Scoliosis is not caused by carrying heavy objects (such as heavy school bags on one shoulder), sports or physical activities, poor standing or sleeping postures, or a lack of calcium in the diet. Scoliosis affects the whole body.

* Scoliosis is viewed (in general) as a lateral curvature of the spine with an axial twist that causes a distortion of the ribs. * Current research shows that idiopathic scoliosis (hereafter called, AIS) is a multifaceted disease that compromises five of the body's systems: digestive, hormonal, muscular, osseous (bones), and neurological. * Scoliosis affects the entire skeletal system including the spine, ribs, and pelvis. It impacts upon the brain and central nervous system and affects the body's hormonal and digestive systems. It can deplete the body's nutritional resources and damage its major organs including the heart and lungs. * Some factors that can cause scoliosis include: cerebral palsy, birth defects, muscular dystrophy and Marfan syndrome. However, 80% of scoliosis is idiopathic (cause unknown). * According to the International Scoliosis Society, one in nine females and a smaller percentage of males have some sign of scoliosis. * Approximately 4% of the general population is affected. While the average patient is between 10-15 years of age, many adults do suffer also. * Conditions arising as a result of scoliosis include rib deformity, shortness of breath, digestive problems, chronic fatigue, acute or dull back pain, leg, hip, and knee, acute headaches, mood swings, and menstrual disturbances. * Scoliosis is a progressive condition that can continue to progress even after skeletal maturity. Millions of scoliosis sufferers are routinely misinformed about the accelerating nature of their spinal curvature progression. Should Scoliosis not be monitored in a patient and the curve progresses it could potentially squash other major organs of the body, the result of this could be death, however, it is not common in the west for people to die of Scoliosis anymore as the health care is second to non.

You can't. But you can use a brace or have surgerydone.

ITs is very hard tho so ya be very aware very rare do people come out alive out of the surgery

Disks are the "shock absorbers" between the bones of the spine [veterbra].

They are shaped essentially like a hocky puck and are filled with a thick material.

If the disk becomes worn out in an area it will bulge out, like a bubble. If the bubble [herniated area] bulges against a nerve about to leave the spine you'll get a lot of burning pain along where the nerve runs [like down the back of the leg with sciatica].

Roughly 70% of the herniated disks heal themselves within a few short weeks and scar in place, rarely to bother you again.

Those that don't heal, eventually MAY require surgery...

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Current research has suggested that a bulging disk does not necessarily cause pain by compressing nerves, but more likely by sensitizing nerves through local inflammation factors released by damaged cells and cells of the immune system (cytokines). Thus, over time as the inflammation goes down the pain will also go away. Usually, even after the pain is gone the disk bulge or herniation will remain, sometimes contacting nerves or even the spinal cord. It has been suggested that as many as 30% of the population has one or more asymptomatic (non-painful) disk bulges (1-4). It is likely a normal part of aging, so unless it is causing you pain, don't panic :)

1) Saal, Joel S.; Franson, Richard C.; Dobrow, Robert; Saal, Jeffrey A.; White, Arthur H.; Goldthwaite, Noel. High Levels of Inflammatory Phospholipase A2 Activity in Lumbar Disc Herniations. Spine. 1990; Volume 15 - Issue 7

2) Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. N Engl J Med 1994;331:69 --73.

3) Boden SD, Davis DO, Dina TS, Patronas NJ, Wiesel SW. Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation. J Bone Joint Surg 1990;72:403-- 8.

4) Jarvik JJ, Hollingworth W, Heagerty P, Haynor DR, Deyo RA. The longitudinal assessment of Imaging and disability of the back (LAIDBack) Study: baseline data. Spine 2001;26:1158--66.

Scoliosis is not caused by carrying heavy objects (such as heavy school bags on one shoulder), sports or physical activities, poor standing or sleeping postures, or a lack of calcium in the diet. Scoliosis affects the whole body.

If the part of the spine that is in the chest, called the thoracic Scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine, the presence of which is abnormal, its name is derived from the Greek word for curvature. It can be disfiguring because when the spine bends to the side, the vertebrae (the individual bones that make up the spine) become twisted and pull the ribs round with them, which sometimes form a "bulge" on the back and cause the shoulder blade to stick out. Click here to read about bone structure.

The causes of scoliosis are many, and although we well understand the consequences, the origins of this condition remain complex and obscure. There are two main types of scoliosis-namely, idiopathic (no known cause) and syndromic (the curvature is part of a recognised disease pattern, such as Marfan's syndrome). Idiopathic scoliosis accounts for most spinal curvatures and they may either be of early onset, before age seven years, or late onset, after that age and usually in adolescence. There is a definite genetic connection, with around 25% of those with a scoliosis have a direct relative with a curvature. 80% of adolescence idiopathic scoliosis arises in girls, and 80% of these girls have their rib prominence on the right side.

