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Caliphates
Caliphates were Middle Eastern community jurisdictions headed by a caliph, the civil and religious leader.
754 Questions
Were the enemies of the Seljuks the Fatimids?
Yes. The Seljuks and Fatimids were enemies of one another and had numerous conflicts over control of the southern Levant and the Sinai. However, both Islamic Empires had other, less important, adversaries.
How many Rightly-Guided Caliphs ruled after Muhammad's death?
There were FOUR Rightly-Guided Caliphs after Muhammad's death (Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali). After Ali was assassinated, the Umayyads swept into power, ending the age of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and beginning a more imperial form of government.
What is true about the islamis state Which existed under the caliphate?
Laws were based on the religious teachings of Muhammad.
What were the duties of a caliph?
their duties were to expand Islam to do this they used well trained armies
When was Baghdad under Muslim control?
Baghdad has always been under a Muslim sovereign since it was built by the Abbassids in the late 700s C.E. until the present with only two exceptions: (1) from 1256-1295 when the Mongol Ilkhanate was officially Tengriist and Buddhist and (2) from 1919-1932 when Iraq was a British Mandate.
What areas was not brought under Muslim control during the leadership of the caliphs?
The Middle East (except West Anatolia), North Africa, Iberia, Central Asia, and western South Asia.
Additionally, Islam expanded into West Africa and East Africa during the Caliphates, but those areas were never brought under the control of the Caliphates themselves.
What challenges led to the decline of the Abbasid line?
The reasons for the eventual fall of the Abbassid Caliphate which occurred in 1100-1258 CE are the following.
1) Corruption: The Abbassid Caliphate had become one of the richest and most prosperous states in the world at that time, changing its leadership from honest brokers of power (Amir al-Mu'aminin - Prince of the Believers used to actually mean something) to individuals more concerned with money. This created strong resentment from those who were outside of the Abbassid purview.
2) Mawali Inclusion: The Abbassids were an Arab Caliphate (as opposed to the Samanids who were a Persian Caliphate) and were expected by many Arabs to treat other Arabs better than the Mawali. However, the Abbassids consistently treated Persians equal to or better than their Arab brethren which created animosity and a sense of betrayal. Many Arabs saw the Persians as the major backers of the Caliphate and that they were a tool for Persian interests. It was also perceived that the Persians were first servants to the caliphs but climbed way up the social ladder to a place they did not belong.
3) Turkish Armies: Armies like the Mamluk (who were retained by the Abbassids for the defense of the Caliphate) were Turks who defended an Arab State. Beginning in this period, they began to realize that they had the capacity to create their own states considering how vast their powers were as a military. This idea also came to the fore for Turks outside of the Caliphate. As a result, there were Mamluk uprisings, Seljuq attacks, and other Turkish Armies turning against Baghdad.
4) Rise of the Mongols: Hülegü Khan put the final nail in the coffin by massacring Baghdad and a number of Persian cities when he conquered the territory for the Great Khanate.
Who was in charge of the Safavid?
The Safavid dynasty was founded about 1501 by Shāh Ismāil I.he was the last in the line of hereditary Grand Masters of the Safaviyeh order, prior to its ascent to a ruling dynasty. Ismāil was known as a brave and charismatic youth, zealous with regards to his Shi'a faith, and believed himself to be of divine descent-practically worshipped by his Qizilbāsh followers. In 1500, Ismāil invaded neighboring Shirvan to avenge the death of his father, Sheik Haydar, who had been murdered in 1488 by the ruling Shirvanshah, Farrukh Yassar. Afterwards, Ismail went on a conquest campaign, capturing Tabriz in July 1501, where he enthroned himself the Shāh of Azerbaijan, proclaimed himself Shahanshah of Iran[ and minted coins in his name, proclaiming Shi'ism the official religion of his domain.
Who finally conquered the Abbasid Dynasty in 1258?
The Mongols did under the leadership of Hulegu Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Kublai Khan.
What sect of Islam was the Safavid Empire?
The Safavid Empire is primarily made of SHIITE MUSLIMS, because that was the official religion of the empire. Numerous Persian Sunni Muslims were forcibly converted to Shiite Islam under Safavid rule.
What is the reason of the decline of the caliphate?
A Caliphate is an outmoded, tyrannical form of government that only benefits the bullies of society.
Why did the Umayyads move their capital?
Answer 1Damascus was at border of western countries and many worldly enjoys and sins like wine and sex,... were easy and ready for Kings. but in an Islamic society it was difficult. there was the place of living Christian people and wine was not restricted. Yazid the Umayyad King has a poem: if the wine is prohibited so drink it in Christianity religion. he has pool of wine.
Answer 2
The Umayyads had previously been the governors of Damascus and could expect a strong power base if they remained there. Medina was isolated and would have reacted with contempt that the man who overthrew a Rightly-Guided Caliph ('Ali) would have the gall to rule from Mohammed's city. It was primarily a political decision.
muawiya, the governor of Syria wanted to move the capital to Damascus where he was from. This gave him more power
How did Islam spread in Algeria?
I think the leader " Oqba Ibn Nafi' " has spread Islam in all the northern African countries , starting from Libya till Morocco ... and Algeria is in between ;
so Islam was spread there under the Leadership of Oqba ibn Nafi' .
Ali Bin Abi Talib was murdered during the Fitnah (test/trial that touched the Muslims that started during Uthmans (May Allah be pleased with him) reign).
they traded like... red copper, paper coconuts and ya.. and , red rubies and topaz and like silk
that's all can say!
Who were caliphs and how did they administer their empire?
Caliphs were successors of Muhammad as spiritual and temporary leader of the Muslims. They administered the empire by keeping everyone in line.
Who was caliph umar and what did he do?
He is the second Caliph (ruler) of Muslims according to Sunni Muslims and is an illegitimate ruler who got power according to Shia Muslims. according to Shia Muslims only God has the right to select a Caliph. one of his actions was attacking to Iran. according to Shia Muslims this action of him was not an Islamic action because many of Iranians had been converted to Islam before this attack specially by the Persian companions of Messenger of God Muhammad SAWW like Salman the Persian and other companions and there was no need for this war.
The Abbasid's moved the capital from Damascus to?
The Abbassid Caliphate capital was moved to BAGHDAD, IRAQ, because Syria had an Umayyad power-base and Baghdad was much closer to Persia, which was the Abbassid power-base.
