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Ancient Greece
The ancient greek civilization starts around 3200 BC with the Cycladic civilization [followed by the Minoan (2700 BC) and the Mycenean civilization (1600 BC)] and flourished from the 7th century BC to the 2nd century AD, especially in the 5th century BC with the city-states of Athens and Sparta.
10,833 Questions
What were the characteristic of Greek Slave Trade?
There were some "Barbarian Slaves", which were usually victims of war, and debt-slaves, who were people who lost their freedom because they could not pay loans.
Are the Ancestors of Ancient Pakistanis Hindus?
Before the advent of Islamic Faith, the majority of people in the ancient region of Pakistan practised Buddhism, Zoroastrianism (and its derivatives like Mithraism, Saurism, Manichaeism, etc.), Animism (nature worship), Paganism (Hellenic and other deities), and Shamanism.
- Harappans ate beef, buried their dead, and had no Hindu temples/idols/deities.
- RigVedic Aryans forbade idolatry, ate beef, sacrificed cows, had no caste system, and were culturally closer to ancient Avestan Iranians.
- Under Persian rule, Zoroastrianism started to spread.
- Similarly, Greek Paganism (Hellenism) spread under the Greeks.
- Mauryan Ashoka introduced Buddhism.
- Buddhism was later also propagated along with Zoroastrianism, Animism, Shamanism, and Hellenism under the Bactrians, Sakas/Scythians, Parthians, and Kushans for many centuries.
- Hephthalites/White Huns were not very fond of Buddhism but it still remained popular among the masses.
- The Hellenized-Iranianized Brahmanist and Shaivite converts were a minority in Pakistan.
- Kafirs of Kalasha, the only people in Pakistan who have retained their ancient religion are an example of the non-Hindu religions practised by the ancestors of Pakistanis.
- Many different Gangetic holy Hindu texts call Pakistan region and its people as outlandish, sinful, outcaste, mlechas or devil-worshippers, etc.
- The pre-Muslim ancestors of most Pakistanis never called themselves Hindu nor practised any religion similar to present-day Hinduism. Thus, the pre-Muslim ancestors of most Pakistanis had nothing to do with Hinduism.
- The fact is there is barely any trace of Hindu past in Pakistan region yet there are plentiful of Buddhist and other non-Hindu archeological remains in Pakistan region. The very few Hindu temples found in Pakistan region cannot be dated past the 9th century AD.
- When Muslims invaded Pakistan region the majority of its people were Buddhists (as testified in Chachnama), so much so that the word for idol became "budh".
- The word/term Hindu/Hinduism is a recent construct. It were the Muslim invaders (Ghorids) who for the first time in history imposed the foreign term Hindu on the many different peoples and religions of southern Asia. The term Hinduism was given by the British colonialists. Not a single pre-Muslim/British era Vedic, Brahman, Buddhist, Jain, or any other South Asian scripture/inscription mentions the word Hindu/Hinduism. Similarly, Sanata Dharma was a term invented in the 19th century AD by Gangetic Brahmans in their desperate attempt to replace the Muslim/British term Hindu/Hinduism.
- Terms such as Hindu/Hinduism/SanataDharma are artificial in nature because of its foreign origins and contradictions in its beliefs/practices. Just because we call all Europeans or their descendents as Goras it does not make them one people as they have many racial, religious, linguistic, cultural, and historical differences. By the same token, if the Ghorid Muslim invaders imposed the foreign word/term Hindu on the non-Muslim peoples of south Asia it does not mean that they were one people since there were/are countless different religions, cultures, histories, languages, and races in south Asia.
- Also, by the time of Ghorid invasions (12th century AD), Pakistan region was already mostly Muslim. Most of Pakistan region was a part of Arab Islamic Empires previously (later also ruled by local Muslim kingdoms). Arabs never called them Hindus. So the Ghorid imposition of the artificial term Hindu was mostly for present day north Republic of India for their ruled non-Muslim subjects.
