0
Lymphatic System
This category is for questions about the various vessels by which lymph, a watery fluid of leukocytes, circulates through the body, providing transportation for some materials and removing particulate from tissues.
1,658 Questions
What is an increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes?
An increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes, known as leukocytosis, can be indicative of an underlying infection, inflammation, or certain diseases such as leukemia. It is important to further investigate the underlying cause through additional tests and evaluations to determine the appropriate treatment.
What doctor specializes on the lymphatic system?
A doctor who specializes in the lymphatic system is known as a lymphologist or a lymphatic specialist. They are trained to diagnose and treat conditions that affect the lymphatic system, such as lymphedema or lymphoma. These specialists may include lymphedema therapists, oncologists, or surgeons with specialized training in lymphatic disorders.
What kind of cells are lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. There are three main types of lymphocytes: T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, each with specific functions in recognizing and fighting against pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
What is an example of a actively phagocytic leukocytes?
Phagocytic cells, or phagocytes, use active transport to engulf bacteria, viruses, or other debri inside of a cell in order to neutralize them, some examples include; macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes.
Do Lymphocytes travel in both the bloodstream and the lymphatic system?
Yes, lymphocytes travel in both the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate through the bloodstream to reach different tissues. They can also enter the lymphatic system to move between lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues.
What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
the third line of defence work as a Primary Responce and a Secondary Responce the Primary Responce occurs when first a pathagen enter the body and secondly lymphocytes (b-cell) produce antibodies and finally antibodies have a speific shape which bind to antigens on surface of pathagen and then the dead pathagen is digested is eaten by phagocytes The Second Responce is the vaccination that contain live pathagen treated to make them harmless and it contain harmless fragment of the pathagen and dead phagen or toxins produced by pathagen and while vaccine is given we will gel active immunity because that vaccine will produce antibodies for ever
How are lymphatic nodules different from lymphatic organs?
Lymphatic Nodules-Any of the small bodies located along the lymphatic vessels, particularly at the neck, armpit, and groin, that filter bacteria and foreign particles from lymph fluid. As lymph flows through a lymph node at least 99 % of the antigens in the lymph are removed. The lymphatic organs are organs that produces lymphocytes or is associated with lymphocyte function, for example, the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.
The purpose of the body's immune system is to protect the body from?
The purpose of the body's immune system is to protect the body from harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. It does this by recognizing and attacking these invaders to prevent illness and infection.
What is a polymorphonuclear leukocyte?
A polymorphonuclear leukocyte, also known as a neutrophil, is a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the body's immune response by attacking bacteria and other pathogens. Neutrophils are characterized by their multilobed nuclei and are one of the first cells to migrate to the site of infection.
Which agranular leukocytes is the majority?
Lymphocytes are the "agranulocytes" in larger number in blood.
What are the seven types of leukocytes?
The seven types of leukocytes are: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. Neutrophils, basophils, esinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes are the five most commonly thought of.
The immune system of humans may respond to chemicals on the surface of an invading organism by?
producing antibodies that can bind to the chemical, neutralizing its effects and marking the organism for destruction by other immune cells. This process helps to eliminate the invading organism from the body and prevent further infection.
This becomes a problem when the immune system overreacts to urushiol, leading to symptoms like redness, itching, swelling, and blisters. This hypersensitivity reaction is known as contact dermatitis and occurs in individuals who are sensitive to urushiol.
How does the Lymphatic system regulate homeostasis?
The lymphatic systems helps transport macrophages and other cells used in the immune system. It is also important in maintaining proper blood volume in the body. It is a storehouse for the white blood cells used to fight infection.
What is the definition of breast cancer?
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. It can occur in both men and women, but is more common in women. Symptoms may include a lump in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, and skin changes on the breast. Treatment options typically include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.
The integumentary system acts as a physical barrier through the skin, preventing pathogens from entering the body. If pathogens do manage to breach this barrier, the lymphatic system helps by producing white blood cells that target and destroy these invaders, as well as removing toxins and waste to prevent infection. Together, these systems work to protect the body from infectious organisms and maintain overall health.
What are the 3 main cells in Immune System?
Antigen-presenting cells
Cells which do not have antigen-specific receptors. Instead, they capture and process antigens, present them to T cell receptors. These cells include macrophages, dentritic cells and B cells.
B cells
Also known as B cell lymphocytes.
