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History of Judaism
The History of Judaism is the history of the Jewish people, their religion and culture, tracing back to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob of the 18th c. BCE. The earliest mention of Israel as a people was discovered in an inscription on the Merneptah Stele from the 1200s BCE.
1,396 Questions
Why is Passover significant for the Jewish people and for Jesus?
On the night of Christ's betrayal and arrest, He and the disciples had not long before finished celebrating the Passover meal at which the sacrament of Holy Communion was instituted by Christ himself.
How were Jewish people treated in England and Europe in the past centuries?
Answer 1
The question is much too broad. Try asking about a specific country or century.
There were places and periods of prosperity, and there were times and periods (often in the same places) of attacks, blood-libels, pogroms, massacres, expulsions, the Crusades, and the Holocaust.
Answer 2
Before answering, it is important to note how overly broad and general this question is. People have written books on Jewish history that within them cover just a few days (like books on the Six-Day War), so writing about two millennia of Jewish History would be next to impossible. However, I will attempt an extremely broad coverage of different events using numbers sequentially and letters regionally. (i.e. 1A and 1B both happen at the same time but in different places and 1B and 2B happen in the same place but 1B happened before 2B.)
Regions: A = Western Europe, B = Germany and North Central Europe, C = Eastern Europe.
1A) As the Roman Empire disintegrates, the Medieval Christian states begin to impose harsh laws on the Jews but allow them to practice Judaism openly if they follow these rules. Typically the community would be allowed to live in one neighborhood, called a "ghetto" (after the Venetian neighborhood so designated), under the stewardship of a Kahal (or Jewish Board of Directors). However, the cities allowing Jews to set up these types of neighborhoods were few and far between, leading many Jews to emigrate out of Western Europe and further east to find sanctuary. In addition, Jews were banned from many occupations which lead them into very specialized fields. Anti-Semitism was pervasive and common which lead to numerous pogroms and religiously incited massacres. Judaism was also defined religiously at this point, which meant that a Jew could convert to Christianity and become just as accepted to them as native-born Christians. Rabbis in these Kahals correspond with their counterparts in the Arab World.
1BC) Jews begin to arrive in these regions due to more fluid borders and less stringent obligations. The Jews moving to Central and Eastern Europe (most often from Western Europe) are typically poorer than those who remained in the Western European cities. Anti-Semitism was still pervasive, but Jewish communities could usually avoid the major cities and instead live as farmers.
2A) Western Europe became more and more Anti-Semitic. Beginning with the Expulsions from Spain and Portugal, Western Europe begins to formalize the Jewish-Race concept wherein there is something wrong with the Jew that makes him unfit for European civilization (converting to Christianity will not fix him). Jews have minimal involvement in France and slowly begin to return to the United Kingdom (they were expelled in 1290). Western European Jews tried to challenge convention, but were much less successful than their German and Dutch brethren. In the 1700s and 1800s, the Jews of the United Kingdom began to gain more rights and political freedoms.
2B) The German Jewish community really begins to develop and urbanize during this period, becoming much more similar to the Western European communities than the Eastern European communities. They deal with many of the same problems and restrictions that Western European Jews do, but a more tolerant atmosphere in Germany lends itself to the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah), in which Jews begin to join the Modern European discussions on Rights and Freedoms. German Jews begin to assert that they can be European citizens without giving up their religious background. By the mid-1800s, German Jews have founded what are now known as the Conservative, Reform, and Secular Movements in Judaism. In the Netherlands, the Jewish community was able to openly practice without discrimination, making Amsterdam a haven for many Jews fleeing Western Europe. As a result of Amsterdam's freer intermingling, Jews there were also able to participate in the wider phenomenon of Modernization.
2C) The Eastern Jewish community, although poor and much maligned by their Christian neighbors begins to become the largest center of Jewish population (with numbers roughly equivalent to every other Jewish community combined). Unburdened with the in-city laws and restricted territories (they lived outside of the city limits and were farmers as opposed to tradesmen), they began to spread. However, the Eastern European Jewish community began to come under direct fire from European imperial governments seeking to ethnically cleanse themselves of Jews. Anti-Semitism becomes much more entrenched and institutionalized as the countries of Eastern Europe begin to modernize. The 1700s sees the rise of the Orthodox Jewish Hasidic and Mitnaged Movements, which showcase Jewish spirituality by interpreting the Jewish tradition in interaction with modernity, holistically, and scholastically respectively.
