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Database Programming

Databases are collections of tables that maintain and display information, often collaboratively; this information can be used for interaction with an application or gaining general knowledge. Questions about database engines and modifying or using them belong in this category.

8,803 Questions

Does Access designate the first field as the primary key field?

No. It does not designate any field you put in. That is something you have to do yourself. If you don't designate one, then it will ask you if you want to or if Access can put one in for you. If you allow Access to put one in, then it will insert a nwe field which will be an Autonumber field and this will be inserted at the top and so it will be the first field. It makes sense to have the first field as a key field, which is why it inserts it at the top, before the first field you put in. If you are setting your own, you should put that field in first, though you do not have to.

What is meant by clustering in adhoc networks?

clustering means backingup a server with another...dat means getting backup frm anther server when d actual server breaks down

Sample Sql query with explanation for selecting the alternate row from the table?

SELECT *

FROM ( SELECT FirstName LastName

FROM people

) @tempTable1

WHERE MOD(@temptable1.rn 2) 1

--even number query

SELECT *

FROM ( SELECT rownum rn firstname lastname

FROM people

) @temptable1

WHERE MOD(@temptable1.rn 3) 0

but it is not working properly...can anubody tell me what is rownum here...

What is schema theory?

Schemata influence our attention, as we are more likely to notice things that fit into our schema. If something contradicts our schema, it may be encoded or interpreted as an exception or as unique. Thus, schemata are prone to distortion. They influence what we look for in a situation. They have a tendency to remain unchanged, even in the face of contradictory information. We are inclined to place people who do not fit our schema in a "special" or "different" category, rather than to consider the possibility that our schema may be faulty. As a result of schemata, we might act in such a way that actually causes our expectations to come true.

How do you retrieve the target path of any existing shortcut such as a lnk file in Visual Basic?

Here is how to open a Windows Shortcut file Using VB6. This is a safe and documented method.

Create a New VB6 Project

In the Project References Add "Windows Script Host Object Model"

Place a Command Button on the form named CommandButton1

Click on CommandButton1

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()

Dim Oshell As New WshShell

Dim Osh As WshShortcut

Dim Fn As String

Dim Otarget As String

'Set the path and file name of the shortcut

Fn = "C:\shortcut path\shortcut filename.lnk"

'

' If the shortcut file is existing, it will open the existing file

'

Set Osh = Oshell.CreateShortcut(Fn)

Otarget = Osh.TargetPath

'

' Using the Watch window see the other properties of Osh object

'

End Sub

Does Access automatically creates and maintains an index for a table's primary key?

Access automatically creates an index for the primary key field in a table. In addition, Access automatically creates an index for any field name that contains the following letter sequences: code, ID, key, or num.

Explain the concept of Master-Child relationship with example tables of your own?

This page demonstrates the concept of Master-Child (Parent-Child) relationships with the help of a GridView and DetailsView control. You select any customer type in the GridView control; all records related to that particular type will be listed in the DetailsView. Then you can make Insert, Edit, Update and Delete functions in the DetailsView. {| ! scope="col" | Customer Type ! scope="col" | Select | Retailer Select Wholesale Select |}

How do you download pictures from a fujifilm camera with just the usb data cable and not the software?

You can't do that. Wait... let me rephrase that. You can't do that unless you want your computer to freeze up. I didn't want to use the software and my computer froze up. It wouldn't let me plug in my camera and everytime I shut down my computer, I couldn't get back on. Save yourself A LOT of trouble and just use the software. Sure, it's not easier than just plugging in your USB cord but you can get your pictures a lot faster.

What are the changeover approaches of an information system?

The process of putting the new information system online and retiring the old system is known as system changeover. There are four changeover methods which are: Ø Direct cutover: The direct cutover approach causes the changeover from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational. It is the least expensive but involves more risks than other changeover methods. Ø Parallel operation: The parallel operation changeover method requires that both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specified period. Data is input to both systems and output generated by the new system is compared with the equivalent output from the old system. When users, management, and IT group are satisfied that the new system operates correctly then the old system is terminated. It is the most costly changeover method and involves lower risks. Ø Pilot operation: The pilot changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of a company. Direct cutover method and operating both systems for only the pilot site. The group that uses the new system first is called the pilot site. By restricting the implementation to a pilot site reduces the risk of system failure as compared with is less expensive than a parallel system. Ø Phased operation: The phased operation changeover method involves implementing the new system in stages, or modules. We can implement each subsystem by using any of the other three changeover methods. In this approach risk of errors or failures is limited to the implemented module only as well as it is less expensive than the full parallel operation. For implementing child health information system we can use above methods but there are some advantages as well disadvantages of using these systems, which are explained below: Ø Direct cutover: = Advantage = As we know health centre does not have enough funds for implementing the new system so it would be easier to implement direct cutover method in the health centre. = Disadvantage = This method of system changeover involves more risks of total system failure and it is preferred for commercial software packages. So if there is a system failure in health centre then it will be difficult to store information of child who visits health centre. And if there is no proper storage then there will be incorrect reports and monitoring of child's health will not be properly done. Ø Parallel operation: = Advantage = The advantage of parallel system is lower risk of system failure so all the tasks can be done properly at health centre. If the new system does not work properly, the health centre can use the old manual system as a backup until appropriate changes are made. = Disadvantage = As we know parallel system is the most costly changeover method as both old and new systems operate fully for specified period and we also know that the budget of health centre is also low so it will be difficult for health centre to follow this changeover process. Ø Pilot operation: = Advantages = Pilot operation is combination of both direct cutover and parallel operation, which restricts the implementation to a pilot site and reduces risk of system failure as compared with a direct cutover method. Operating system only at pilot site is less expensive than parallel operation for entire health centre and all health centers. If we use parallel approach to complete the implementation then the changeover period can be much shorter if system proves successful at the pilot site so a lot of time will be consumed at health centre in implementing the new system. = Disadvantage = This method is also costly as compared to the direct cutover. Ø Phased operation: = Advantages = As we know in this method we have to implement the new system in stages, or modules, which is less prone to risk of system failure or errors at health centers, as failure is limited to the implemented module only. It is also less expensive than parallel system because we have to work only with one part of system at a time. = Disadvantage = As the system, which we are implementing, involves various phased operation like treatment, measuring weight, registration, vaccination etc so it can cost more than the pilot approach. As we can determine from above information that pilot approach is the best approach where we can see the combination of less risks as well as less implementation cost because. There are many health centers so we can implement the new system only at any one of the health centers to check whether it is working appropriately or not. And this method is also cheaper than all other methods except direct cut over where there are chances of risks here in this method risk of system failure is very less.

