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Quantum Mechanics

Quantum Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of the structure and behavior of atoms and molecules. It is primarily based on Max Planck's Quantum theory, which incorporates Heisenberg's uncertainly principle and the de Broglie wavelength to establish the wave-particle duality on which Schrodinger's equation is based.

916 Questions

Why the wave function must be normalized?

It has to do with probabilities. The area under the curve of a wavefunction can be whatever you want it to be. You normalize the curve to have the total probability equal to 1, which makes the mathematics a lot easier. We do this with statistics and probabilities all the time.

Is it precise mechanics or percise mechanics?

The correct spelling is 'precise mechanics.' 'Precise' means exact or accurate, so precise mechanics refers to detailed and accurate mechanics in a specific context.

What is the difference of Thomson's Raisin Bun and Bohr's Solar System model?

  • In Thomson's model of the atom the electrons were imbedded in the mass of the atom (like raisins in a bun) directly with the protons and neutrons.
  • In Bohr's model the electrons "orbited" a central nucleus composed of the protons and neutrons (like planets orbiting the sun)

The analogies of both were highly inaccurate compared to what both theories actually said. Bohr's theory correctly predicted spectral lines and Thomson's didn't.

What does it mean to have the property of fluorescence?

Fluorescence is the property, or ability, of a substance to emit light, usually by absorbing energy of one wavelength and emitting light energy of a longer (lower energy) wavelength.

Commonly, the term is used to refer to substances emitting light in the visible range, but it can occur outside this range as well. For instance, most substances emit in the infra-red range.

How do they know how small the universe was before the big bang?

We know how big it is now, we know how old it is, and we know the rate of expansion. Its like rewinding a movie that you started in the middle. We just rewind the known universe as it is now. We dont know how big it was before the big bang but we know how big it was at the initial kaboom.

Why schrodinger equation for a rigid rotator is used to know?

I'm not sure what your question is asking, but I can try to give an answer.

The rotation of molecules, for example, are quantized at the quantum scale. We can use the rigid rotor model from classical physics to help describe the potential part of the Hamiltonian operator, as well as the form of the wave equation needed to find the energy of a particular rotational state.

It would be similar to using the simple harmonic oscillator to model the potentials and wavefunctions needed needed calculate the energy of vibrational levels of a molecule.

How did John von Neumann achieve his goal?

John von Neumann achieved his goal through his groundbreaking work in mathematics, physics, and computer science. He made significant contributions to game theory, quantum mechanics, computer architecture, and the development of the atomic bomb. Von Neumann's ability to think abstractly and apply his insights across multiple disciplines helped him achieve success in his pursuits.

What is the significance of uncertainty principle in your daily life?

The uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely we can know certain pairs of properties of a particle. While this concept might not directly impact our daily lives in obvious ways, it underpins our understanding of the behavior of particles at the quantum level, which has implications for technology, such as in the development of quantum computing and modern electronics.

Will matter exist even without ideas?

Matter can only 'be'. It's existence is only an idea. For the convenience of analysis, we can think that matter 'exists'. To exist, it needs not an idea but the fourth dimension, that is time. Something that has length, breadth and height can not be said to have existed, if it had not gone through a duration of at least a split-second. So matter can exist without ideas, but can not without duration.

What is meant by fbd in mechanics?

FBD stands for Free Body Diagram. In mechanics, a Free Body Diagram is a visual representation of an object with all the external forces acting on it shown as vectors. It helps in analyzing the forces acting on the object and determining its motion or equilibrium.

Why is it not necessary to dertemine accurately the cell constant of the conductance cell before carrying ou the experiment?

Although determining the cell constant accurately is ideal for precise measurements, it is not always necessary before conducting the experiment. As long as the conductance cell is properly calibrated, any variations in the cell constant can be accounted for in the calculations. The key is consistency in the calibration process to ensure reliable and reproducible results.

Can we apply schrodinger's wave equation to a particle having velocity comparable with the velocity of the light?

The equation, as originally written by Erwin Schrodinger, does not use relativity. More complicated versions of his original equation, which do incorporate relativity, have been developed.

For more information, please see the related link below.

What is 'fermion sign' problem?

The "fermion sign problem" refers to a computational challenge in quantum many-body problems when simulating systems of fermions using Monte Carlo methods. As fermions follow the Pauli exclusion principle, the wavefunction must be antisymmetric under particle exchange. This can lead to an exponentially growing number of configurations needed to accurately simulate the system, making calculations computationally demanding or impractical.

What happens if a hollow prism is used?

