Caliphates

The BR 1043 is a standard used by NATO forces, specifically for the instruction and training of personnel in gunnery and guided weapon systems. It outlines procedures, techniques, and best practices for effectively operating and employing various weapon systems. The instruction emphasizes safety, accuracy, and efficiency in utilizing both conventional and guided munitions. This standard aims to enhance the proficiency of military personnel in a variety of combat scenarios.

"Please be guided accordingly" is used as a warning that a source of information is not meant to be all inclusive. This warning indicates to the user that they may need to also use additional sources of information or that other information may be correct but not included.

In the Abbasid Empire, upper-class men were highly valued for their education, particularly in fields such as literature, poetry, philosophy, and science. They were expected to have a deep understanding of classical Arabic language and literature, as well as proficiency in calligraphy and the arts. Additionally, knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence and theology was crucial for their social standing and influence within the empire. Overall, a well-rounded education and intellectual pursuits were key attainments highly valued for upper-class men in the Abbasid Empire.

The Byzantine Empire blocked Abbasid expansion to the northwest. The Abbasid Caliphate, based in Baghdad, sought to expand its territory in various directions, including towards the northwest. However, the Byzantine Empire, with its strong military and strategic position, effectively prevented the Abbasids from expanding further in that direction. This geopolitical barrier played a significant role in shaping the boundaries and influence of both empires during that time period.

Abbasid scholars made important medical advances in the fields of pharmacology, surgery, and anatomy. They built upon the knowledge of earlier civilizations, translated and preserved ancient texts, and made significant contributions to medical knowledge through their research and practical application. Some notable figures include Ibn Sina (Avicenna) who wrote the Canon of Medicine, and Albucasis who made pioneering contributions to the field of surgery.

It depends on what period of history is being discussed. If you are referring to the Umayyad Empire when it was still ruled from Damascus, the largest defeat for them was in Poitiers when the Franks successfully prevented the conquest of the Frankish Lands (now known as France).

If you are referring to the Umayyad Caliphate based out of Córdoba in Al-Andaluz (Southern Spain), The Umayyads were unable to conquer the nascent Christian Kingdoms in the North which included but were not limited to: Leon, Castille, the Basque Territories, and the Catalonian Counties. In addition, the Umayyads were not able to prevent the fragmentation of their territory into the Taifa Kingdoms in 1038.

Under the Umayyad Caliphate, the Arabian Empire spread from Spain in the west to Central Asia in the east, reaching its peak expansion. The empire covered areas such as North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula.

-Warriors

-judges

-merchants

-government officials

Life at the court of Caliph al-Rashid was marked by opulence and intrigue. The caliph's court was a vibrant center of culture, filled with poets, musicians, and scholars. However, it was also a place of political maneuvering and power struggles. The caliph's harem was a symbol of his wealth and authority, while his viziers and advisors worked tirelessly to maintain his rule. Overall, life at the court was a delicate balance between luxury and danger.

To rule according to the teachings of Islam. Being just, kind and caring to all the people living under them.

Guided rockets work by going where you click. First click once to fire. Then hold your mouse over your desired target and hold the button down over it.

Trade flourished under the Abbasids at first because they moved the capital of the Muslim empire to the newly created city of Baghdad in central Iraq in 762. The city was located on key trade routes that gave the caliph access to trade gold, good, and information about.

They united various Muslim factions, and encouraged Umayyad loyalists to come to Spain. ... They created a strong, unified Muslim kingdom with Cordoba as its capital.What was the basis for Cordoba's greatness under the Umayyads?

Rise through the ottomans and and Made by Eal

More easy to govern.

The Umayyads moved their capital from Mecca to Damascus since they had previously been the governors of Syria. The city of Damascus was much more loyal to them than Mecca and a city with which they were intimately familiar.

Safavids were Shiite, and Ottomans were Sunni.