What are the key features of database software?

  • Alternatively, and especially in connection with the relational model of database management,the relation between attributes drawn from a specified set of domains can be seen as being primary. For instance, the database might indicate that a car that was originally "red" might fade to "pink" in time, provided it was of some particular "make" with an inferior paint job. Such higher arity relationships provide information on all of the underlying domains at the same time, with none of them being privileged above the others.

What is the difference between Formatted Text and Comma delimited?

In a comma delimited file, data is stored as free-form text with each value separated by a comma. Text data may or may not be quoted and numbers appear with signs and decimals as appropriate. Example:

"my data", 1, 2.5, 3

A fixed format file stores each value in a fixed position in the record. There are no delimiters in the record and you must know the format of the record and fields to properly interpret the information. Numeric fields usually do not contain decimal points (decimal position is implied by the column format) and the sign may be in a leading position or trailing position, or it may be 'zoned', meaning the sign is indicated by altering the lead bit in either the leading or trailing character. Negative digits would appear as a letter.

In the above example, if it was fixed format with 4 fields with the first being text of 10 characters followed by 3 numbers with 6 digits with 2 implied decimal places (i.e. 9999.99) the data would appear as:

my data 000100000250000300

What do you mean by degree in DBMS?

It is the number of attribute of its relation schema. Its is an association among two or more entities..

Difference between built in data type and user-defined datatype?

A built in data type is a framework's native data type. By default you'd probably have some built in generic data types, such as integer, string, boolean and so on.

In the other hand sometimes you can extend the framework's data types, by programminga user-defined data type. In this data type you have to define it's behaviour and structure, and once defined, you can use it the same way you use the default data types.

In PostgreSQL or Oracle, you can define data types. You can read about it on their webs.

Maintaining versus generating calculated fields in rdbms?

Well difference between maintaining and generating fields is simple. Simple table

Qty Bought Price Total paid (Calculated field)

1 £3 £3

2 £4 £8

Total is calculated field so when we maintain it we use a lilttle bit of memory to save the value and it will be always there for us so anytime we need it we just look it up. This however causes some problems if say the price will change we will need to update the field or else the data would be wrong. So in a large database if you have a lot of these calculated fields besides using a lot of memory you will need to update them frequently.

If however we generate a calculted field to find out total paid it may take a little longer time for the calcultaion but it will be updated and the value will be correct. In large databases I think generating calculated fields is a much better way to get data as it will save memory and time updating them.

If you have a database containing information about students then all the information about one student would be referred to as a?

The instructor is probably looking for the word "record" as the answer.

You shouldn't use answers.com to do homework. The answers aren't very timely...

1 How do you upload a database directly on to a server 2 how do you download the database from a server Kindly tell me all possibilities as soon sa possible.?

1) there are a few databases, if you are using MYSQL or MSSQL or just a CV file

2) If it's a MSSQL just use the IMPORT and Export manger, if its MYSQL just use the MYSQL dump to a *.sql file

Take in consideration that most dedicated server over the internet are not working on default port due to hacking.

And there are many softwares in www.download.com to BACKUP MYSQL and MSSQL server.

Anyways learn to ask a question.

What are two whole numbers whose product is 72?

72 * 1 = 72, 36 * 2 = 72, 18 * 4 = 72, 9 * 8 = 72, 3 * 24 = 72, and 6 * 12 = 72

Is relational database better than manual database?

It really depends on the purpose of the database. For some function relational would be better, for some manual would be.

You might want to research the application you wish to incorporate.

What is the contribution of set theory in rdbms?

set - A collection of well defined and distinct objects. eg:emp={001,002,003,004....}

Relation - table(employee)

tuple -row(which employee)

attribute-column(details about that employee)

set theory says what all can be done with relation(table) with various operators

union ,intersection,=,!=,<> etc

The default port number for the url?

The default port number depends on the protocol. If a URL starts, for example, with "http://", then the default port number will be 80. For other protocols, other default port numbers are used.

The default port number depends on the protocol. If a URL starts, for example, with "http://", then the default port number will be 80. For other protocols, other default port numbers are used.

The default port number depends on the protocol. If a URL starts, for example, with "http://", then the default port number will be 80. For other protocols, other default port numbers are used.

The default port number depends on the protocol. If a URL starts, for example, with "http://", then the default port number will be 80. For other protocols, other default port numbers are used.