Using a hollow prism would result in light passing through it without being refracted or dispersed, as there is no medium inside to cause the bending of light. This would make the prism essentially transparent and not useful for deflecting or separating light.

Formula between Current and luminous intensity?

Any formula relating those two quantities must depend on the technique used to generate

light by means of electric current.

We know that there can't be one universal formula because, for example, we know that

a compact fluorescent lamp uses less current to produce more luminous intensity than an

incandescent lamp.

What are the limitations of Wien's law?

Wien's law is limited in that it is only accurate for objects that behave like blackbodies, meaning they absorb and radiate all incident energy equally. It also applies only to idealized objects that emit radiation in a perfect thermal equilibrium. Real-world objects may deviate from these ideal conditions, leading to inaccuracies in predictions made using Wien's law.

Where do magnets get their energy to do work like attraction and repulsion?

Permanent magnets have a magnetic field around them. This field is an "area" of force, and the force is derived directly from the uniform motion of a large number of electrons in the ferromagnetic material. Moving electrons generate a tiny magnetic field around their path of travel, and this is the basis of the magnetic force. The "blocks" of atoms that have uniformly moving electrons are called magnetic domains. The aligned domains allow an "over all" magnetic field to be detected and even used by an investigator. The field will interact with ferromagnetic material to attract it, or will, when moved "past" any conductor, induce a voltage in that conductor.

A pair of magnets will attract or repel, depending on how they are held or placed. The magnetic field of each one will interact with the field of the other, and the lines of force will push or pull, as suggested.

Why you are not using applicator for photon in radiotherapy?

Applicators are not typically used for photon beams in radiotherapy because photons are highly penetrating and do not require collimation or shaping like electron beams. Instead, photon beams are shaped using multileaf collimators or other beam-shaping devices to conform to the tumor while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Additionally, applicators are commonly used for electron beams to shape and modulate the dose distribution.

What are opinions on the Amega Wand zero point energy device?

The Amega Wand does not work by any known scientific principles. It is a "metaphysical tool" that is said to work on the principle of zero point energy. But a number of people are buying the device, and some are selling them based on a belief or hope that the device works, or just to try it to find out.

The basic idea that a device without a method of operation that can be described using "standard" scientific terms suggests that the device is a scam. But business is business. If there is a "legitimate" market, there will be sellers. And those sellers might want to make more money by hooking more sellers (the "would-be" sellers) into the chain. Many people would consider this business activity a scam.

Why does a wave function has to be finite?

The requirement on a wave function is not that it has to be finite but that it has to be finite when integrated over all of space, although the first usually follows from the second (there are exceptions).

This is because integrating a wave function over a region of space gives a measure of finding the particle (or whatever the wave function describes) in that region of space.

Now, one would reasonably expect that if one would integrate over all of space one would find a finite answer. This is because the chance to find the particle somewhere should be 100%. If the integral is infinite this means the chances of finding the particle are also infinite, which is not a sensible concept in chance theory.

Why we get circular rings in newton's ring exp?

It is due to the reflection of light between two surfaces, which are the spherical surface and its adjacent flat surface. The light frequency depends on the height of

the air column between both surfaces. When these points are equal the light reflects

from both creating equal brightness. When light is bent, it is reflected by the flat surface and creates dark and bright fringes.

What is quantom theory?

Quantum theory is a very complicated mathematical theory that describes the microscopic world and three of the four known forces, the strong force, the weak force, and electromagnetism. General relativity describes the fourth, gravity. It has proposed some very radical things, that are very mathematical and complicated. However, almost all of these have been proved. Look it up on Wikipedia if you want specifics, but if your not a mathematician it will make your eyes bleed.

Is it possible to create a digital world and transfer your DNA into digital DNA like in the movie TRON?

With our current technology not really. We do have simple Virtual Reality equipment, that can make it seem like you are in a room, with objects you can manipulate etc. but we cannot place a full human being physically into a virtual world.

Do mechanics help people?

Yes, mechanics play a crucial role in helping people by ensuring their vehicles are in safe and working condition. They diagnose and repair issues, providing a valuable service that helps individuals stay mobile and reduces the risk of accidents due to vehicle malfunctions.

Why the spin of photons are regulated?

The spin of photons is an intrinsic property that determines their angular momentum and polarization. Regulation of photon spin is essential for understanding their behavior in various physical phenomena, including interactions with matter and electromagnetic waves. This property plays a crucial role in the behavior of light in quantum mechanics and is a fundamental aspect of the nature of photons.