First Aid

Indian Potato (Hedysarum alpinum, H. hedysaroides) Bear Root (Hedysarum mackenzii) Other Names: Eskimo potato, masru, Alaska carrot, licorice root (H. alpinum; H. hedysaroides); Wild sweetpea (Hedysarum mackenzii). Pea Family: (Leguminosae). Bear Root Physical Description: Hedysarum mackenzii (PICTURED ABOVE) a: grows to 2 1/2 feet; b: showy reddish-purple flowers that are arranged in clusters (racemes); c: pods (loments) are hairy, cross-veined, and have 3 to 8 joints; d: undersides of leaves are whitish and felty. Veins are hidden. Roots are inedible and can cause severe digestive upset. This species is regarded as poisonous. Indian Potato Physical Description: Hedysarum alpinum (PICTURED ABOVE) e: grows up to 2 1/2 feet; f: flower clusters are tapered and narrow at the top; g: pods are smooth and net-veined. H. alpinum pods have 1 to 3 joints; h: leaves are smooth; veins on underside are obvious. Roots are edible. Habitat and Range: Indian potato and bear root share similar habitats, namely gravel river bars, roadsides, rocky hillsides, and meadows. H. hedysaroides and H. alpinum are noted as edibles in the Hedysarum genus. Collectively they range from northern Alaska and the Yukon to British Columbia. Their range frequently overlaps with H. mackenzii, a species reported to be toxic. Species of unknown edibility, such as H. boreale(the Yukon to Oregon) and H. sulphurescens (British Columbia to Washington) also occur. Hedysarum: Genus to Be-A-Ware: Unlike many genera where some species are more tasty than others but all are harmless, the Hedysarums have distinct differences in safety. To harvest, you must be aware, noting subtle variations in leaf and flower structure between species. Foragers careless in identification are risking digestive disturbances. Though H. mackenzii isn't apt to be lethal, it is unsuited for human consumption. Athabascans refer to mackenzii as 'brown bear food.' Alaska's other Hedysarum species (alpinum/hedysaroides), however, are highly regarded for human use. Both H. alpinum and H. hedysaroides have smooth leaves with obvious veins on the underside of their leaves. H. hedysaroides has a shorter and darker colored flower cluster than alpinum. The top of the clusters in both are tapered, and narrower in appearance than H. mackenzii. Pods are smooth and net-veined. Harvest Calendar: Early spring or fall after frost for roots. The time of the harvest creates a problem for foragers. The plants are most easily and positively identified during the summer, precisely when the roots are dry and stringy. Foragers should mark a patch carefully, taking note as to whether any toxic bear root is present. In fall, when the foliage has died back and the roots are sweet, the forager can return and safely harvest. Natives, who rely heavily on this food source, can identify Hedysarum species simply by the appearance of the root. The 'bear food' tends to have shorter, less branched taproots. Food Use: Like garden parsnips, the roots of Indian potato are sweetened by frost. The plump fall or spring roots can be washed and eaten raw like carrots, grated into coleslaw, sliced and stir-fried, steamed as a dinner vegetable, simmered in stews, or added to boiled dinners. Try tatercakes when camping, serve them as a breakfast pancake, or as a supper potato substitute. Dena'ina Athabascans feed the softened roots to infants who lack mother's milk. The food is an important staple, which is stored in quantity in underground food caches. The Dena'ina refer to H. alpinum as k'tl'ila meaning "rope," an apt description of the root that grows to two feet long. H. mackenzii is ggagga k'tl'ina, which translates as "good food for bears." Interior Athabascans gather Indian potato in fall and store the roots, mixed wish fish oil and Rubus chamaemorus berries in cellars for winter use. Flora Kokrine, an Athabascan born in Tanana, Alaska, favors roots fried in oil. Elder Howard Luke of Nenana says he adds the roots to moose soup. Kobuk River Eskimos crush H. alpinum root, called 'masru' and use as butter. Roots are often taken from mouse holes and replaced with fish or other food. According to Inupiat teachings, masru should always be eaten with oil. Eating the root plain can cause constipation. del.icio.us Tags: indian_potato hedysarum_alpinumhedysarum_hedysaroides eskimo_potato_masrualaska_carrot licorice_root Hedysrum_alpinumwild_sweetpea hedysrum_mackenzii pea_familyleguminosae

