Microprocessors

* ECU- controls engine functions * Airbag Module- controls airbag deployment * Body Controller- controls interior lights, door locks, windows, seats, etc * Driver's Door Module- communicates commands from switches on drivers door to the body controller * Cruise Control Module- Regulates speed while in cruise control * Climate Control Module- Monitors interior temperature and controls the heating and cooling systems * Transmission Controller- controls automatic transmission * ABS Module- controls anti-lock brakes and may handle the traction-control and stability-control systems * Power Distribution Box Module- controls relays in the power distribution box * Instrument Panel- Controls gauges, and indicator lights using data from the communications bus

PCB traces are mostly made of copper although they are usually coated with other metals or alloys on the outer layers.

Because the stack pointer marks the top of the stack. If it is not initialised, it is not possible to determine where the next stack frame will go.

AMD's new 64-bit processor architecture is made for now and the future. Most operating systems now are 32-bit, but the new Windows OS will use 64-bit technology, putting the AMD computer in it's element and would make that a better choice for the future. Also, I find AMD's are cheaper and generally faster than their Intel rivals. As far as multimedia, a fast processor is a start, but your video and sound cards will determine how much performance your computer can achieve.

Actually, Let me clarify. I am a Microsoft, Comptia and Cisco certified technician. The guy above has a few things wrong...

AMD call their processors 64 but intels processors are equally capable when it comes to running 64 bit applications. AMD just like to flaunt it.

Every windows OS from XP upwards has been available in both 32 and 64 bit versions.

The big advantage to 64 bit operating systems is that the processor is allowed to address a virtually unlimited amount of RAM, your motherboards limit is the only cap (most top out at 8GB these days though there will be some that go higher).

With 32-bit OS you wont get any performance benefit from having more than 2.25GB of RAM in your machine As that is the most memory anything 32-Bit can address. Included in that limit is your graphics memory so if you have a 512MB graphics card, a maximum of only 1.75GB of your system memory will actually be addressable to your processor.

Intel processors are generally more expensive but they usually have a larger cache than their equivelent AMD counterparts which improves their performance overall. They are generally the best choice for multimedia applications as, believe it or not, the graphics chip does a lot less work than the processor even when encoding video.

Pentium 4s however are very old now and so are the AMD 64s. You will be lucky to find any of them new in the wild. out of the 2 theyre probably about on par performance wise dependant on the model.

Intels new i7 chips are the ones to go for for the future but are a little expensive at the moment. A good Core2Duo or Core2Quad will last you a good while though.

For encoding or file compression of any sort i'd recommend an Intel though AMD chips will still get the job done. Choose a 64bit OS version and slap as much RAM as you can fit into the machine and you will have a beast of a multimedia editing system.

I would also recommend decent graphics and sound cards for playback. most good motherboards will give you a half decent soundcard built in, but onboard graphics cards don't cut it. something like a 9800gt or ati 4850 would be beneficial. As i believe they have HDCP and can breeze full high definition playback.

Good Luck with the new machine!

---Neotech

labels

• a microprocessor is hardware, it provides the physical mechanism (electronic circuitry) needed to run any software on a computer
• an operating system is software, it provides the logical mechanism (algorithms) to coordinate the running of all the software on a computer
• applications (or apps) are software, they are coordinated by the operating system and run by the microprocessor to perform tasks useful to a human user of the computer

Intel Core 2 Quard..

Turn on the hazard switch (emergency blinkers). You should hear it under the dashboard on the drivers side. The emergency blinker and turn signal are each controlled by a different relay but the relays look alike. Once you've located the emergency blinker relay, the turn signal relay is nearby.

Yes

There are at least 9 bits. 8-bit data, even parity, means an extra bit called a parity bit is sent along with the data to make the number of 1's even in the total number (including the parity bit). There might be more than 9 bits, if start/stop or other bits are used in the code. For example, the data value 00000001 (8 data bits), if even parity is used, an extra bit would be sent thus: 100000001 (total number of 1's is 2, even). If the value of the data was 00000011, then the parity bit would have a value of 0, 000000011, so the total number of 1's is even in the entire string. The purpose is so that on the receive side you can use a simple 1-bit adder to do a sanity check on the received data to see if the correct number of 1's was received in a given byte being received. If even parity was sent, and odd parity was calculated on the receive side, that data byte can be flagged as in error and possibly dropped.

PIO

Push instruction pushes two byte of data on the top of the stack.

no

The CPUID is unique to the processor model. Although Intel at one time tried to push a unique number for each individual processor, they no longer do this.

4004 is the first general purpose microprocessor by Intel

1. Lack of dynamic runtime execution profile at compile time coupled with optimistic auto parallelizing compiler. i) The number of iterations a block/function is executed is not known until runtime. ii) The execution time of a block/function is not known until runtime.
2. Lack of application specific information on the data access pattern coupled with conservative auto parallelizing compiler. i) Dynamic aliasing of memory locations is difficult to analyze. ii) Dynamic accesses to non-local data may result in conflicting accesses.
3. Serial program incurs unnecessary constraints on the order of execution.

Chip Designing: Chip Designing is how to built a Chip means what are the Steps involved and how to make a chip from Concept,Architecture,Follow Chip Design Flow and Fabricate in a Foundry for a specific process. An Analogy is mentioned to understand the chip designing concept with an well known architecture(Building) and Detailed explanation on the VLSI(Very large scale integration) Flow (what is the methodology involved in chip dEsigning). Chip Programming : Configuration of the Chip can be modified dynamically using Fusing or some other methods.

Intel

This is usually called the instruction set, but sometimes it was called the order code (usually in early british computers where some of the designers had worked at Bletchley Park during the war).

A microprocessor is a small chip deep inside your computer.

A microcomputer is a computer small enough to be owned by a person. All modern Desktops and laptops are micro-computers. The word is out of date, leftover from when most computers needed a truck to move, or were the size of large rooms and needed crews of people to maintain them.

Generally speaking, yes, though it would likely be a waste of money unless you do a massive amount of video / image editing.

This varies dramatically from one computer architecture to another. It may be as few as one register to many hundreds, the registers may be general purpose or very specialized in purpose. It all depends on the decisions of the computer architect and the evolutionary history from the initial implementation of the architecture to the latest.

micro computers are computers that are designed to be used by only one person. they are also called PCs - Personal Computers. there are 6 main types of micro computers- laptop/ notebook, PDA, palmtop now replaced by tablet, desktop, workstation and PC.

• Control a system
• Provide a user interface
• Perform the above actions transparently to the user, without him knowing he is interacting with a computer

In microprocessors, from 8086 there is 20bit address bus. This address bus is so organised that reading a word(16bit string from 8086 to 80286 and 32bit string from 80386 to PIV) starting at even address is different from reading a word starting from odd address.

suppose a word starts at 20000h address so it will placed in 20000h and 20001h respectively,then, this word is read by the microprocessor in 1 clock cycle i.e. the byte at 20000h and byte at 20001h are simultaneously read. Hence the word is read in 1 clock cycle.

but had a word started at 20001h-- 1 byte in 20001h and the other byte in 20002h

then the microprocessor is unable to read the word in 1 clock cycle. It takes 1 clock cycle to read the word from 20001h and another clock cycle to read the word from 20002h. Hence a word stored a odd location slows down the process of reading it.

this entire process is referred as Even banking and Odd banking.