Nuclear Physics

Quarks are elementary particles that make up protons and neutrons. They are fundamental building blocks of matter and cannot be visualized directly as they are smaller than subatomic particles like electrons. Quarks are studied indirectly through the particles they form and their interactions within particle accelerators.

Notebook paper is not able to stop alpha, beta, or gamma radiation due to its thinness and composition. These types of radiation can easily pass through materials like paper.

15 days

When an object is heated, its atoms become energized and move more rapidly. This causes the atoms to emit photons, which are packets of light energy. The higher the temperature of the object, the more photons are emitted, and the light produced may become visible to the human eye.

Alpha particle is nothing but the He nucleus. He nucleus has two protons and two neturons. So 4 nucleons.

As alpha comes out of the parent nucleus, then the by product ie daughter nucleus would have 2 protons less and 4 nucleons less.

So 88Ra226 after emitting one alpha particle gets changed into 86 Rn 222. Rn is Radon.

So 88Ra226 ----------> 86 Rn 222 + 2 He 4

To find the half-life of an object, you measure the time it takes for half of the original quantity of a substance to decay. This decay process is typically exponential, and the half-life is a characteristic property of the material being studied. Scientists can determine the half-life experimentally by observing the decay of a sample over time.

The question does not make sense. The half-life of bromine-74 is, in fact, 25.4 minutes. In 25 minutes, that 4mg sample will decay to 2mg. In 25 more minutes it will decay to 1mg. In 25 more minutes it will be 0.5mg. And so on and so forth.

If you meant to ask how much will remain after a given period of time, please restate the question.

When astatine-218 undergoes alpha decay, it emits a helium nucleus (alpha particle) and transforms into the new element, polonium-214. This process reduces the atomic number of the nucleus by 2 and the mass number by 4.

Bismuth-214 produces Polonium-214 by beta- decay. It also produces Thallium-210 by alpha decay, though at a much smaller percentage.

Number of protons + Number of neutrons = Mass number(number of nucleons)

The main disadvantage about antimatter is that it must be held away from its "ordinary" particle, preferably in a vacuum. This is because when they come into contact they completely eliminate each other. It's like if you add 1 with -1 it makes zero. However, if held properly, it can be excellent for research as we currently know very little about it. For example we don't know why there is so much more ordinary matter than antimatter.

If it is related to Nuclear studies, then the answer would be fusion.

No, hydrogen does not fission. Fission only occurs in heavy elements that are well past the peak in binding energy per nucleon (where binding energy per nucleon is decreasing), and fusion can only occur in light elements which are in the portion of the binding energy curve where binding energy per nucleon is increasing. When you fission a heavy element or fuse light elements, the product nuclei have higher binding energies per nucleon than the original element. This is where the energy release comes from. Check out the Wikipedia article on nuclear binding energy.

The decay of gold-202 into mercury-202 is an example of beta-minus decay. In this process, a neutron in the gold nucleus is converted into a proton, releasing an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino. This results in the transmutation of the element from gold to mercury.

The sun's surface area is 4pi r2 = 4pi (700 Mm)2 = 6.1575E18 m2

An electron can reach zero velocity by experiencing a slowing force, such as friction, that opposes its motion. Alternatively, if an equal and opposite force acts on the electron to stop its movement, it can also reach zero velocity.

The procedure you are referring to is called a bone scan. Radioactive substances are injected into the body and accumulate in areas of high bone activity. This allows for the detection of abnormalities in the bones through the emission of radioactive particles and subsequent imaging.

Advantages of nobelium: It is used in scientific research to study nuclear properties. Disadvantages of nobelium: It is highly radioactive and has a short half-life, making it difficult to study and work with.

Its an arbitrary designation, used, sometimes, by convention. We could just as easily have used parent-child or father-son. In fact, they are also called progeny or simply decay products. To be honest, I don't know the origin. I suppose it might be like why we call sea-faring vessels "she".

Supernova nucleosynthesis is the process where new elements heavier than iron are created through nuclear fusion when a star goes supernova. During the "normal" life of a star, it fuses hydrogen into helium, and also fuses lighter nuclei together to make heavier nuclei, at least up through iron. But after the star completes the fusion of much of its bulk into iron, it no longer continues to function as a fusion engine. The fusion processes up through those that produce iron are all exothermic, and this released energy sustains further fusion throughout the life of the star. Toward the end of its life, the star can no longer operate the "regular" way it was in normal stellar nucleosynthesis. Recall that fusion is releasing huge quantities of energy and trying to "blow up" the star, but massive gravity keeps everything together. These two forces, fusion and gravity, operate at equilibrium. After exhausting most of it fuel creating iron, gravity wins and the star collapses. This collapse adds to the star's energy, and the collapse will add tremendous quantities of heat to the stellar plasma. This heat will provide energy for the endothermic fusion reactions that create the trans-iron elements and the star will go supernova, if it is of sufficient mass. With all the extra heat provided by the collapse of a sufficiently massive star, the fusion engine will be jump started. The heat-consuming fusion reactions that create the trans-iron elements will have the energy they need to drive them, and the supernova will create lots of material with nuclei heavier than iron. Additionally, this material will be blown across the universe to fertilize other newly forming solar systems. Links are provided below for more information.

Light waves are electromagnetic waves that can propagate through vacuum since they do not require a medium for transmission. Sound waves, on the other hand, are mechanical waves that require a medium (such as air, water, or solids) to propagate because they rely on the particles in the medium to transfer energy from one point to another.

Rutherford said the deflection of an alpha particle was like firing a bullet at tissue paper and having it bounce back. This analogy conveyed the unexpected result that particles were being deflected backwards, suggesting the presence of a concentrated positive charge in the atom's nucleus.

An eighth.

I don't know how you arrived at that conclusion. But let say you're correct and there are some scientist that resort to circular reasoning; the finding will surely be debunked by other scientist and the original scientist will surely be disgraced. This is what separate evolution from creation; Creation is based on the supernatural and the faithful should believe the inerrancy of the Bible no matter what.