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Caliphates
Caliphates were Middle Eastern community jurisdictions headed by a caliph, the civil and religious leader.
754 Questions
Why did the Umayyads move their capital?
Answer 1Damascus was at border of western countries and many worldly enjoys and sins like wine and sex,... were easy and ready for Kings. but in an Islamic society it was difficult. there was the place of living Christian people and wine was not restricted. Yazid the Umayyad King has a poem: if the wine is prohibited so drink it in Christianity religion. he has pool of wine.
Answer 2
The Umayyads had previously been the governors of Damascus and could expect a strong power base if they remained there. Medina was isolated and would have reacted with contempt that the man who overthrew a Rightly-Guided Caliph ('Ali) would have the gall to rule from Mohammed's city. It was primarily a political decision.
muawiya, the governor of Syria wanted to move the capital to Damascus where he was from. This gave him more power
How did Islam spread in Algeria?
I think the leader " Oqba Ibn Nafi' " has spread Islam in all the northern African countries , starting from Libya till Morocco ... and Algeria is in between ;
so Islam was spread there under the Leadership of Oqba ibn Nafi' .
Ali Bin Abi Talib was murdered during the Fitnah (test/trial that touched the Muslims that started during Uthmans (May Allah be pleased with him) reign).
they traded like... red copper, paper coconuts and ya.. and , red rubies and topaz and like silk
that's all can say!
Who were caliphs and how did they administer their empire?
Caliphs were successors of Muhammad as spiritual and temporary leader of the Muslims. They administered the empire by keeping everyone in line.
Who was caliph umar and what did he do?
He is the second Caliph (ruler) of Muslims according to Sunni Muslims and is an illegitimate ruler who got power according to Shia Muslims. according to Shia Muslims only God has the right to select a Caliph. one of his actions was attacking to Iran. according to Shia Muslims this action of him was not an Islamic action because many of Iranians had been converted to Islam before this attack specially by the Persian companions of Messenger of God Muhammad SAWW like Salman the Persian and other companions and there was no need for this war.
The Abbasid's moved the capital from Damascus to?
The Abbassid Caliphate capital was moved to BAGHDAD, IRAQ, because Syria had an Umayyad power-base and Baghdad was much closer to Persia, which was the Abbassid power-base.
How many years did the rightly guided caliphs rule?
from 632 to 661 AD
Selyan
Thomas Grover Middle School
Why is the reign of h r n al-rash d described as the golden age of abbasid caliphate?
Because it was the age of enormous importance to the development of world knowledge and technology. It came in a time when Islam and the People of the Book living under the nation of Islam were politically united and lived in harmony. As usually said, our unity has always lead to our strength and on the other hand fitnais the source of our weakness. The golden age of Islam brought about wonders to the world whether scientific, educational, architectural, medical and or any other subject one can think of.
Who replaced the last rightly guided caliphs?
Hazrat Ali RAU was the last Rightly Guided Caliph. Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz is also considered a Rightly Guided Caliph as he also rules justly.
Who believed that only descendants of Prophet Muhammad can lead Muslims?
The Shiites believe that only descendants of prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can lead Muslims. refer to related question below.
What changes did the caliphs make?
HAZRAT ABU BAKR (RA) compiled the Quran into a book form, fought the rightly guided caliphs and the tribes outside Madinah who had refused to pay zakaat after the death of the Holy Prophet(PBUH) and had started a riot. And so is also called the savior of Islam.
Hazrat Usman (RA) got the Quran translated into the Quraysh dialect.
Why did the Abbasid's kill the Umayyads?
they abandoned the simple ways of the earlier caliphs and were discontented
When did the umayyad dynasty move to capital to damascus?
Yes. The Umayyads moved the capital of the first Islamic Caliphate from Medina, Saudi Arabia to Damascus, Syria in 661 CE.
What changes did the Umayyads bring to Spain?
they took bad influence and all the governments where all disobidient
What is the meaning of please be guided accordingly?
If you were planning a trip to a foreign country, someone might give you factual information to read about the current dangers to foreigners traveling to that country. Once you read the information, the person might say to you, "Please be guided accordingly." This simply means to take all the facts into account and then let yourself be guided by those facts.
How did the safavid empire blend cultures?
Under Shah Abbas, the Safavid Empire, which was a majority Persian empire, incorporated its Christian Armenian minority and foreign Chinese artisans to create a mixed cultural flowering.
Please See: Cultural Blending: Case Study of the Safavid Empire
What were some of the problems that triggered the Umayyads' downfall?
Answer 1
Some Muslims felt that the Umayyads did not take their duties as leaders of Islam seriously
Answer 2
Some problems were that citizens were disloyal and said the Umayyads were too interested in living a luxurious life and that they all spoke their own languages.
Answer 3
There were a few major issues.
Mawali: Mawali (or non-Arab Muslims) were traditionally excluded from political and social affairs. The Umayyad in particular treated them as second-class Muslims. The evidence of this treatment was that Mawali were not allowed to have many government positions and that they were taxed whereas Arab Muslims were not taxed at all. Mawali made up an important component of the Umayyad Caliphate, especially Persians. Persia was always a high seat of culture in the Islamic Empire. As a result, ideas moved quite freely throughout Persia and Persians considered themselves to be of equal worth to Arabs.
Shiites: Under the Sunni Umayyads, Shiites were also discriminated against. After Yazid I martyred Hussein, the Shiites made it their mission in life to oppose every action of the Umayyad dynasty. It did not help matters that the Umayyads tortured and murdered Shiite Imams and Infallibles, leading to irreconcilability between the Shiites and the Umayyads.
Distance: There were no effective routes of communication between the Western Edges of the Caliphate and Damascus. This made local administrators more powerful as they would have to make their own decisions anyway (it would take too long for a messenger to go to Damascus and return). Many figured that they might as well make the change more permanent.
Political Issues: Not all Arabs of high political standing supported the Umayyads. There were several other families that were just as power-Hungary and the Umayyads spent much of their time thwarting coups d'état. Abu Al-Abbas As-Saffah of the Abbassids rose against the Umayyads and murdered the reigning Umayyad Caliph. He ordered the rest of his family to murder every single other Umayyad. As a result of the uprising, only one Umayyad, Amir Abd El-Rahman, survived. He would later flee to Spain and set it up as a Caliphate in opposition to the Abbassids.
What were some major accomplishments of the Umayyad Dynasty?
The Umayyad dynasty came to power in 661 AD, under Muawiya ibn Abu Sufian, who was previously the governor of Syria. He shifted the capital to Damacus, a city of historical importance. During this period the Islamic nation was been enlarged to include India in the east to south France in the west. The Umayyad Dynasty period is noted for the expansion of Muslims territories across North Africa, Europe, and Asia. Bukhra and Samarkand came under Umayyad rule, and Mohammad-bin-Qasim, the Arabs invaded Sindh and captured lands up to Multan. There was greater activity on sea than on land; Constantinople was conqured by an Arab fleet, as were the islands of Sicily and Rhodes. These and later victories at sea brought Muawiya the credit for building up Muslims naval power. Its government survived for almost a century. The Umayyad period was notable development in all fields. This period ended with the Abbasids in 750.
Who was the leader of Abbasid Caliphate?
about 37 ruler (khaleefa)
some famous of them
1- abu-alabbas (abdullah)
2- abu ga'afar al-mansor
3- mohammed almahdy
3-haron arrasheed
4-al-ma'amon : the golden age of the abbasids
5-al-mo'tasem bellah (abu-eshaq)
