0
Nuclear Physics
Most commonly known for its applications in nuclear energy and nuclear weapons, Nuclear Physics also has applications in medicine and archaeology. This category is for questions about the branch of physics that deals with the study of the forces, reactions, and internal structures of atomic nuclei, Nuclear Physics.
3,164 Questions
How does Nuclear power cause cancer?
Radioactive elements are made in differnet situations eg. bombarding other elements with the number greater than 92 in the periodic table or they can be made in the accelerators and even When atoms undergo radioactive decay, they change into new substances, because they have lost something of themselves When radioactive elements are used in excess they tend to cause cancer or other types of disability in young children when they are born, also reffered to as mutation. Most people are exposed to high levels of radioactive elements near power stations where they us huge amounts of dangerous chemicals for different purposes. They are then evaporated into the air, soil or even our waterways which affects other organisms and those organisms may be consumed by us. e.g. seafood. People can be affected when they are receiving treatment for other cancers and the doctors may be using other radioactive elements eg. Technetium-99 and Cobalt-60, they are penetrated deep into the body tissues. When they tend to get rid of the affected area of the tissue it may give out radiation and can seriously harm cells and can lead to mutation.
What element do substances become after radioactive decay?
It depends on 1)what the fuel isotope is, 2)how long you wait, and 3)luck.
Plutonium decays into uranium as well as helium(don't quote me on this), then uranium decays one of several ways, where the large chuck of the nucleus is lead, mercury, gold, or another element, depending on the reaction energy
How are antiparticles created?
Antimatter is formed using particle accelerator which shoot protons at near the speed of light and collide two protons this creates 2 anti protons. it also creates mini black holes although they are of no concern to anyone living on earth. although antimatter is typically seen as a potentially lethal bomb for humanity to gather enough to be effective at this time it would take about 200 years, as we gain maybe 40 anti protons a day, and anti protons are very small particles. however if it comes in contact with matter it has the highest energy conversion rate off about 99.9% to pure energy, to give you an idea the average nuclear bomb is about 32%.
What is basic principle and their application of electrical method of applied geophysics?
The basic principle of electrical methods in applied geophysics is to measure the electrical properties of subsurface materials to infer information about the geology and structure of the Earth. This is done by injecting an electrical current into the ground and measuring the resulting potential differences. The applications include mapping subsurface features such as bedrock, groundwater levels, mineral deposits, and detecting contaminants.
What was the nuclear cannon at the end of the film?
The nuclear cannon at the end of the film could refer to a fictional weapon that is part of the story's plot. Typically, in movies, it is a powerful artillery piece designed to fire nuclear warheads for maximum destruction.
What are beta particles emitted from?
Among other things, they are the result of nuclear reactions. Thus, they can be artificially created. Some very high-energy gamma rays come from outer space; it is not always clear how they are created, although it is commonly believed that at least some of them are the result of the creation of black holes.
What is the nuclear radiation that is emitted from natural sources all around us called?
The nuclear radiation emitted from natural sources all around us is called background radiation. It includes radiation from sources like radon gas, cosmic rays, and radioactive materials in soil and rocks. This background radiation is typically low-level and varies depending on geographic location.
What device uses controlled nuclear fission to produce new radioactive substance and energy?
The use of nuclear energy in civilian society is to generate electricity. In the military it is to make bombs (and hopefully not use them). There are also some uses in medicine where radio isotopes can be used for diagnosis and treatment. These isotopes are produced by irradiation in low power reactors which enable short lived radio isotopes to be obtained as required.
What is the change in an mass number after alpha decay?
The mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2 after alpha decay. This is because an alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which are emitted during the decay process.
1. put it in a lead box
2. move it further away
How do you calculate half lives?
The equation for half-life is ...
AT = A0 2 (-T/H)
... where A0 is the starting activity, AT is the activity at some time T, and H is the half-life in units of T.
There are other versions, but they all work out the same way. Using this version, with 2 as the base instead of e, makes it easier to remember.
No, the length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its half-life, not period. The half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to undergo radioactive decay. Period typically refers to the time it takes for a complete cycle of a repeating event.
