Hydro Power

PROS = Hydroelectric energy offers a number of advantages for people who use it, the environment, and electricity suppliers. Read on to learn more about the advantages of hydroelectric power:
1. Using this type of energy to generate electricity is not dependent upon the price of uranium, oil, or other types of fuel. This makes electricity costs lower and more stable, one of its most significant advantages.
2. The pollution created by hydroelectric energy generation is quite minimal. There is some pollution involved in initially constructing the power stations, but this is true of all power plants. It also does not produce radioactive waste or involve the environmental impact of fuel being transported to it.
3. It doesn't require many employees to run a hydroelectric station. According to wikipedia.org, most plants of this type are largely automated. This is another one of the advantages which help keep the cost of hydroelectricity low.
4. Hydroelectric power stations can be set up in almost any size, depending upon the river or stream used to operate them; big enough to power a single home, factory, small town, or large city.
5. Another of its advantages is that hydroelectric is a renewable form of energy, like wind and solar; it does not rely upon finite resources like natural gas or coal to generate power.
6. Hydroelectric stations can operate for many years after they are built. Wikipedia.org states that a number of operational hydro stations were constructed fifty to one-hundred years ago; in contrast to this, IAEA.org indicates that the "design life" of nuclear power plants is generally thirty to forty years.
7. Small hydro electricity generation systems sometimes offer more economic advantages for home owners than solar power, and tend to last longer than solar panels do.
The above-mentioned factors make hydroelectric a form of energy generation which offers advantages with regard to cost, pollution, flexibility of installation, and conservation of resources.


CONS= 1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems: The dams developed across the rivers can disturb the aquatic life and lead to their large scale destruction. There are chances that the fishes and other water animals may enter the penstock and ultimately the power generation turbines where they may get crashed. The dams can also disturb the mating seasons and mating areas of the water animals.
In some cases the water animals have to swim against the water stream during breeding seasons, in such cases the dams create hindrances on their paths. Such animals can also get trapped in the turbines and loose lives on large scale.
2) Disruption in the surrounding areas: The plant and animal life around the rivers thrives due to continuous fresh flowing water in the river. Due to construction of the dams lots of areas have to be cleared that disrupt the plant and animal life. In many cases even a number of trees have to be cut that destroys not only the plant life but also the animals dependent on them. Even changing the course of flow of water in the river due to construction of dam disrupts the plants and animals life.
3) Requires large areas: The construction of dam, the power generation unit and the transformers and their connection to the national grid acquires large areas of the forest. The larger the land acquired for the dam, more is the disturbance to the natural ecosystem in the surrounding forest areas.
4) Large scale human displacement: For the construction of the dams even the human beings living in the areas surrounding the river have to be shifted. Human beings tend to have strong attachments to the lands occupied by them and their ancestors since hundreds of years. It is not easy to convince the people to leave the lands. People are convinced or forced to leave the land which not only is their shelter but also the source of income. In many instances, when people are snatched away of their lands, they are not given proper remuneration and the other land for resettlement. This creates large scale oppositions and revolts against construction of the dams.
In India we have seen one of the biggest oppositions to the one of the biggest hydroelectric power project named "Sardar Sarovar." Though millions of people are to benefit from the project, government didn't manage the important issue of the resettlement of people who were displaced from the adjoining areas of project. This led to one of biggest protest in Indian history, which saw a number of hunger strikes, protest marches and even the police attacks on the protesters.


hope this helps

there is a project in the andeas where instead of turning the turbines using water they poo down these shoots and when the poo hits the turbines they move and create electricity

No, because a large source of gravity feed from a free water source must be available.

With the low elevation at most large water sources/rivers in Singapore, the power generated would not be sufficient to justify the cost of such construction.

Armenia

A large hydropower dam on average costs 1800 million in 2010 USD with an average installed capacity of 630 MW.

to allow wast to settle out naturally

158.

71 more are going to be built by 2017, including the infamous Belo Monte dam.

Fuel oil or heating oil. IT's similar to diesel fuel and come in two grades. No 1 and 2. One is thinner and is used in cold climates.

YES! That would be a violation of the local building code typically requiring an authorized electrician to do the hookup, and it would be trespassing to the property of the power company, among other things. A standard fine starts at around $1,000 per day, in conformity to national guidelines.

Thus, solar energy is used indirectly when the wind and some types of moving water are used to do work.

Yes, one famous scientist who worked on hydropower energy is James B. Francis, an American engineer known for his work on hydraulic engineering and the development of the Francis turbine, a widely used water turbine in hydropower plants. Another notable figure is Nikola Tesla, who explored the potential of hydroelectricity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

In the near future, most electricity will come from hydroelectric, Solar and Wind energy technology and or a mixture of all

penstock

Solar energy is renewable. and it is a natural energy .

The size of the stator should be expanded by using higher gage and more winding, the size of the rotor should also be expanded to bigger size. The most important is the speed of the water flow which will gear up the rotor faster.

The blades of an axial flow turbine have the aerofoil shape...

Also,for the axial flow turbines... Vf1=Vf2

The water strikes the blade surface at the same time from the root to its tip and a stream of water will leave the water at the correspondin trailing edge.

Therefore,for inlet to outlet,the radius and blade velocity will be the same,BUT the blade velocity will be different at different sections of the blade due to variation in the radial distance,which implies that the velocity triangles for each section of the blade will be different.In order to achieve shockless flow,the inlet and outlet triangles of a blade must vary from root to its tip,and therefore,axial flow turbine blades are twisted...

Electrical energy is got especially by the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. To do such phenomenon we need mechanical rotational energy. This rotational energy could be derived from many ways. We may covert water into high pressurized steam by using heat derive from coal or atomic power. Other wise we can use the potential energy stored as we store water in a reservoir. This water as it falls it gives out kinetic energy which in turn rotates the turbine to produce electricity. Hence the electric energy thus produced is named as hydro electrical energy. Hydro stands for water.

chloroplast

Pelton wheel could be used to lift water from a lower source (lake or something) to pour into a high place. Another use, it could be used to dig into the earth, the wheel have the shape of a milling cutter, it can open channels in the ground or something. It could also be used to measure the speed of a fluid, if connected to a dynamo meter, the speed of flow could be read via voltage. These are some applications.

BY:

FAISAL RAFIQUE

For many centuries water mills were used to grind corn, but obviously not to produce electricity. That has been done since about 1880, ie as long as electricity has been known about.

The runaway speed of a hydraulic turbine is the speed at which the turbine coupled to the generator runs at the maximum possible speed due to loss of load and this happens until the shut off valves completely closes the discharge from the penstock.

the runaway speed of the turbine is determined by the turbine designer and is influenced by the maximum discharge of water from the penstock, the combined inertia of the turbine runner and the generator and the flywheel.

this factor can vary from 1.5 up to 3 times the nominal speed of the turbine and is determined by the turbine designer considering all the load parameters.

They are dams that hold back water but also generate hydro electricity by using the force of gravity pushing the water down and through large generators in order to pass through the dam. Hence why theres usually water coming out the other side of them.

harnessing water flow to drive turbines and electric generators

It produces electricity that is clean, green and free, without any polluting greenhouse gas emissions to cause global warming.