Poisons and Toxins

Botulinum toxin injections can help with spasticity by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, reducing muscle activity and spasm. This can help improve range of motion and muscle function in individuals with spasticity.

No ATP production. Remember, the hydrogen ions pumped into the intermembrane space need to come down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase to power ATP synthesis. No hydrogen ion buildup, no ATP synthesis.

That type of biological agent is known as a toxin. Toxins can disrupt an organism's normal physiological functions, leading to illness or death by overwhelming the body's ability to eliminate the poison produced by the agent.

A gas giant often has a thick atmosphere composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. These planets typically have no solid surface and may have many moons and planetary rings. They are much larger than terrestrial planets like Earth and are located farther from their host star.

antigen

Eating or touching arsenic can lead to severe poisoning, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and ultimately damage to the organs like the liver and kidneys. Ingesting or being exposed to high levels of arsenic can be fatal if not treated promptly.

If a toxin stops the movement of hydrogen ions outside the mitochondrial membranes of a bird's cells, it would likely disrupt the process of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in the mitochondria. This could lead to a decrease in energy production, impacting various cellular functions and potentially causing cell damage or death.

Cyanide acts at the level of the cell mitochondria (the cell's energy factory) to stop the utilization of oxygen in the formation of energy (adenotriphosphates - ATP). Without this energy (ATP), cells cannot function and ultimately die.

Cyanide has the same effect in humans... you can die of cyanide poisoning.

Organisms can get rid of toxins through various mechanisms such as detoxification enzymes, biochemical reactions, and excretion through organs like the liver, kidneys, and skin. Some organisms also have specialized structures or behaviors to eliminate toxins, such as shedding skin or sequestering toxins in specific compartments. Additionally, some microbes in the gut can metabolize or bind toxins before they are absorbed by the organism.

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was identified in cigarettes smoke but very probably the concentration is not important for health.

Far more significant is the nicotine content of cigarettes. Nicotine is a deadlier posion (by ld50) and is also addictive.

Poison can be found in various products such as household cleaners, pesticides, and some plants. It is important to handle these substances with caution and follow safety guidelines to avoid harm.

i believe the concentration becomes greater as you move up the food chain, or up the biomass pyramid, meaning that the highest level of consumer has the highest amount of toxicity. I always thought it was the other way around but I've done some research and that's what I found.

The bird will stop flying because it will quickly use up its remaining energy.

Yes, some varieties of manioc plants contain cyanide compounds in their roots. Proper processing methods such as peeling, soaking, and cooking can help to reduce the levels of these toxins, making the plant safe for consumption.

One example of a poison that is an enzyme inhibitor but not a heavy metal is cyanide. Cyanide binds to cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme involved in cellular respiration, disrupting the production of ATP and leading to cellular death. It is a potent poison that interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen.

Bacteria produce toxins as a byproduct. They are formed when the bacteria produce energy for themselves by changing one substance into another, and in some cases, there are byproducts, some of which can be toxins.

Antimony can produce toxic effects in the body primarily through its compounds, such as antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide. These compounds can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms if ingested. Chronic exposure to antimony compounds can lead to more serious health effects, including lung damage and cardiovascular issues.

Virulence is the degree of pathogenicity within a types of parasites. The factors of virulence are the colonization of a niche in the host, immunoevasion, immunosuppression, entry and exit of cells and obtaining nutrition from the host.

No, quartz itself is not poisonous. It is a common mineral found in rocks and soils and is generally safe to handle. However, inhalation of fine quartz dust during activities like cutting or grinding quartz can be harmful to the lungs over time, so appropriate precautions should be taken when working with quartz.

The biological toxin you are referring to is likely a chemotherapeutic agent such as methotrexate. This drug targets rapidly dividing cells, including those in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, leading to side effects such as oral and skin ulcerations, as well as gastrointestinal bleeding. By inhibiting cell proliferation, these toxins can effectively target cancer cells but also affect normal rapidly dividing cells.

Lead is an element that is poisonous if ingested, causing a variety of health issues. It has been replaced in many applications, such as in paint and gasoline, with less harmful substances to reduce the risk of lead exposure and poisoning.