3AB) The Modern European states began to integrate Jews more fully in society after the Napoleonic era. This meant that Jews were able to fight in European armies and live wherever they wished. However, there was huge backlash. Anti-Semitism manifested in new pseudo-scientific forms which explained that Jews were deficient and this is what led to their differences and impossibility of being proper Europeans. This sentiment explains the rise of Zionism as a way for the Jews to create a state that would cater to their interest away from European questions over the possibility of Jewish integration. The Anti-Semitism expressed in modern Western and Central Europe was directly responsible for the Holocaust which effectively exterminated the majority of the Jewish population in all European countries except the United Kingdom (for obvious reasons).
3C) Eastern European Judaism did not change much other than the fact the Mitnaged and Hasidic movements merged together to form the modern Haredi (ultra-orthodox) community. Eastern European Jewry lost the large majority of its Jewish population in the Holocaust.
Is the Jewish God called Yahweh?
No, Jews never use that spelling.
The name of God (YHWH) is not pronounceable, partly due to to a religious prohibition for Jews (Talmud, Sanhedrin ch.11), and partly due to the fact that the way in which it is pronounced has been lost to history. While the Temple in Jerusalem still stood, only the Kohen Gadol would pronounce the name of God (×™×â€Ã—•×â€) and only one day a year. The remainder of the time, less explicit names of God, such as Adonai or Elohim, were used; and that is what we do today too.
Who freed the Jewish prisoners from the concentration camps?
The Soviet Union was the first country to liberate the Jews. The United States reached the camps in April and May, 1945.
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Liberation took place camp by camp as the Allies advanced. Most Jews were dead by the time the Allies reached the camps.
Why did the ancient Hebrews settle in Canaan?
God gave Abraham the land of Canaan, modern day Israel.
How many people died in The Battle of Jericho?
The alleged battle of Jericho involving Joshua reported in the Old Testament did not occur as the city site was unoccupied at the time.
What was an effect of the interaction between the Chaldeans and the ancient Hebrews?
Since the Hebrews and non-Hebrews lived side by side in Chaldean Mesopotamia, there may have been some borrowing in language or other minor matters. But in terms of fundamental beliefs, the two are quite different.Judaism, according to tradition, has always been monotheistic. Even at the height of the unfortunate spread of idolatry among the less-loyal Ten Tribes, there were thousands who remained loyal to God (1 Kings 19:18).
(See: Judaism and monotheism)
The Chaldeans, however, believed in a number of deities, which sometimes led to aberrations in people's behavior (See: Cruelties of the polytheists). This was among the reasons why Abraham the Hebrew founded ethical monotheism.
It may be noted that there are certain comparative similarities that can be found among the two ancient populations (Hebrews and Chaldean non-Hebrews). According to tradition, this did not stem from borrowing, but rather from the existence of an even older tradition; the worldwide one stemming from Noah. This is, for example, why (almost all) people over the entire world believed in the existence of the soul, the afterlife, the significance of the number seven, the institution of marriage, the abhorrence of cannibalism, etc.
Why was King David's reign so important in Jewish history?
1) King David authored/compiled the book of Psalms and gave it to us in its present form (Talmud, Bava Batra 14b). The Psalms (Tehillim), which we might call the soul of the Jewish people, express the yearning of King David and of the entire nation to be close to God. They are one of the foundations of our prayerbook to this day.
2) King David was the one who finally succeeded in subduing all of the surrounding nations (see 2 Samuel ch.8 and ch.10) plus the entire territory of Israel, something which no one else did previously or subsequently. He succeeded in all his endeavors (1 Samuel 16:18).
3) He secured from the prophet Nathan a promise from God that his (David's) son Solomon would build the Holy Temple (2 Samuel ch.7). The First Temple is actually considered the accomplishment of David himself (Rashi commentary, Berakhot 18a), since it existed in his merit (Sefer Torat Chaim, commenting on Talmud, Shabbat 30a).
4) He set the blueprints, with Divine inspiration, for the Holy Temple (1 Chronicles 28:19). Together with the prophet Samuel, he located the spot where the Temple would be built (Talmud, Zevachim 54b); and he dug the foundations for the Temple (Talmud, Sukkah 53a).
5) He amassed vast amounts of material and precious metals for the construction of the Temple (1 Chronicles ch.29).
6) Together with Samuel, he instituted the 24 groupings of families of Kohanim and Levites (Talmud, Taanit 27a).
7) He served God all the days of his life (1 Kings 11:38); and God was with him (1 Samuel 16:18).
8) He was without peer in clarifying and applying the halakhot (laws) of the Oral Tradition (Talmud, Sanhedrin 93b).
9) King David serves as the archetype of the effectiveness of repentance (Talmud, Avodah Zarah 4b).
How did the ancient Hebrews impact our modern world?