- A significant minority of Pakistanis are descendents of Arab, Iranian, Turkic, Mughal and Afghan invaders/migrants, who just like the rest of the ancestors of Pakistanis were Zoroastrians, Animists, Pagans, Shamanists, and Buddhists before Islam.
- It was mostly due to Islamic Sufism that the ancestors of Pakistanis converted en masse to Islam.
- Pre-1947 region of present-day Pakistan only had less than 15% non-Muslims, out of which half were Sikhs. Many of the Hindus were actual migrants from the region of present day India during the British rule. For example, most of the Hindus in pre-1947 Karachi had migrated from Gujarat and Rajasthan during British rule because of Karachi's economic boom then. The other remaining Hindus of local origin were converts due to Shankarcharya's missionaries from India region during post- 9th century AD period.
- The pre-1947 non-Muslim population in present day region of Pakistan had: 6% Hindu and 10% Sikh in W. Punjab, 9% Hindu and 2% Sikh in Sindh, 1% Hindu and 2% Sikh in KPK, and 2% Hindu in Balochistan.
- According to the UN and other respected organizations, 12 million is the total estimate of migrations from both India and Pakistan (East Pakistan included) of Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs combined at the time of the Independence of 1947. So if Hindus and Sikhs are taken as 50% of that figure (although there were much more migrations of Hindus/Sikhs than Muslims) of population, that would make about 6 million Hindus-Sikhs in both East and West Pakistan that migrated to India. Now, we know that there was almost an equal (50% each) number of migrants leaving East and West Pakistan (although Hindu population in East Pakistan was much higher), that would make the Hindu-Sikh population in West Pakistan about 3 million. Now we know that West Pakistan's population at that time was about 25-30 million which makes the total Hindu-Sikh population about 10-12% (+ add the current 1.5%) in West Pakistan before Azadi. Also, it is estimated that out of the non-Muslim population in West Pakistan, +40% were Sikhs, so that leaves Hindus with even lesser numbers. We know that Sikhs do not consider themselves as Hindus and they are fighting for independence of Khalistan in Eastern Punjab from the Republic of India.
Did the ancient greek women wear a Peplos as an everyday clothing?
Yes, Questioner, the ancient Greek women did wear the peplos as an everyday garment. The peplos or peplus was an outer garment like a robe and gathered at the waist with cord or rope. It was worn in 500 BC. It was typical everyday attire in ancient Greece. The peplos was worn only by women, men wore a chiton but some women wore a chiton too.
Hope I answered your question Questioner,
Answerer
Leonidas was one of four royal sons of the Spartan king Anaxandridas, of the Agiad branch of the Spartan monarchy (Sparta had two royal houses, the other being the Eurypontid; and two kings at any given time). He succeeded his brother Cleomenes I, in 488 BC. His reign was only eight years long, and is notable only for his actions at Thermopylae. He inherited from his brother an aggressive anti-Persian foreign policy; which he seems to have carried out to the end. Leonidas was married to his niece, Gorgo, the daughter of Cleomenes. He left one son that we know of; who came to the thone as a child upon Leonidas' death at Thermopylae (in the early years of his reign an uncle, Pausanias, served as regent for him). At Thermopylae ("The Hot Gates") he responded to the Persian demand that the Spartans "lay down their arms (weapons)", with the Greek words Molon Labe: "Come and take them!" After the battle, the Persians mutilated his body, causing wide-spread horror and hatred in Greece towards the Persian invaders. Years after his death, a hero cult was set up in his honor.
What are Ancient Greek urns used for?
Amphorae were used for the transportaqtion and storage of foodstuffs including wine, olive oil, fish and grain.
The years between the deaths of Augustus and Marcus Aurelius are known as the?
The era beginning with the reign of Augustus and ending with the reign of M. Aurelius is known as the Pax Romana. It was a period of relative peace and stability in the Mediterranean world.
