Operating Systems

There are many OSs avalible for PCs. The most popular ones are Windows, Macintosh, and Linux.

dos and windows 3.0 up to windows 95

The ping command. Traceroute is also useful, but I would start by using the ping command.

The ping command. Traceroute is also useful, but I would start by using the ping command.

The ping command. Traceroute is also useful, but I would start by using the ping command.

The ping command. Traceroute is also useful, but I would start by using the ping command.

A uniprocessor system is a computersystem with a single central processing unit. As more and more computers employ multiprocessingarchitectures, such as SMP and MPP, the term is used to refer to systems that still have only oneCPU. Most desktop computers are now shipped with multiprocessing architectures.

My advice would be to stick with XP Pro. Wait for awhile before you upgrade to Vista, let MS work out the bugs.

Problems Stealing or copying a user's files; Writing over another program's (belonging to another user or to the OS) area in memory; Using system resources (CPU, disk space) without proper accounting; Causing the printer to mix output by sending data while some other user's file is printing.

Windows or Linux would be the best system for watching movies online.

Security is one of the key concern of a database administrator. Security can be added to the user, object etc. An object (table,views,stored procedures etc) can have multiple permissions. A database administrator can grant revoke permissions to the objects. Security is implemented based on the data sensitiveness also. If there is a table for password, make sure that only it's encrypted and can be accessible through administrator only.

Multitasking.

An operating system, also known as an OS, is the software that makes a computer usable. The kernel is merely the "core" or lowest level of an operating system. The kernel provides numerous callable routines that allow other software to access files, display text and graphics, get input from a keyboard or mouse, and other such capabilities.

The operating systems that we come across today, generally have many features which are not the necessary features to make a system work. But these features are required to make the interaction with the system easier. Such features include graphical interface, file management, process management, shell, etc. These features rely on the core part of the OS (called as kernel) to run and provide interface to the user or other application programs. It is to be realized that these features are inevitable, and only a kernel alone is of no use to the user.

An operating system also includes utilities that use the kernel. For example, MS-DOS provides a program known as COMMAND.COM, which is the program that allows a human to use the operating system. Windows Explorer, the MacOS Finder, and the various UNIX shells offer similar functionality. Other OS utilities may include a file manager, a software installer, and other items that are necessary to make the computer useful (never mind some don't find computers useful in the first place :) ).

Read only files.

The system disk is the partition from which the operating system was loaded at startup.

No, the Registry is a feature of Microsoft Windows only.

Neither the original Mac OS or the newer Mac OS X have ever used a Registry, Mac OS X is based on Unix which has never used a Registry.

some UNIX -like system

They are treated exactly like two separate CPUs. Any operating system that can use multiple CPUs can also use a processor with multiple internal cores, with no changes needed to the code.

1. BIOS (basic input/ output services)

Both allow to accomplish a determined goal, but a procedure is restricted by ordered steps and is limited to some resources, in spite of an operation that might get the desired effect by any means and not necessarily following ordered steps.

yes if the drive is full or of large capacity the disk searches for the file (a bootup) which takes a long time. but its not a fact

• Windows: Everything is presented to user graphically
• Mac OSX
• Linux running xWindows

A batch system is one in which jobs are bundled together with the instructions necessary to allow them to be processed without intervention.

Often jobs of a similar nature can be bundled together to further increase economy

The basic physical layout of the memory of a batch job computer is shown below:

--------------------------------------

| |

| Monitor (permanently resident) |

| |

--------------------------------------

| |

| User Space |

| (compilers, programs, data, etc.) |

| |

--------------------------------------

The monitor is system software that is responsible for interpreting and carrying out the instructions in the batch jobs. When the monitor started a job, it handed over control of the entire computer to the job, which then controlled the computer until it finished.

A sample of several batch jobs might look like:

$JOB user_spec; identify the user for accounting purposes

$FORTRAN; load the FORTRAN compiler

source program cards

$LOAD; load the compiled program

$RUN; run the program

data cards

$EOJ; end of job

$JOB user_spec; identify a new user

$LOAD application

$RUN

data

$EOJ

Often magnetic tapes and drums were used to store intermediate data and compiled programs.

Advantages of batch systems

move much of the work of the operator to the computer

increased performance since it was possible for job to start as soon as the previous job finished

Disadvantages

turn-around time can be large from user standpoint

more difficult to debug program

due to lack of protection scheme, one batch job can affect pending jobs (read too many cards, etc)

a job could corrupt the monitor, thus affecting pending jobs

a job could enter an infinite loop

As mentioned above, one of the major shortcomings of early batch systems was that there was no protection scheme to prevent one job from adversely affecting other jobs.

The solution to this was a simple protection scheme, where certain memory (e.g. where the monitor resides) were made off-limits to user programs. This prevented user programs from corrupting the monitor.

To keep user programs from reading too many (or not enough) cards, the hardware was changed to allow the computer to operate in one of two modes: one for the monitor and one for the user programs. IO could only be performed in monitor mode, so that IO requests from the user programs were passed to the monitor. In this way, the monitor could keep a job from reading past it's on $EOJ card.

To prevent an infinite loop, a timer was added to the system and the $JOB card was modified so that a maximum execution time for the job was passed to the monitor. The computer would interrupt the job and return control to the monitor when this time was exceeded.

There is no correct answer without qualifying which multiuser systems are being discussed. All modern operating systems have inherited traits and abilities from other older multiuser systems. There are multiple multiuser operating systems currently in use. IBM has their mainframe system (Z/os) as well as IBM i, both multiuser systems are unique from each other and from other systems. IBM also has AIX, a descendant of unix. Current unix systems go back to the original proprietary AT&T unix implementation in the 1970's and 1960's. Unix itself was modeled after a multiuser system called Multics. Linux was modeled after unix but written independently of it. Microsoft Windows NT was designed by Dave Cutler who brought his experience in developing OpenVMS with him. All other Microsoft Window implementations follow from that.

While it hasn't been confirmed by Nintendo, others have reported that the Wii uses a proprietary version of the Linux kernel, designed in-house by Nintendo. Although Linux is an open-source OS, keep in mind that the Wii is still a closed system, a license is required to develop for it, and it is programmed only to execute signed code. An un-hacked Wii will not run any old Linux program you may have lying around.

No. Before MS-DOS ever existed, Digital Research had a disk operating system called CP/M for 8-bit Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80 based microcomputers. Bill Gates bought the original MS-DOS from a programmer at Seattle Computer Products named Tim Paterson who had developed a variant of CP/M-80 as an internal product for testing SCP's new16-bit Intel 8086 CPU card. The system was initially named QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System), before being made commercially available as 86-DOS. Microsoft purchased 86-DOS, allegedly for $50,000. This became Microsoft Disk Operating System, MS-DOS, introduced in 1981.