0
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases or communicable diseases arise from illnesses caused by fungi, viruses, protozoa, bacteria or parasites. These infections can be transmitted through body fluids, airborne inhalation and contaminated foods or objects.
4,892 Questions
How can bacteria be both pathogenic and non pathogenic?
No. Almost all bacteria are not. There are bacteria everywhere performing essential functions like breaking down dead animals and plants. Bacteria are essential to health helping digest food and preventing pathogenic bacteria from getting out of control.
Can you give the same bacterial infection back to the person who gave it to you?
It is possible for a person to get reinfected with the same bacterial strain if they come into contact with the person who initially infected them, especially if the person is still carrying the bacteria. Practice good hygiene and take necessary precautions to prevent reinfection.
pus cells in microscopic examination means urinary tract infection (UTI). upto 5 pus cells are normal. above 5 cells indicates moderate to severe infection. take advise of ur physician or uro surgeon. ashish rastogi
How long can lyme disease affect the knee joint?
Lyme disease can affect the knee joint for several weeks to a few months. If left untreated, it can cause persistent inflammation and damage to the joint, leading to chronic arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial to prevent long-term joint complications.
The conclusion that Haemophilus influenzae causes influenza contradicted Koch's postulates because Haemophilus influenzae is a bacteria, not a virus like the influenza virus. Koch's postulates are specific for establishing a causal relationship between a microorganism and a disease based on isolation, culturing, and inoculation experiments, which would not apply in this case.
Non-pathogenic organisms are not harmful to humans and do not cause disease. Some non-pathogenic bacteria can even be beneficial, such as those found in the gut that aid in digestion.
How can you differentiate gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
The process of gram staining is simple.
1)smear bacteria from pure culture onto slide, heat fix
2)flood with crystal violet (1min)
3)Add iodine (1 min)
4)acid/alcohol wash (1 min)
5)Flood with safranine (1min)
6)Air dry and examine.
These times are for clinical microbiology and experimental methods employ optimal and more precise times (but overall its pretty close).
Down side of this method is that you must smear bacteria onto the slide and fix it by heating the underside of the slide with a bunsen burner. if they are pink then you have gram negative (Gram's stain didnt stick) if its purple then its gram positive(Gram's stain did stick) This is due to the peptidoglycan layers. Gram negative bacteria have only a thin layer of peptidoglycan as part of the cell membrane/wall where Gram positive have a very think peptidoglycan layer.
Source(s):
Medical Microbiology
What happens if you touch a tick?
If you touch a tick with your bare hands, it's possible for the tick to bite you and potentially transmit diseases, such as Lyme disease. It's recommended to use tweezers to safely remove any ticks found on your body or clothing to reduce the risk of transmission. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling a tick.
Are there any cures for esbl infection?
ESBL infections are typically treated with antibiotics that are not affected by the ESBL enzyme, such as carbapenems. However, the choice of treatment can vary depending on the specific strain of bacteria causing the infection. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
How can you know that viruses are alive?
Ask your GP??
This is a little vague. If you asked how do you know if i have an influenza virus, HPV, Symplex, pox or HIV I may have been able to help you.
Or if you susspect you have the H5N1 strain or a particularly topical virus, you find out with a bullet through the head.
Do Pathogens include Bacteria and Fungi and Virus?
There are really 5 main groups; viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa (which includes the malaria parasite) and Helminthes (which includes parasites such as flatworms and roundworms). Moulds are classified as fungi.
What does it mean when you have pus coming out your vingna?
Pus coming from the vagina could indicate an infection, such as a yeast infection or a sexually transmitted infection. It is important to see a healthcare provider to get a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Is proteus hauseri gram positive or gram negative?
A Gram negative pathogen. This means it has two thinner petidoglycan cell walls.
How big is the cholera bacteria?
The cholera bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, is about 1-2 micrometers in length and 0.5 micrometers in width.
When are measles most contagouse?
Measles is most contagious during the period starting four days before the rash appears and continuing until four days after. This is when the virus is present in high concentrations in the nose and throat. Vaccination is the best way to prevent measles transmission.
Are Measles caused by a virus or bacterium?
Measles is caused by a virus called the measles virus, specifically the measles morbillivirus. It is a highly contagious virus that spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person.
No. TB is an air-borne infection caused by bacteria, not a genetic trait. However, TB can be passed from mother to child if the mother has TB in her uterus/vagina (rare), or more commonly, as soon as the baby is born and is breathing shared air with the mother/father.
Even though TB is not inherited, as such, people can be inherently susceptible to the disease. Environmental factors may also have an impact on what actually triggers the infection to become the disease. See "Is Susceptibility To Tuberculosis Acquired or Inherited?" presented by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) for specifics.
Where in the world does ringworm mainly occur?
Ringworm can occur anywhere in the world, but it is more common in warm and humid climates where the fungus that causes ringworm thrives. It can be found in both developed and developing countries.
What infectious disease attacks the body's white blood cells?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks and impairs the function of white blood cells, specifically CD4 T lymphocytes, weakening the immune system and making the body more susceptible to infections.
How well does bacteria spread?
Bacteria initiate infection by making use of virulence factors which are;
1. pilli: These are small hairs that enable some pathogens to attach easily to cell surfaces, particularly mucous membranes. bacteria possessing pilli include Neisseria gonorrheae and some strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella species
2. Production of enzymes that help pathogens to spread: for example, hyaluronidase produced by Clostridium perfringes and some Streptococci and Staphylococci,helps organisms to spread through the body by breaking down the hyaluronic acid of connective tissue.
3. production of beta-lactamases: These penicillin-destroying enzymes are produced by many bacteria including some strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
4. Mechanisms that interfere with phagocytosis: Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis secrete a capsule around their cell wall which helps to prevent opsonization and phagocytosis.
5. production of exotoxin: several gram positive and a few gram negative bacteria secrete powerful poisons called exotoxins that are capable of destroying or injuring host cells. They tend to be specific in their action, e.g. the exotoxin of Clostridium tetani is neurotoxin.
6. Release of endotoxin: The cell walls of Gram negative organisms contain endotoxin ( O antigen ). When endotoxin is released into the blood circulation, the resulting toxaemia may cause shock, rigor, chills.
7. Mechanisms that destroy or neutralize antibodies: For e.g., the destructive IgA protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What does it mean when you have pus in your throat?
Pus in the throat could indicate an infection, such as strep throat or tonsillitis, caused by bacteria. It often presents with symptoms like sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. It's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Are there any gram positive spiral like bacteria?
Yes, there are gram-positive spiral bacteria, known as spirochetes. One example is the bacteria Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis. Spirochetes are characterized by their helical shape and flagella that run along the length of their cell body, allowing them to move in a corkscrew-like motion.
What term describes a non pathogenic organism that becomes pathogenic?
A non pathogenic organism cause infection in host when the host's immune system is down.It is called as opportunistic pathogen.That infection is known as opportunistic infection.
Example for opportunistic pathogen:
Candida albicans, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cytomegalovirus (CMV) ---- Pathogen to HIV positive persons.
Not generally; you normally won't be able to tell visually that a person may have an STD.
In some cases, you might be able to recognize blisters similar to cold sores, which can be indicative of the Herpes virus, but not all herpes causes these blisters, and not all blisters are symptoms of herpes. Severe STDs may cause a visible rash or an odorous discharge, but again, these are not reliable indicators either way.