The roaad system was fairly safe and enhanced with rest stops.

shiism in the 10th/16th and 11th/17th century

in this period,ismail who was of the household of shaykh safi al-Din Ardaili(d.735/1334)a Sufi master and also a siite,begn a revolt in Ardabil,with three hundred Sufis who were disciples of his forefathers,with the aim of establishing an independent and powerful Shiite country. in this way,he begn the conquest of the Persia and overcme the local feudal princess.after the series of the bloody wars with ocal rulers and also the Ottomans who held the title of the caliph,he succeeded in forming Persia piece by piece into a country nd in making the shism the official religion in his kingdom.after the death of the Shah Ismail ,other Safavid kings reigned in Persia until the 12th/18th century and each continued to recognize shism as the official religion of the country and further to strengthen its hold upon this land.at the height of their power,during the reign of Shah Abbas,the Safavids were able to increase the territorial expansion and the population of Persia to twice its present size.as for other muslim lands.the Shiites popultions continued the same as before and increased only throough the natural growth of population

It gave Iran its language and religion.

Ismail I of the Safavids was a Twelver Shiite Muslim.

ismail who was of the household of shaykh safi al-Din Ardaili(d.735/1334)a Sufi master and also a siite,begn a revolt in Ardabil,with three hundred Sufis who were disciples of his forefathers,with the aim of establishing an independent and powerful Shiite country. in this way,he begn the conquest of the Persia and overcme the local feudal princess.after the series of the bloody wars with ocal rulers and also the Ottomans who held the title of the caliph,he succeeded in forming Persia piece by piece into a country nd in making the shism the official religion in his kingdom.after the death of the Shah Ismail ,other Safavid kings reigned in Persia until the 12th/18th century and each continued to recognize shism as the official religion of the country and further to strengthen its hold upon this land.at the height of their power,during the reign of Shah Abbas,the Safavids were able to increase the territorial expansion and the population of Persia to twice its present size.as for other muslim lands.the Shiites popultions continued the same as before and increased only throough the natural growth of population

Shah Ismail, the first founder of the Safavid Dynasty started his empire in his hometown of ARDABIL in Iranian Azerbaijan. He was able to unite all of Azerbaijan (both today's north Azerbaijan and today's Iranian Azerbaijan) before conquering the rest of Persia.

The Safavid and Ottoman dynasties were both of Turkish ethnicity. The Safavid empire extended from the Caucasia ( Armenia, Azeribijan, etc.) to India, Iraq, the Persian Gulf, and parts of central Asia and the Caspian Sea.The Ottoman empire, on the other hand, ruled the the rest of the Islamic empire (Middle East, Balkans, and North Africa).

The Ottoman empire was older and stronger than the young Safavid empire, but the Ottomans were alarmed as the Safavid strength and influence grew and felt their interest was threatened. Moreover, the Safavid followed Shia Islam, while the Ottoman people were followers of Sunni/Sufi Islam.

But the main reasons for the conflict are rather political than for sectarian religious factors as many try to force this idea of Sunni/Shia conflict.

As the Safavid empire grew, it pushed its territories as far as Iraq and eastern Turkey, carving for itself a considerable chunk of Ottoman territory. This was the point when the Ottomans felt in danger and waged war on their cousins the Safavid.

They did neither unify nor protect Spain.

The Umayyads did control the majority of Spain, all of the way up to Barcelona at the furthest extent. They achieved this through strength of arms (conquest). The leading general was Tariq ibn Ziyad, for whom Gibraltar is named. Under Umayyad control, about 80% of Spain was under Muslim control and the same armies that conquered the territory proceeded to defend its borders. However, they slowly lost territory so that by the time of the last Umayyad Caliph, only 50% of Spain was still in Muslim hands. Therefore, many former Umayyad regions were no longer "unified" or "protected".

The Kingdom of Ghana became powerful by taxing gold merchants who passed through its lands. In contrast, the Umayyad Empire extended its power through campaigns of conquest by Islamic armies.