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Computer Networking
Computer networks are collections of computers which are connected together in order to communicate and transfer information. Questions about computer networks, networking protocols, and how to set them up belong here.
18,810 Questions
What do you mean by option negotiation explain with example?
All of the DO/DONT/WILL/WONT stuff above only serves to enable or disable an option. Some options are only either off or on, in which case the negotiation above is sufficient. An example would be the binary transmission option, TRANSMIT-BINARY. Others require that after they are enabled, the client and server exchange parameters to control how the option works. For example, the TERMINAL-TYPE option requires some way for the client to send the server the name of the terminal.
Telnet allows the client and server to send an arbitrary amount of data related to the option using a process called option subnegotiation. A device begins this process by sending a special sequence of Telnet protocol commands and data. First the command SB is sent, followed by the option number and parameters as defined by the particular option; the end of the subnegotiation data is marked by the protocol command SE. Of course, both SB and SE must be preceded by the Interpret As Command (IAC) command byte.
What is a decryption of the hash string 108933322ed670db49b0141d10f6dbbe?
To decode a hash string you first need to know what hash function was used to encode it.
What is total internal reflection?
Total internal reflection can happen only when a beam of light travelling through a dense medium crosses the interface with a rarer medium.
For example, through a glass piece to air.
When such a beam reaches an interface it makes an angle (called the angle of incidence) with the perpendicular at that point. When the beam exits the interface into the rarer medium. it makes a larger angle(called the angle of refraction) with the same perpendicular.
As the angle of incidence increases, so does the angle of refraction. There is one value of the angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction is 90 degrees and the emerging ray is tangential to the interface. This is called the critical angle.
For all angles of incidence greater than the critical angle the incident ray will not emerge into the rarer medium at all. In stead it gets reflected back into the denser medium itself.
This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.
Rainbows are a result of this phenomenon.
What are two parts of a global address?
There are two major parts to a global address. This includes the country, as well as the city. In the United States, regions, also known as states, are included as well.
Are there tunnels in Philadelphia?
Besides subway tunnels, there are a few automotive and rail tunnels in the city. There are no underwater vehicular tunnels (like The Lincoln Tunnel) in Philadelphia although when first proposed, the Walt Whitman Bridge was originally to be a tunnel. There is a 1.7 mile long commuter rail tunnel that runs under Center City Philadelphia as well as another short rail tunnel just west of that. There are automotive tunnels that carry 5th Street under the on-ramps to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, the 26th Street Tunnel under Penrose Avenue and the Spring Garden Street Tunnel that carries that street under The Ben Franklin Parkway and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. I-676 and a portion of the Roosevelt Expressway in North Philadelphia are in open cut trenches. I-676 is covered in some sections. Also a portion of I-95 in Queen Village is underground.
How to change digital signals to analog signals and again from analog to digital signals?
modem
Measuring usually the voltage of the analog signal many times a second in binary number code generates a digital signal,
and using a binary number code to control the voltage of an output results in a reproduced analog signal.
That is what is done for stuff like digital television.
A Modem (prior answer) is for when the analog signals are used to connect digital computers (like yours) together, usually over a long distance.
What is Load leveling in client server computing?
Load leveling is a process of making sure the server or servers do not go above a certain percentage of task load.
Load balancing is another means of taking several servers and distributing the compute load so that individual servers do not get overloaded with requests.
What is the efficiency of ascii character using asynchronous data with two stop bits?
The efficiency of ascii characters using asynchronous data transfer protocol with two stop bits is 8 in 11, or 72%.
There is one start bit, eight data bits*, and two stop bits. That is 11 bit cells, in which a payload of 8 bits is possible, hence the 8 in 11.
*Actually there are only 7 data bits in ASCII... latin-1 and several other incompatible extensions to ASCII have 8. Which one is in use varies between languages - many European countries use different encodings which have the same meanings for the first 128 characters but different for the second 128 depending on what extra characters are required in the language in question.
If the payload was 7 bits, for pure ASCII, then the efficiency with one start bit and two stop bits would be 7 in 10, or 70%.
A network system file is a type of file that contains configurations, settings, or data essential for the operation and management of network systems. These files can include information about network protocols, device configurations, or user permissions, and are typically used by network operating systems or applications to facilitate communication and connectivity between devices. Examples include configuration files for routers, switches, or firewalls. Proper management of these files is crucial for maintaining network security and performance.
1400watts equals how many amps?
Watts=Volts times Amps So without knowing the voltage the amps can be anything. At 100 Volts it'd be 14 Amps.
How do you transfer programs from your main drive to your slave drive?
Some programs can just be copied from one drive to the other. However, most programs will not work this way. You will probably have to uninstall the program from your master drive and then install it on your slave drive using the program's installation disk.
How much money do networkers make?
It depends on what kind of Networker you are ... Network Engineers make around 60k, while Network Designers can earn around 100k. There are several other types of networkers, also.
What is the function of the OSPF LSR packet?
It is used by the receiving routers to request more information about any entry in the DBD.
Which IP addresses are defined by RFC 1918 as private addresses?
"The RFC 1918 private network numbers are 10.0.0.0, Class Bs between 172.16.0.0 and 172.31.0.0 inclusive, and all Class C networks that begin with 192.168. All addresses that begin with 127 are reserved, but not as valid private IP addresses."
Non-vendor specific routing protocols?
RIP and OSpf are non-proprietary protocol
eigrp is a proprietary protocol i.e it is a vendor specific
What happens when the mac address table is full?
You will have to create a new which allows to cover all existing MACs and include new ones for future customers.
Networks that cover a broad georaphic area called?
The term "geographical area" is somewhat ambiguous. Generally speaking, there are 4 types of networks PAN (Personal Area Network), covers a short range, perhaps 20 foot diameter. This is what a bluetooth network usually is. LAN (Local Area Network), covers a building, and perhaps nearby buildings. A common stand alone office network is one of these. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), covers a wider area then a LAN, but less then a WAN. This is not a very common term, but is usually something along the lines of a business that has two buildings in the same city, but not very close to each other. WAN (Wide Area Network), any large network span. The internet itself is a form of WAN.
