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Blood
Blood is a bodily fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues. In many species, it also carries hormones and disease-fighting substances. In this category, you will find questions about the blood in your body, including blood types, blood diseases, and the function of blood.
9,936 Questions
How much blood loss in an infant with a blood volume of 800 ml before going into shock?
Dear Fellow EMT student: According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the answer is 100-200ml. (B)
Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be most common in a normal blood smear?
Neutrophils
Why are hematocrits hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts generally lowerthan Iin males?
Testosterone promotes the production of hemoglobin.
What functins does the blood have?
Blood carries oxygen round the body; arteries are the vessels that take it from the heart after it has been oxygenated by the lungs, while veins carry it back to the heart when it has been depleted of oxygen.
How does ventilation help maintain a difference in oxygen concentration?
As it circulates, the oxygen diffuses into the blood via the alveolar wall, this then transfer the oxygen to the red blood cells, as diffusion occurs at this point, oxygen diffuses from a high concentration to a low concentration, so the oxygen diffuses into the blood whereas the CO2 diffuses into the alveoli and then out of the mouth when we expire.
Where does oxygen leave the blood?
When the blood is pumped through the body, it delivers essential oxygen for cells to function. When the blood becomes oxygen-poor, it goes past the lungs, in which the gas exchange, where the oxygen poor blood releases carbon dioxide, which is a bi product of the system (and is to be breathed out), and retrieves the air from the lungs, to begin the process again.
How long does it take for blood to clot?
This is dependent entirely on how large the clot is, where it is at, how the person's blood chemistry is, and so on. The short answer is- each situation is entirely unique and assessed on an individual basis.
What are the substances carried by blood and their functions?
Blood carries oxygen through out your body. Your lungs inhale oxygen and the blood cells carry the oxygen to your heart. Then the heart makes more blood cells to carry more oxygen to pump more blood.
Oxygen moves from the lungs into blood through the walls of what?
That would be the heart. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart's left ventricle, it then travels through the left atrium and out the aorta into the arteries and then the arterioles. It then enters the capillaries, here the oxygen diffuses into the cells of the body, and carbon dioxide diffused into the capillaries and bloodstream. The blood then continues to the veinoles, veins and back into the heart through the inferior or superior vena cava, into the right ventricle, right atrium and out through the pulmonary artery to collect oxygen from the lungs again. So starting from the beginning, the diagram of blood flow is as follows:
Lungs - pulmonary vein - left ventricle - left atrium - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - veinoles - veins - superior/inferior vena cava - right ventricle - right atrium - pulmonary artery. And the cycle continues :)
How do you raise red blood count after chemotherapy?
FIlters the unhealthy sells.
To stop disease by engulfing and digesting microorganisms or creating anti-bodies to combat microorganisms. They make up the immune system keeping the human body healthy and disease free.
Basically, red blood cells carry oxygen the the organs, and white blood cells fight off disease.
Does having blood in my urine constantly mean I could have bladder cancer?
Not necessarily, but it does mean that you need to get to a doctor quickly and get it checked out.
Hypochromia (as in hypochromic anemia) is the medical term meaning deficiency in hemoglobin.
It's necessary to match the donor and recipient blood types to prevent hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), clot formation, renal failure, and death. If blood types are incorrectly mixed, the antibodies of one may attack the antigens of the other.
For example, type A blood contains A angtigens on the surface and anti-B antibodies. Type B blood contains B antigens on the surface and anti-A antibodies. If type A blood is donated to a recipient of type B blood, the recipient's anti-A antibodies will attack the type A's A antigens. Red blood cells will be destroyed and the host's body will develop blood clots, release toxins that will result in death.
Type O blood can generally be given to anyone. It's known as the "universal donor" because it contains A and B antibodies but NO antigens. The recipient's body will accept the blood. However, type O blood can ONLY receive type O blood. Otherwise, it's anti-A and anti-B antibodies will attack the received blood.
