have political parties which have participated in every Israeli Parliament, some of which are opposed to the Jewish State.
Industry Nationalization and Human Rights
Economically, the Fascist State tends to co-opt private industry and create an unholy political-industrial complex that makes the rights of its citizens secondary to the whims and desires of industry. This is to create a stronger impetus for production of military arms and manufactures. The Nazis were well known for their extensive collaboration with industrial manufacturers and the lessening of workers' protections.
Israel has some of the most comprehensive worker protections in the world and an incredible number of regulations for private industry. Israeli domestic policy would be considered socialist by American standards or Lib-Dem by British Standards or Moderate Gaullist by French Standards. While there is significant military expenditure in Israel, it is not co-opted by the government. Rather private manufacturers receive grants and subsidies, similar to what happens in the United States. Israel also has one of the most productive start-up economies, entirely outside of the government's interference.
Eugenics
The Nazis made very clear that they were trying to create a master race with a certain set of discernible physical features: blond hair, blue eyes, small nose, pale face, and had anatomical drawings of the Ãœbermensch which resembled the typical Swede. The Nazis researched the best ways to promote reproduction among those who "had desirable traits" and to limit reproduction among the Undesirables. Women in concentration camps, for example, were experimented on to prevent them from ovulating and thus effectively prevent their reproduction.
Aside from the fact that Jews in Israel are from all over the world (roughly 1/3 from Russia, 1/3 from the Arab World, and 1/3 from Western Europe and the USA, with sprinklings from elsewhere), there is no view in Israel of how a Jew should look. Further, there is no attempt to alter demography by preventing non-Jews from marrying and reproducing. In fact, aside for Religious Jews, Arab Israelis have the highest birth rates in Israel. While there are demographic concerns in Israel, no Israeli politician or organization has ever contemplated trying to prevent Arabs from marrying or having children, because this is not what Israel is about.
Which countries had people who were fierce nationalists in World War 2?
Most nations at war display a sense of national pride, and that was true on both sides during WWII.
What does zionism in europe mean?
The phrase "Zionism in Europe" does not mean anything different than the individual words "Zionism", "in", and "Europe" mean when put in sequence. There is no distinctly European form of Zionism, even though Zionism really developed in Europe, the concept was understood relatively uniformly in almost every country where it was discussed regardless of whether the Jewish community embraced it or rejected it.
What is the impact of nationalist symbols on common people?
Depends whether people accept or deny connection with the symbols. Good example is Germany in the pre-war time and after that. In the 1930's the swastika "hakenkreutz" symbol became a national symbol for the Germany and for many people it was a great unifying emblem. The problem lies in the underlying nationalist extremism beneath. The symbol itself was not harmful, the ideas were.
Thus we can say the symbols, like the flag of the USA tend to unite people in some way, but also lead people to forgetting that the "other" people have their rights too, it makes people arrogant or hateful againgst others who do not believe in the same nationalist ideals.
Soon after the WW2 in the Germany the previous nationalist symbols were so much hated that even no children were named "Adolph" for example.
Why did the Zionists want to establish a Jewish national state in the middle east?
There are two operative parts to that question. There is the implicit question as to whether a Jewish State is something that should exist. There is the explicit question as to whether the geographical location chosen for this Jewish State is proper for its mission.
1) Why a Jewish State: Herzl explained quite well that the European concept of a nation-state was dependent on the idea that all of the people in any particular nation were of the same ethnic stock and heritage. Jews were branded by this system to be "the Other" and were regarded at best as possible equals and at worse as traitors, spies, thieves, and fifth columns. When the Dreyfus Affair turned out marches in Paris that said "Death to the Jews" on account of a kangaroo court against a particular guiltless Jew, it became clear that the Jew could not be integrated into Europe. After the Holocaust, the strongest proof that the Jew and the European Nation-State were irreconcilable, this view persists. In Europe, it is now directed at the Muslims since the Jews are not large enough of a threat to the European System. Unlike Muslims, though, which can return to their countries of origin if the discrimination becomes intolerable, the Jews did not have such a place. This is why the Jewish State is necessary. Since it came into existence it has accepted Jewish political refugees from over 50 nations and flown missions at its own expense to rescue Jews from at least 10 nations.