If the part of the spine that is in the chest, called the thoracic spine, curves more than 90°, the volume of the chest can be reduced so much that the function of the heart and lungs may become compromised. The heart may have to work harder to pump the normal volume of blood, or the affected individual may have difficulty breathing.

Severe curvature of the lower half of the spine that connects the chest with the pelvis, known as the lumbar spine, may push the contents of the abdomen against the chest and in this way interfere with function of the heart and lungs indirectly. In addition, curvature of the lumbar spine may alter sitting balance and posture.

Severe curvature of the either the thoracic or the lumbar spine, or both, eventually will become visible to others. The resulting tilting and twisting of the back, shoulders and pelvis, and in turn can affect the individuals regarding appearance that the individual finds unacceptable. When one considers that the most common scenario for Idiopathic Scoliosis is a girl at around the time of puberty, when body image is developing hand in hand with self-esteem, this can pose significant psychological and emotional challenges.

There is no clear evidence that untreated Scoliosis, or Scoliosis treated with bracing or spinal fusion, will increase the risk of back pain or arthritis in the long term. Progression of spinal curvature is inversely related to maturity.

After maturity, curves under 50° will remain stable and stay that way, i.e. they do not progress. For this reason, the ultimate goal of Scoliosis management is to keep curves under 50° until maturity. Children with curves under 50° will grow up into adults who will have no significant problems related to their Scoliosis.

10°-30° Observation.

In this range, scoliosis is observed for progression. The measurement error in reading X-rays is up to 4°. This means that a difference of 4° between office visits may not be real, but rather a reflection of the inherent inaccuracies of measuring X-rays. Partly because of this, significant progression is defined as an increase in curvature of at least 5°. The typical rate of progression is 1°/month, so it would take at least 5 months to see significant progression. As a result, the child is seen every 6 months for follow-up, which includes both physical and X-ray examinations.

30°-50° Bracing

....is the standard of care in the United States. The Scoliosis brace is known as a TLSO, which stands for Thoraco-Lumbar Spinal Orthotic. The idea behind bracing is to keep the progression of the curve stable so that it stays under 50º. An X-ray taken in a brace shows that the brace does straighten the spine, but at best the spine will return to its original curvature when the brace is

removed. The 2 principal types used are the Milwaukee and Boston brace. (for more info on these braces use the search provided)

More than 50° Fusion

Beyond 50°, the spine loses its ability to compensate, and progression becomes inevitable even after the child is mature. The only way to stop progression at this stage is spinal fusion.

The spine can bend towards either side of the body at any place, in the chest area (thoracic scoliosis), in the lower part of the back (lumbar), or above and below these areas (thoracolumbar). It can even bend twice, causing an S-shaped curve. When the curve is S-shaped (double curvature) it is often not noticeable and the person can appear quite straight because the two curves counteract each other. If the curve is low down in the spine, the ribs will not be affected but one hip may be higher than the other.

Scoliosis is, surprisingly, quite common. About three or four children per thousand of the general population will need specialist supervision, and about one child in every thousand will need hospital treatment usually for major corrective surgery with the insertion of a metal rod, sometimes followed by a period in a plaster jacket or brace. Scoliosis can develop at any time during childhood and adolescence. It might develop in infancy, in which case there is a good chance of it resolving with growth. Progressive (worsening) early onset curvatures are potentially serious, and some of these may need surgical treatment. Late onset scoliosis is less serious, but some will need surgery and all need to be seen by a scoliosis specialist who can keep an eye on the situation and give some idea about the future. Severe deformity, which is uncommon nowadays because of modern treatment, can lead to damaged lung function, or disability in middle age. The lungs are usually affected only in people with untreated early onset thoracic scoliosis, when the upper (chest) part of the spine is curved.

A developmental disorder, Scoliosis is rarely present at birth (congenital Scoliosis). It can develop in infancy or early childhood and it is sometimes caused by rare childhood disorders. However, it is most common in early teenage years, when, especially at the start of the adolescent growth spurt, it can progress rapidly.

Treatment at this age is usually corrective surgery.

There is contradictory evidence as to whether early discovery and treatment of a curve improves the long-term outcome, but we know that if curves are discovered too late, when they are already severe, the results of surgery can be compromised. Therefore, awareness of scoliosis and what it can mean for an individual among General Practitioners and physical education teachers in schools is regarded as important, so that early referral to a specialist in scoliosis is achieved. Treatment in a scoliosis centre will usually prevent unsatisfactory long-term results.

Scoliosis has been recorded since the days of the ancient Greeks, but its cause is still unknown - Idiopathic Scoliosis. Orthopaedic surgeons specialising in scoliosis and scientists in many countries continue to research the cause, or causes, of the condition.