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Photo from Iowa State University Extension.
Cilantro or coriander not only has two common names, but two entirely different identities and uses. Cilantro, Coriandrum sativum, describes the first or vegetative stage of the plant's life cycle. After the plant flowers and develops seeds, it is referred to as coriander.
Cilantro
Cilantro is the Spanish word for coriander leaves. It is also sometimes called Chinese or Mexican parsley. Technically, coriander refers to the entire plant. It is a member of the carrot family.
Chopped fresh leaves are widely used in Mexican and Tex-Mex cooking, where they are combined with chilies and added to salsas, guacamoles, and seasoned rice dishes.
Most people either LOVE IT or HATE IT. Taste experts aren't sure why, but for some people the smell of fresh coriander is fetid and the taste soapy. In other words, while most people love coriander, for some people, coriander just doesn't taste good.
When purchasing, look for leaves that are tender, aromatic, and very green. If it has no aroma, it will have no flavor. Avoid wilted bunches with yellowing leaves. Tip: Fresh cilantro does not keep well, and the flavor of dried is not comparable. To store fresh coriander, pick out any wilted leaves, and put it in a jar with water like a bunch of flowers. Cover the leaves with a plastic bag and put the whole thing in the refrigerator. Change the water every two days or so, picking out any wilted leaves when you do.
Coriander
Coriander is the dried seed of the cilantro. The seeds are round like tiny balls. They are used whole or ground as a flavoring for food and as a seasoning. The seeds are used in curries, curry powder, pickles, sausages, soups, stews, and ratatouille. The essential seed oil is used in various herbal remedies and dietary supplements, and to flavor gin, vermouth, liqueurs, tobacco and perfumery.
Spices range across all price points. Some are readily available and therefore very cheap but others can be as costly as gold.
It might not "go bad" as a week-old banana would, for instance, but with the possible exception of salt, which if kept dark and dry is virtually unchanged for centuries, almost all spices and herbs lose their "punch" and become ineffective after about two years, even if stored properly.
According to Wikipedia, its scientific name is Coriandrum sativum.
Volatile means to evaporate rapidly. Non volatile would then be not aromatic. If you can smell an oil then it is most likely evaporating. Can you smell the coriander? Then you are smelling the oils. This doesn't mean that there are not non volatile oil (glyrerides) in the spice.
use a blender.
You could also use a mortar and pestle or just chop them very finely with a knife.