I assume you mean the Antikythera device, which is NOT a Theodolite as some have called it. The Greeks and Greco-Egyptians had something like a very primitive form of Pelorus and compass used primarily as both a surveying instrument and/or a weapons sight. The latter us was shown in both versions of the Movie Cleopatra- the l934 and the Modern ( Elizabeth Taylor) versions. That woke you up. this device was called the Dioptra and was popularized by Hero of Alexandria- Greco-Egyptian savant who came up with such things as steam turbines , fountains , vending machines for water coolers, and so on. We don"t know if he had a hand on the Antikythera device which was discovered in a fragmented ( had been recovered from a shipwreck) form between l900 and l902 ( dates vary).. The possibility exists the Antikythera device may have been made much later- as late as maybe the nineteenth century, as a sort of astronomical clock that used Greek Notation. Just happened to fall into the wreckage over the years. You find a Civil War coin in an auto in a junk yard- does that make the Car a relic of say, Mannassas?- heck no! Food for thought.
The Sophists believed in absolute truth and that there was an absolute right and wrong.?
Sophists were a category of teachers who specialised in using the techniques of philosophy and rhetoric for the purpose of teaching.
Why did the ancient Greeks visit oracles?
To seek advice from the gods on how to handle problems confronting them.
Which city-state is known for its domocratic government?
There is no such thing as a "domocratic" government.
What are the 4 types of maps most used today?
Historic, Distributive, Physical, and projection maps or elevation( commonly used today)
What do you call early Greek singing storytellers?
they are called minstrels or bards! :) one of them sang to Odysseus while he was in King Alcinous' court in the epic The Odyssey.
That is if your Native American, you tell what tribe your from. EX: Hopi, Zuni, and/or Navajo, etc.....
Where were the conquests of Alexander the Great?
After his father Philip's assassination, some of the Greek cities rose to throw off Macedonian control. Alexander took over and made an example of Thebes, defeating its army ans selling its people into slavery. He then took off on his father's plan to seize the Persian Empire. He spent nearly 20 years conquering that empire, from Libya in the West, through Egypt and the Middle East, to Central Asia and today's Pakistan in the East.
How did ancient Greek religion affect American religion?
This is a good question, and I think a man by the name of N.T. Wright has answered it best in his book, "The Resurrection of the Son of God"; I recommend picking it up.
In terms of "American religion", it is necessary to first look at Greek thought and philosophy: those ideologies are basically Platonic understandings of faith, life and the afterlife; that the body is a chamber in which the 'soul' is stored, and we as human beings must live a good life in order to free that soul in order to join the gods, or go to some form of better life in the afterlife... This is a very basic understanding, but I can recommend a few readings: Plato's Republic, Greek Philosophyby William K. Guthrie, and Early Greek Philosophy,et al, a good translation by Jonathon Barnes.
N.T. Wright argues that American religion is founded not in Christianity, but instead in Greek thought. Paul, an author of some of the scripture in the New Testament of the Bible, according to Wright, was founded in deep Jewish theology, and his understandings of the resurrection of the Christ have been lost in modern day America.
Thus, Greek religion and philosophy have influenced American religion in such a way that American religion has now become iconic, sitcom-esque and indubitably with an escapist, almost 'legalistic' approach: do not be bad, and you will escape this horrible world and go to heaven; basically, Greek religion has indeed influenced American religion, but it is all very arguable.
A few more commentators on this subject have been John D. Crossan, N.T. Wright (as I stated many times earlier), Bart D. Ehrman, and Rudolf Bultmann.
Best of luck in your studies, and hopefully you will gain a better understanding on why religion is the way it is today, and furthermore why many, many Americans think and feel the way they do about life, death and the afterlife!
What type of artifacts did the mycenaeans produce?
I don't know
Stuff
I don't care
>seriously bitch some people need answers that is why they ask wiki.answers
What was so important about the fisherman in ancient Greece?
He provided a source of scarce protein in their diet.
What new elements did Greek art and architecture introduce?
They produced idealised forms of the human body, and stone structures of monumental proportions.
Are there moors in ancient Greece?
It depends on what you mean by "moor". If you are referring the Amazigh people of North Africa, then, with the exception of the occasional merchant, the answer is "No". If you are referring to the place where boats are docked, then "Yes". The Greeks had a vast number of moors for their ships, especially since Greece was predominantly maritime culture.