Why beta particales are harder to stop than alpha particales?
Beta particles have a higher penetrating ability compared to alpha particles because they are smaller and have higher energy levels. This allows beta particles to travel further and penetrate deeper into materials, making them harder to stop than alpha particles. Additionally, beta particles can travel faster than alpha particles, increasing their ability to penetrate materials.
A radiological device (or "dirty bomb") consists of a normal explosive device placed next to (or encased inside of) some sort of radioactive material. Generally speaking, the most likely candidates for this radioactive material are:
Cobalt-60 : obtainable from many medical radiation devices (old NMRI or X-ray machines of various types). While only a few ounces of Co60 would be obtained from any one device, it is rather pure, and finding older devices in junkyards isn't terribly difficult.
Thorium : obtainable from any "rare-earth" mine, as a waste product. It would require some refinement to remove much of the "junk" inside the mine tailings. But this is not terribly difficult. The amount of reprocessing would likely be substantial, however (that is, to get a good amount of Thorium, you'd have to likely reprocess several tons of waste).
Spent Reactor Fuel : this is perhaps ideal. It contains all sorts of various radioactive materials, and in a concentrated form. It is also obtainable with some modest effort.
Uranium tailings : obtained from any uranium mine, the waste tailings are generally sufficiently radioactive to be useful in a radiological bomb. Minor reprocessing to remove non-Uranium (i.e. ordinary rock) from the tailings would significantly improve the purity.
Cesium (particularly Cs-137) : is found in a variety of industrial and medical devices. However, it generally is only found in very very small quantities, or else in some form of compound requiring significant processing to remove the pure Cs. This is probably the least likely source.
Overall, for a well-financed and well-organized terrorist organization, I would think that hijacking or stealing spent reactor fuel is the best source for creating a dirty bomb. If they can set up a small reprocessing plant (which isn't difficult to do) in some remote location, Thorium tailings are the likely choice, since they're much easier to steal and no-one is keeping track of Thorium thefts.
This event is commonly known as a "core meltdown" or "nuclear meltdown." It occurs when the fuel rods in the reactor overheat and melt, breaching the containment structures and potentially affecting the surrounding environment with radiation.
What change takes place in a nuclear fusion reaction?
In a nuclear fusion reaction, two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This energy is generated by the conversion of mass into energy, following Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2.
In a beta particle emission what does the neutron split into?
In beta particle emission, a neutron in the nucleus converts into a proton, an electron (beta particle), and an antineutrino.
Where does the sun's nuclear fusion occur?
The sun's nuclear fusion occurs in its core, where high temperatures and pressures allow hydrogen atoms to combine and form helium, releasing energy in the process. This energy is what fuels the sun and provides heat and light to our solar system.
Name the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus?
Protons and neutrons are held together by the strong nuclear force, they have an attraction towards each other that overpowers the electromagnetic force that repels them. This strong interaction, as it is also known, only works over short distances, microscopic to be exact.
What will an alpha particle change into when it absorbs one electron?
When an alpha particle (helium nucleus) absorbs one electron, it becomes a helium atom. The resulting atom is neutral and has two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons.
Which best describes the forces in the nucleus of a stable atom?
The forces in the nucleus of a stable atom are the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force. The strong nuclear force holds the nucleus together by overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons. The electromagnetic force also plays a role in maintaining the stability of the nucleus.
Roentgenium (AN = 111) was found by a team led by Sigurd Hofmann in 1994. In 2001, his discovery was deemed to have insufficient evidence, but subsequent confirmation in 2002 led to the formal recognition in 2003.
No, in alpha decay the atomic number of the daughter nucleus is decreased by 2 and the mass number is decreased by 4 compared to the isotope undergoing decay. This is because an alpha particle (helium nucleus) is emitted during alpha decay, resulting in a new daughter nucleus with a lower atomic and mass number.
What is the half-life of Cobalt-60?
The half-life of Cobalt-60 is about 5.27 years. This means that in this time, half of the original amount of Cobalt-60 will have decayed into other elements. It is commonly used in medical and industrial applications due to its radioactive properties.