==new answer== The best is yet to come. In the universal language of mind, Israelites anre the keepers of the secrets.
http://som.org/NewPages/Newsite07/SOMBar/Books/Titles/Matthew.HTML
How many Jews are still alive today?
350000
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Where does that very high figure come from?
You also need to date the estimate, as there are fewer Holocausts survivors every year. In 2012, there are probably only 260,000 Holocaust survivors left.
When did Jews begin to arrive in Europe?
Jews have been migrating to Europe ever since the start of Judaism.
What was the name of the agreement that marked the beginning of Jewish history?
I believe this is the convenant that God made with Abraham to make of Abraham's family a great nation.
Why did the pharisees questioned Jesus about the sabbath?
He simply did not disagree with any of God's Commandments. He corrected the wrong interpretations of the day's religious leaders. These followed the letter of the Law and created additional restraints within it so that it became a heavy burden upon the people. Jesus showed the spiritual meaning of the Law, enlarging it to its original intent and obeyed it fully as the Lord of the Sabbath. After all, as all was created via Jesus as John 1: 1-3 clearly states, then it was He who gave the Sabbath rest to mankind in Genesis and fully understood its intended purpose.
What are the causes for Zionism?
Herzl explained quite well that the European concept of a nation-state was dependent on the idea that all of the people in any particular nation were of the same ethnic stock and heritage. Jews were branded by this system to be "the Other" and were regarded at best as possible equals and at worse as traitors, spies, thieves, and fifth columns. When the Dreyfus Affair turned out marches in Paris that said "Death to the Jews" on account of a kangaroo court against a particular guiltless Jew, it became clear that the Jew could not be integrated into Europe. After the Holocaust, the strongest proof that the Jew and the European Nation-State were irreconcilable, this view persists. In Europe, it is now directed at the Muslims since the Jews are not large enough of a threat to the European System. Unlike Muslims, though, which can return to their countries of origin if the discrimination becomes intolerable, the Jews did not have such a place. This is why the Jewish State is necessary. Since it came into existence it has accepted Jewish political refugees from over 50 nations and flown missions at its own expense to rescue Jews from at least 10 nations.
How did the US respond to the rise of Hitler?
The US was still following the policiy of isolationism.
When Nebuchadnezzar exiled the Jews to Babylon what was the name of that period in Jewish history?
The Babylonian Exile (or Galut Bavel in Hebrew).
Other information1) The general spiritual reason for the Babylonian Exile was that God had found the people of Judah to be below the spiritual level that was a requisite for having His presence remain among them. The prophets had warned them (Jeremiah 7:25) but were not sufficiently heeded (2 Chronicles 36:16). Once God's presence no longer felt welcome in the Holy Temple, its destruction was just a matter of time (Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 31a, and midrash Eichah Rabbah 1:43).
A more specific spiritual reason was the egregious sins of Menasheh, king of Judah (2 Kings 21:11-13 and 24:3).
2) The temporal circumstance was the fact that King Yehoiakim, after having been obedient to Nevuchadnezzar (king of Babylonia), became insubordinate (2 Kings 24:1); and Nevuchadnezzar responded by conquering the land of Judah, destroying the First Temple and exiling the populace.
Some positive results: the false prophets, at long last, were silenced forever. They had predicted that Judah would remain independent of Babylonia (Jeremiah ch.27) and no Destruction would take place.
Also, the lure of idolatry finally weakened, since the Destruction and Exile happened exactly as predicted by the true Prophets, who were the same ones who had spoken ceaselessly against dabbling in idolatry.
What are the major ideas of Judaism?
Judaism is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people. Originating in the Hebrew Bible (also known as the Tanakh) and explored in later texts such as the Talmud, it is considered by Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God developed with the Children of Israel. According to traditional Rabbinic Judaism, God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. This was historically challenged by the Karaites, a movement that flourished in the medieval period, retains several thousand followers today and maintains that only the Written Torah was revealed. In modern times, liberal movements such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic.
Judaism claims a historical continuity spanning more than 3000 years. It is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, and the oldest to survive into the present day. The Hebrews / Israelites were already referred to as Jews in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the term Jews replacing the title "Children of Israel." Judaism's texts, traditions and values play a major role in later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam and the Baha'i Faith. Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law.
Jews are an ethnoreligious group that includes those born Jewish and converts to Judaism. In 2007, the world Jewish population was estimated at 13 million, of whom about 40% reside in Israel and 40% in the United States.[1 The largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism. A major source of difference between these groups is their approach to Jewish law. Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin, eternal and unalterable, and that they should be strictly followed. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more "traditional" interpretation of Judaism's requirements than Reform Judaism. A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews. Historically, special courts enforced Jewish law; today, these courts still exist but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary. Authority on theological and legal matters is not vested in any one person or organization, but in the sacred texts and the many rabbis and scholars who interpret these texts.