Type AB blood can generally receive any blood type. It's known as the "universal recipient." Type AB has both A and B antigens but no antibodies. Therefore, it accepts any antigens. However, type AB blood can only be donated to another person of type AB blood. Otherwise, the host's anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies will attack the A and/or B antigens of the AB blood.
This was just a basic summary, and didn't take into consideration the Rhesus factor (positive and negative blood types).
There are 30 blood types recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion.
Have a great day.
Bria Roberts
Lower RBC count which could be caused due to specific iron deficiency diseases. For example, Hemacromatosis would be considered a chronic iron def. disease
Haemoblobin and fibrin
Some more:
Fibirin
Gamma Globulin
Myosin
Hexokinase
Insulin
Collagen
Can elevated serum ketone levels elevate the blood alcohol concentration levels?
One reference to J Forensic Sci. 1995 Jul;40(4):686-7.
states:
We report the identification of acetone (0.45mg/mL) and isopropanol (0.17 mg/mL) but without the presence of ethanolin a blood sample from a man suspected of driving under the influenceof alcohol. A preliminary breath screening test with an electrochemicalinstrument (Alcolmeter S-L2) was positive and an evidential breath-testwith a dual wavelength infrared analyzer (Intoxilyzer 5000), recognizedthe presence of an interferant in the subject's breath. The manadmitted drinking moderate amounts of alcohol (vodka) the previousevening and was being treated by his doctor for hyperglycemia byspecial dietary control. This case scenario provides a good example ofsevere metabolic ketoacidosis in an ostensibly healthy man driving on the highway. Biotransformation of the abnormally high concentration ofblood-acetone to isopropanol occurs through the alcohol dehydrogenasepathway.
PMID: 7595310 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Another reference (more recent) is even more interesting as it relates to to a person on a low carb high fat diet (like Atkins).
Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Mar;31(3):559-61. Epub 2006 Aug 8
A 59-year-old man undergoing weight loss with verylow calorie diets (VLCD) attempted to drive a car, which was fittedwith an alcohol ignition interlock device, but the vehicle failed tostart. Because the man was a teetotaller, he was surprised and upset bythis result. VLCD treatment leads to ketonemia with high concentrationsof acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate in the blood. Theinterlock device determines alcohol (ethanol) in breath byelectrochemical oxidation, but acetone does not undergo oxidation withthis detector. However, under certain circumstances acetone is reducedin the body to isopropanol by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Theignition interlock device responds to other alcohols (e.g. methanol,n-propanol and isopropanol), which therefore explains thefalse-positive result. This 'side effect' of ketogenic diets needsfurther discussion by authorities when people engaged insafety-sensitive work (e.g. bus drivers and airline pilots) submit torandom breath-alcohol tests.
PMID: 16894360 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Not likely. Ethanol in blood tests is usually determined enzymatically, with alcohol dehydrogenase. Interference from other alcohol type or ketones is usually considered to be less than 1%.
Clotting in the blood is perhaps more complex than you may first think, but it is quite an incredible process!
- First of all, Thromboplastin is released from the damaged tissues and Platelets which are basically parts of dead cells.
- The Platelets then stick to exposed collagen on the wall of the blood vessel. At this point, the platelets change from a flat disc to a rounded sphere with branches.
- The platelets form what is called a platelet plug and effectively surround the damaged tissue.
- Here is the most complex bit, the contact between collagen and the blood causes the blood to change:
- The soluble plasma proteinProthrombin is turned into Thrombin which is an enzyme.
- This enzyme turns the soluble plasma protein Fibrinogen into the long fibrous protein Fibrin.
- The Fibrin form a mesh around the damaged tissue and traps red blood cells to form a clot.
Hope this helps!
What is the mixed cell in a blood test?
A mixed cell in a blood test typically refers to the presence of different types of cells in a single sample, often indicating a specific condition or response in the body. It can occur in contexts such as mixed cellularity in lymphomas or when assessing immune responses. The term may also denote a combination of various blood components, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which can provide insights into the individual's health status. Further analysis is usually required to determine the significance of mixed cells in any given test result.