2) Why Palestine: Ahad Ha'am explains that the Jewish Soul is intrinsically connected to his history and in the same way that a German-American can never be as properly German as a German in Germany, the People of Israel can never be as properly Jewish if they are not in the Land of Israel. The relics in that land speak to a Jewish sensibility and character. There are also religious reasons as expounded by Rav Avraham Kook which posit that the development of a Jewish State in Israel hastens the arrival of the Messiah. There are additional political reasons why Palestine and not Europe. As explained above, the European Culture is strongly anti-Other and making a Jewish State there would have fostered much more contempt and alienation (ironically).
What countries had nationalism in world war 1?
Well, Im currently studying history and even though im in grade 10, i do have a passion for WW1.
The countries which had nationalism during the war would definitly have to be Germany, and Canada.
Germany thought they were the better country who thought they were going to take over the world. Obviously that didnt happen or else the world would basically be a dictatorship -.-
Canada sent over troops overseas to Britain so they can train under the leadership of Britains finest military leaders. Since Canada wasnt a large population at the time (military and pedestrian wise), we tried to send over bout 20,000 troops at a time. Though that wasnt many and since Britain thought they were going to fail, the Canadian troops showed them that they had what it takes. They were the strongest going into the war. Britain thought they were basically the "best" So they asked for more troops from them.
The Russians had a really large army and thought they were going to win alot of the war, but their technology was 200 years back so they were a bit behind from the rest of the europeans.
Italy didnt really participate much in the war. Maybe a few troops here and there.
Austria - Hungary was confident about taking over Serbia
If this helps then im glad it did :)
How can be nationalism a cause of conflict?
Nationalism forms around a sense of identity, either of a tribal nature, an ethnic grouping and/or a shared value system. There will be other causal factors too, and sometimes a combination. The collapse of Empires was in large part due to a sense of rising nationalism, for example Austria-Hungary tried to encompass groups such as the Magyars (Hungarian), Serbs, Germanic peoples etc and these groups had very different sense of identity that (with the help of agitators like the Russians - who encouraged a Serbian sense of identity outside of the Empire) created breakaway factions that eventually led to the opening of World War 1 when Austria-Hungary tried to rein in the Serbs. The Russians had successfully undermined Austria-Hungary by exploiting a sense of nationality amongst Serbs. In Germany in World War 2, a sense of national identity led to the marginalisation and destruction of groups that were not considered ethnically "German". The loss of the American colonies by Britain was fomented by British legislation/taxation being foisted upon a group that had no voice in the British Parliament. This created a sense of "them and us" - separateness - that was the germination of a sense of being a separate nation. Although Americans wanted to remain British (e.g. the Olive Branch Petition) King George III's intransigence force the issue - rubber-stamped the "them and us" position - and led to a successful revolt against Britain, which was unable to sustain the expense of a foreign war (this being in part the reason for the taxes in the first place - "to defend the colonies").
Ethnic groups in North America, New Zealand and Australia are considered "first nation" peoples because of this ethic distinction between their race and that of the invaders/colonists. Religious groups also create a sense of separateness that surfaces as nationalism, most notably the Zionist component of Judism, which espouses a fundamentalist belief concerning the "land of Israel" in the middle east (fundamentalist in the sense that "the laws of god trump the laws of man"), one of the few examples of state-sponsored fundamentalist doctrine. The sense of nationality around faith is exploited to bolster a sense of unity based on notions of a shared identity and indeed shared persecution as a "separate nation" in WW2 Germany. The aim here is to establish a nation with one faith in an era when nations are moving towards multiculturalism and tolerance.
When groups with very different sense of identity have to co-exist there is almost always conflict. In Britain, local laws preventing certain practices of other faiths (butchery of animals in the street, for example) create tensions within faith groups that consider such practices to be part of their religious identity - although this is not nationalism as such, it is a precursor to the "them and us" mindset that, if left unchecked, can create "nations within nations". Multiculturalism can present a challenge to the notion of nationhood that states have to take seriously, and sensitively too.