What was the impact of the Rise of Zionism on the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Arab Nationalism as a movement developed as a movement in opposition to European Colonialism and Imperialism. Using European conceptions of the nation-state, Arabs declared that they should not be under the heel of a foreign government from abroad and articulated their own cultural values. This was a fundamental change in government from the pre-European leadership in the Middle East, which was predominantly Islamic Caliphates. The Islamic Caliphates were imperial monarchies united by religion in a quasi-theocratic ideology as opposed to Arab Nationalism which called for European-style secular republics based on the Arab national identity.
European Colonialism had nothing to do with the development of Zionism. Zionism developed in reaction to the nationalism in southeastern Europe. Some Jews in Europe believed that the only way to solve the "Jewish Question" satisfactorily would be to create a Jewish State, forming the Jewish Nationalist movement or Zionism. Zionists tried to convince the Ottoman Empire to allow the Jews to establish such a state in Ottoman Palestine. When the Ottomans proved disinterested, the Zionists endeavored with the European Powers to help establish a Jewish State. The Germans, French, and British declared interest in doing this and when Palestine fell under British control, Zionism began to be realized in the British Mandate.
What are two main vegetation zones in both ancient Egypt and the Middle East?
The Desert, or better known as the Desert Scrub, makes up most of Egypt and the middle kingdom. The other major vegetation zone is the Nile, due to the yearly flooding, so that wheat, barley, reed, papyrus, and other plants can grow. So, 1: Desert 2:Nile River (wooded area)
What was the purpose behind Kristallnacht?
Kristallnacht had many purposes. Among them are the following:
1) Engaging Germans in Anti-Semitism: Although Hitler was popular and his reforms pleased many Germans, there was still substantial resistance to the notion that Jews should be treated drastically worse than everybody else. Kristallnacht created a way for those who were "on-the-fence" to join in with the Anti-Semitic Acts and feel like they were a part of something larger.
2) Setting the Tone: Hitler carefully calculated how much Anti-Semitism he could bring about at any one time so that his population would not be alienated by a rapid shift in policy. Kristallnacht set a new tone which showed that Jews could no longer truly be safe in the Nazi State, even if they were denied all of their rights. This laid the groundwork for the re-ghetto-ization of the Jewish communities and eventual exterminations of those communities.
3) Promulgating Fear: Outside of the Nazi Leadership, nobody expected Kristallnacht and its outburst made many Jews fearful of what could happen to them in the future. The not-knowing made it especially painful.
4) Lower Human Emotions: Greed, Power, Zealotry and other highly charged emotions also formed rationales for the actions on Kristallnacht.
Was Vladimir Putins mother Jewish?
According to official Russian documents, yes, her nationality was listed as Jewish. This can be seen on Vladimir Putins own Passport documents as parents nationalities must be named. This was and is a common practice in Russia, putting "Jewish" as a nationality eve though they may have lived in Russia for centuries.
What is international Zionism?
Zionism is the belief that the Jews should have political self-sovereignty and is the patriotic sentiment behind the Establishment of the State of Israel. A Zionist is anyone who supports that belief and therefore the Existence of Israel. There are numerous Zionists, typically called "left-wing Zionists", who are more than willing to negotiate with Palestinians and give up a portion of Mandatory Palestine for an Arab State. There are also numerous Zionists, typically called "right-wing Zionists" or "Greater Israel Zionists", who believe that all of Israel is Jewish land and united Jerusalem is its capital and that the the Jewish Temple to God will be rebuilt someday, most likely on top of the Temple Mount.
Answer 1
yes she clearly is one.
she danced in madina the holy place for muslims.
her music conveys satanic messages.
in one of her songs she shape shifts into a dog
research and watch documentaries then you'll be able to points these things out.
Update: She portrayed herself as the queen at the halftime show on Superbowl 46 and did a Zionist ritual as she welcomed a new initiate in a white robe.
Answer 2
And now for something that is not comic relief...
Madonna has never expressed an exact opinion on the State of Israel, but considering that she has performed concerts there, it stands to reason that she supports the State of Israel's Right to Exist. So, she is likely a Zionist according to the definition of Zionism: a belief that the Jews should have political self-sovereignty and is the patriotic sentiment behind the Establishment of the State of Israel.
Unfortunately, many people use the term "Zionism" to refer to a non-existent cabal of Jews who "control the world". As such a cabal does not actually exist, Madonna cannot be a part of it.
