0
Caliphates
Caliphates were Middle Eastern community jurisdictions headed by a caliph, the civil and religious leader.
754 Questions
Who was the leader of Abbasid Caliphate?
about 37 ruler (khaleefa)
some famous of them
1- abu-alabbas (abdullah)
2- abu ga'afar al-mansor
3- mohammed almahdy
3-haron arrasheed
4-al-ma'amon : the golden age of the abbasids
5-al-mo'tasem bellah (abu-eshaq)
What was Baghdad during the Islamic Empires?
Baghdad was the capital of the ABBASSID CALIPHATE and was one of the centers of the Islamic Golden Age. It was most notable for its massive library called Beit al-Hikma (بيت الØكمة) or the House of Wisdom. After the Mongols razed Baghdad in 1258, the city lost most of its importance.
How was the dispute over the succession to the office of caliph settled by 661?
Dont have us answer your WHAP homeowork!
Since the user above does not understand that this is called answers.com for a reason and instead persist to leave a smart as* comment the answer below is correct:
The six would have to establish from among themselves Umar's successor. Ultimately Uthman was chosen as Umar successor, becoming the third Caliph. After the assassination of Uthman, Ali was elected as the fourth Caliph.Sources: ChaCha
What did the revolt led by Hussein in the early Umayyad period lead to?
In the short term, the revolt led by Hussein led to "a bloody war that lasted just seven hours", the Battle of Karbala.
However, in the longer term, the Battle of Karbala and the martyrdom of Hussein against Yazid I helped to solidify the fundamental divide between Sunnis, who associated themselves with the Caliphate established by Yazid and the Shiites, who associated themselves with Hussein. To this day, the 10th of Ashura, which commemorates Hussein's martyrdom, is an important Shiite holiday which has no Sunni corollary.
What are the major causes of the development of Islamic caliphates?
The death of the Prophet Muhammad. It was then decided that as a religious and community leader he should be succeeded, and such a religious successor was called a Caliph; the region and community he ruled over, a Caliphate. This immediately led to the first schism, namely between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims. The Sunni Muslims considered Muhammad's father-in-law the rightful successor and first Caliph, the Shia Muslims considered his son-in-law the rightful successor.
Why did the Umayyad Empire fall?
Expansion of the territories which could not be governed properly, cruelty of some of the Rulers, mutual killing for occupation of the rule, rising of the Abbasids against them are the factors which contributed to the fall of Umayyad dynasty.
What was the economy of the later abbasid empire?
I think its it was a period of general prosperity typified by urban growth and the restoration of the Afro-Eurasian trade axis. That's what my AP history book says
What helped the umayyads to succeed after losing to the abbasids?
Answer 1
they were well organised
Answer 2
The Umayyads integrated non-Arabs who had been educated in the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires into powerful positions of authority, the centralized governance structures, created a massive library to organize knowledge from across the empire and translate it into Arabic, and became patrons of the arts and sciences. Critical Thinking was prized and religious demagoguery was relatively weak. By the mid-1100s to the 1200s (long after the Umayyads), religious belief and piety overcame this more open temperment and resulted in the Islamic World stagnating up to the colonial period.
What do shiites believe who should be caliph?
shia and sunni have mostly same beliefs and both believe in fundamental beliefs of Islam. today there is up to 260 sect in Islam that are in two category of shia and sunni.
shia believes in Allah, prophet and all fundamentals of Islam.
shia believe after death of prophet God selects the successive for prophet who is the leader of Muslim community and people can not select it.
shia believe the Caliph (Representative of God in earth after prophet) is appointed only by God and can not be selected by people because God said in Koran: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority." (Quran 2:30)
this means only God can select an Islamic leader.
in shia they are only fourteen infallible (12 Imams and prophet and his daughter Fatimah Zahra (sa))
and all of them are the same and have no mistake and have the knowledge of everything (this knowledge is from God and by permission of God and is not absolute knowledge. absolute knowledge is only for God and they still do not know many things. but they know anything human may need to know.) and they never die and they hear all sayings and even thinks of all humans after their death by permission of God and they are intermediates between God and human.
and shia Muslims always support them and forgive their lives for them.
shia Muslims do not consider selection of Abubakr as Caliph valid because God did not select him. they believe God ordered prophet to declare Ali is selected as successor of prophet (Quran 5:3) and prophet did this mission in Ghadir event that was in last Hajj of prophet in his life and prophet did a speech for 120,000 Muslims participating that Hajj with prophet. the famous shia book Al-Ghadir is a collection of evidences and proofs for Ghadir Hadith from 100,000 sunni references and read all of 10,000 sunny books. one sunni scholar said if we want to reply Al-Ghadir book (by Allameh Amini) we should first destroy all our books.
How did Islam influence the development of the Arab empire?
The Arab Empire was a Muslim Empire and the first Muslim Empire. It aided in the dissemination of Islam and its establishment as a religion with dogmas and power structures.
How were the rightly guided caliphs so successful?
Only the first Four Caliphs are called the Rightly Guided Caliphs because they were the most near ones and loved ones of the Holy Prophet SAW. They ruled according to the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
What city founded in 762 was the capital of the Abbasids?
In 762 AD, the Abbasid Caliphate under Al Mansur built a new capital at Baghdad.
What was the nature of the abbasid government?
the Abbasid government represented a return to the principles of government in the first days of the orthodox calender
What city became the capital of the Muslim world under the leadership of the Umayyad dynasty?
Damascus became the capital of the Muslim world under the leadership of the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyad dynasty ruled the Muslim world from 661 through 750.
How did the safavids try to unify the Turks and the Persians?
They united the people through shared Shiite faith.
What was the language of the umayyad government?
The Official Language of the Umayyad Courts in Damascus, Syria and Cordoba, Spain was Proper Arabic (Fus-ha). There were a large number of Mawali (non-Arab Moslems) in both Umayyad Caliphates, but their culture and languages were sidelined for Arabic.
What is the difference between a Mullah and an Imam?
Generally, both a Mullah and an Imam are religious leaders who can read, recite, and interpret the Quran, as well as lead the people in prayer. They are both seen by the community as figures who can answer questions and possibly give advice regarding interpretation of the Quran. However, a Mullah is typically associated with the Sunni community, whereas an Imam is associated with the Shia. Imam can also be used as a term of respect for a person who is not considered an Imam by "trade". This information came to me from one of my coworkers, who is an Afghan Muslim.
What city became leading center of Muslim learning?
There are several cities that could qualify, but the most famous of these, especially for its massive library called Beit al-Hikma (بيت الحكمة), was BAGHDAD in the modern country of Iraq.
Who became the leader of Islam after Mohammed's death?
Abu Bakr was the first Khalifah (leader) after Muhammad
Why was Umar elected as a caliph?
As one of the Companions, he was on the Leadership Track after the death of Abu Bakr. His only real competition was Ali, based on the arguable bloodline connection to the Prophet (Ali's parisans became the Shiites; Umar's were the Sunnis). This is not to say the matters were handled cordially. Abu Bakr managed to die of natural causes, but beginning with Umar, the tradition of murdering caliphs was established.
Answer 2
He was not elected. he himself claimed to have a letter from Abubakr willing that Umar should be Caliph after his death. some scholars say this letter is made by Umar himself and Umar used stamp of Abubakr after death of Abubakr. Imam Ali a.s. never has any interest in power and said: the value of power that you are seeking it for me is less than the water of nose of a goat unless if I can take the right of a wronged using it or if I can establish justice using it.