Zionism has as its definition only one thing: the Jews should have an independent Jewish State.
Herzl explained quite well that the European concept of a nation-state was dependent on the idea that all of the people in any particular nation were of the same ethnic stock and heritage. Jews were branded by this system to be "the Other" and were regarded at best as possible equals and at worse as traitors, spies, thieves, and fifth columns. When the Dreyfus Affair turned out marches in Paris that said "Death to the Jews" on account of a kangaroo court against a particular guiltless Jew, it became clear that the Jew could not be integrated into Europe. After the Holocaust, the strongest proof that the Jew and the European Nation-State were irreconcilable, this view was strengthened.
Jews did not have such a place to return if the discrimination became intolerable. This is why the Jewish State is necessary. Since it came into existence it has accepted Jewish political refugees from over 50 nations and flown missions at its own expense to rescue Jews from at least 10 nations.
Anti-Zionism has a number of root causes. The following is a non-exhaustive list of the underlying causes of Anti-Zionism:
1) Jewish Blasphemy: There was a prevailing belief among the more religious Jews (Orthodox, Hasidim, Ultra-Orthodox, etc.) that the Galut (the Exile from the Holy Land) was a divine act of punishment because Jews had violated the commandments that God had given them. When God believed that the Jewish people had repented and were ready for the Messiah, this Messiah would come and bring the Jews back to the Holy Land. Until that time, Jews will remain in exile. The Orthodox and some branches of the Hasidim and Ultra-Orthodox eventually came around to supporting the State of Israel, but not on the grounds of it being a Jewish (religious) State. They typically support it because it is a nation with a large percentage of Jewish people. However, there are some very vocal factions in the Hasidic and Ultra-Orthodox communities who see a Return to the Holy Land as being an act of blasphemy because Jews should wait for God to bring them into the Holy Land and not to physically move there of their will.
2) Non-Jewish Holy Sites: Since the Holy Land does not only have Jewish Holy Sites, but also has Christian and Moslem Holy Sites, there was opposition in these communities to Jews having a physical monopoly and control of these holy sites. Therefore, these communities opposed the idea of a Jewish Nation State that could do exactly that.
3) Palestinian Indigenous Rights: The indigenous Palestinians were aggrieved that people from abroad would come to the land that the parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents had lived on and worked for as long as they could remember and buy that land from the Ottomans without consulting them. Moreover, these people had a particular agenda to establish a state on the land they called their own. Understandably, the Palestinians were opposed to the Zionist project for these emotional and political considerations.
4) Arab Nationalism: Arab Nationalism as a movement crystallized in the 1930s and came to the political fore in the 1960s. Arab Nationalism was a movement that sought to create an Arab State or multiple Arab States based on common cultural and historical markers. This movement began to make a tether between Arab cultural identity and Islamic religious identity. This was especially keen in places with large non-Moslem communities because those communities typically worked closely with the European colonizers seen to be repressing the Arab identity. Zionism, which was a movement based on a European cultural identity and a Jewish religious identity was antithetical to the Arab Nationalist movement ideologically and also claimed territory claimed by Arab Nationalists putting them at odds politically.
5) Anti-Semitism: This should be self-evident. The Logic goes thus: Anti-Semites oppose any Jewish aspiration to freedom and/or power. Zionism promotes Self-Determination for the Jewish people which is an aspiration to freedom and power. Therefore, Anti-Semites oppose Zionism.
6) Political Antagonism: If State A has a lot of wars with State B, State A and B will develop a mutual animosity towards each other and their raisons d'être. There are a number of politically independent or partially independent Peoples and States that came into conflict with the Halutzim (Jewish Pioneers in the British Mandate of Palestine), the Haganah et al. (Jewish Militias), and Tzahal (the Israeli Army).
There are currently other additional causes, but these came later as other perspectives were added.