Indian Potato (Hedysarum alpinum, H. hedysaroides) Bear Root (Hedysarum mackenzii) Other Names: Eskimo potato, masru, Alaska carrot, licorice root (H. alpinum; H. hedysaroides); Wild sweetpea (Hedysarum mackenzii). Pea Family: (Leguminosae). Bear Root Physical Description: Hedysarum mackenzii a: grows to 2 1/2 feet; b: showy reddish-purple flowers that are arranged in clusters (racemes); c: pods (loments) are hairy, cross-veined, and have 3 to 8 joints; d: undersides of leaves are whitish and felty. Veins are hidden. Roots are inedible and can cause severe digestive upset. This species is regarded as poisonous. Indian Potato Physical Description: Hedysarum alpinum e: grows up to 2 1/2 feet; f: flower clusters are tapered and narrow at the top; g: pods are smooth and net-veined. H. alpinum pods have 1 to 3 joints; h: leaves are smooth; veins on underside are obvious. Roots are edible. Habitat and Range: Indian potato and bear root share similar habitats, namely gravel river bars, roadsides, rocky hillsides, and meadows. H. hedysaroides and H. alpinum are noted as edibles in the Hedysarum genus. Collectively they range from northern Alaska and the Yukon to British Columbia. Their range frequently overlaps with H. mackenzii, a species reported to be toxic. Species of unknown edibility, such as H. boreale (the Yukon to Oregon) and H. sulphurescens (British Columbia to Washington) also occur. Hedysarum: Genus to Be-A-Ware: Unlike many genera where some species are more tasty than others but all are harmless, the Hedysarums have distinct differences in safety. To harvest, you must be aware, noting subtle variations in leaf and flower structure between species. Foragers careless in identification are risking digestive disturbances. Though H. mackenzii isn't apt to be lethal, it is unsuited for human consumption. Athabascans refer to mackenzii as 'brown bear food.' Alaska's other Hedysarum species (alpinum/hedysaroides), however, are highly regarded for human use. Both H. alpinum and H. hedysaroides have smooth leaves with obvious veins on the underside of their leaves. H. hedysaroides has a shorter and darker colored flower cluster than alpinum. The top of the clusters in both are tapered, and narrower in appearance than H. mackenzii. Pods are smooth and net-veined. Harvest Calendar: Early spring or fall after frost for roots. The time of the harvest creates a problem for foragers. The plants are most easily and positively identified during the summer, precisely when the roots are dry and stringy. Foragers should mark a patch carefully, taking note as to whether any toxic bear root is present. In fall, when the foliage has died back and the roots are sweet, the forager can return and safely harvest. Natives, who rely heavily on this food source, can identify Hedysarum species simply by the appearance of the root. The 'bear food' tends to have shorter, less branched taproots. Food Use: Like garden parsnips, the roots of Indian potato are sweetened by frost. The plump fall or spring roots can be washed and eaten raw like carrots, grated into coleslaw, sliced and stir-fried, steamed as a dinner vegetable, simmered in stews, or added to boiled dinners. Try tatercakes when camping, serve them as a breakfast pancake, or as a supper potato substitute. Dena'ina Athabascans feed the softened roots to infants who lack mother's milk. The food is an important staple, which is stored in quantity in underground food caches. The Dena'ina refer to H. alpinum as k'tl'ila meaning "rope," an apt description of the root that grows to two feet long. H. mackenzii is ggagga k'tl'ina, which translates as "good food for bears." Interior Athabascans gather Indian potato in fall and store the roots, mixed wish fish oil and Rubus chamaemorus berries in cellars for winter use. Flora Kokrine, an Athabascan born in Tanana, Alaska, favors roots fried in oil. Elder Howard Luke of Nenana says he adds the roots to moose soup. Kobuk River Eskimos crush H. alpinum root, called 'masru' and use as butter. Roots are often taken from mouse holes and replaced with fish or other food. According to Inupiat teachings, masru should always be eaten with oil. Eating the root plain can cause constipation. del.icio.us Tags: indian_potato hedysarum_alpinumhedysarum_hedysaroides eskimo_potato_masrualaska_carrot licorice_root Hedysrum_alpinumwild_sweetpea hedysrum_mackenzii pea_familyleguminosae

'Can you hear me?', 'Open your eyes'

and gently shaking their shoulders.

If there is a response:

• If there is no further danger, leave the casualty in the position found and summon help if needed.
• Treat any condition found and monitor vital signs - level of response, pulse and breathing.
• Continue monitoring the casualty either until help arrives or he recovers.

If there is no response:

• Shout for help.
• If possible, leave the casualty in the position found and open the airway.
• If this is not possible, turn the casualty onto their back and open the airway.

This will move the casualty's tongue away from the back of the mouth.

• Look, listen and feel for no more than 10 seconds to see if the casualty is breathing normally.
• Look to see if the chest is rising and falling. Listen for breathing.
• Feel for breath against your cheek.

If the casualty is breathing normally, place them in the recovery position.

• Check for other life-threatening conditions such as severe bleeding and treat as necessary.

If the casualty is not breathing normallyor if you have any doubt whether breathing is normal begin CPR:

• CPR for adults
  • If you have someone with you, send them to Dial 999 (or 112) for an ambulanceimmediately.
  • If you are alone Dial 999 (or 112) for an ambulance immediately and then return to help the casualty.
• CPR for child/infant (one year to puberty)
  • If you have someone with you, send them to Dial 999 (or 112) for an ambulanceimmediately.
  • If you are on your own carry out CPR for 1 minbefore dialling 999 (or 112) for an ambulance.
• CPR for babies (birth to one year)
  • If you have someone with you, send them to Dial 999 (or 112) for an ambulanceimmediately.
  • If you are on your own carry out CPR for one min before dialling 999 (or 112) for an ambulance.

Awareness campaign strategy among illiterates for first aid

One of the ideal strategies for awareness campaign for first aid among illiterates is that going to each and every illiterate and tell them to keep first aid kit and a manual of first aid whenever situation demands first aid, an educated person around them should be called who would take requisite action as mentioned in manual. If injury is serious and first aid is not adequate in that case medical care shall be consulted.

by,

MOHIT RAJPAL

DPS SONEPAT

X-B