B cells spend their entire early life in the bone marrow. Upon maturity, their job is to travel throughout the blood and lymph looking for antigens with which they can interlock.
Once a B cell has identified an antigen, it starts replicating itself. These cloned cells mature into antibody-manufacturing plasma cells.
Basophils
Similar to mast cells, but distributed throughout the body. Like mast cells, basophils release histamine upon encountering certain antigens, thereby triggering an allergic reaction.
Cytotoxic T cells
Also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes or CTLs.
Dendritic cells
Mostly found in the skin and mucosal epithelium, where they are referred to as Langerhan's cells. Unlike macrophages, dendritic cells can also recognize viral particles as non-self. In addition, they can present antigens via both MHC I and MHC II, and can thus activate both CD8 and CD4 T cells, directly.
Granulocytes
Leukocytes (white blood cells) containing granules in the cytoplasm. Also known as a granular leukocyte. They seem to act as a first line of defense, as they rush toward an infected area and engulf the offending microbes. Granulocytes kill microbes by digesting them with killer enzymes contained in small units called lysosomes.
Helper T cells
These cells travel through the blood and lymph, looking for antigens (such as those captured by antigen-presenting cells). Upon locating an antigen, they notify other cells to assist in combating the invader.
This is sometimes done through the use of cytokines (or specifically, lymphokines) which help destroy target cells and stimulate the production of healthy new tissue. Interferon is an example of such a cytokine.
Leukocytes
White blood cells. These are the cells which provide immunity, and they can be subdivided into three classes: lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes
Lymphocytes
Small white blood cells which are responsible for much of the work of the immune system. Lymphocytes can be divided into three classes: B cells, T cells and null cells.
Macrophages
Literally, "large eaters." These are large, long-lived phagocytes which capture foreign cells, digest them, and present protein fragments (peptides) from these cells and manifest them on their exterior. In this manner, they present the antigens to the T cells.
Macrophages are strategically located in lymphoid tissues, connective tissues and body cavities, where they are likely to encounter antigens. They also act as effector cells in cell-mediated immunity.
Mast cells
Cells concentrated within the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and within the deep layers of the skin. These cells release histamine upon encountering certain antigens, thereby triggering an allergic reaction.
Memory cells
Specialized B cells which grant the body the ability to manufacture more of a particular antibody as needed, in case a particular antigen is ever encountered again.
Monocytes
Large, agranular leukocytes with relatively small, eccentric, oval or kidney-shaped nuclei.
Plasma cells
Specialized B cells which churn out antibodies-more than two thousand per second. Most of these die after four to five days; however, a few survive to become memory cells.
T cells
Also known as T cell lymphocytes.
Unlike B cells, these cells leave the marrow at an early age and travel to the thymus, where they mature. Here they are imprinted with critical information for recognizing "self" and "non-self" substances.
Among the subclasses of T cells are helper T cells and cytotoxic (or killer) T cells.
Which cells are able to protect the body by engulfing foreign cells or producing antibodies?
Immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils are able to engulf foreign cells through a process called phagocytosis. B cells and T cells are specialized in producing antibodies to target and neutralize foreign invaders.
Are T and b cells are two types of phagocytes?
No, T and B cells are not phagocytes. T cells are a type of lymphocyte involved in cell-mediated immunity, while B cells are another type of lymphocyte responsible for producing antibodies. Phagocytes are a different type of immune cell that engulf and digest pathogens.
Organelles that contain enzymes that destroy material engulfed by phagocytes are what?
Lysosomes are the organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down material engulfed by phagocytes. They help in the digestion of foreign particles or damaged organelles within the cell.
What does the digestive system do in the lymphatic system?
The digestive system helps break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. The lymphatic system works to return fluids and proteins that leak out of blood vessels back into the circulatory system and plays a role in immune function by producing and transporting white blood cells.
Describe the relationship between the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular?
The lymphatic system is comprised of thousands and thousands of white blood cells that fight off infection and foreign substances that may invade the bloodstream (or bodily fluids) that includes pollen and other allergens, also they fight against viruses and bacterias, etc. On the other hand, the cardiovascular system is the network of major arteries that bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and then the blood goes to the other areas of the body.
This process is called chemotaxis. Phagocytes and white blood cells are attracted to the site of inflammation by chemical signals released by damaged cells. Chemotaxis helps these cells locate and eliminate pathogens and damaged tissue in the inflamed area.
Why is the term immune system a misnomer?
The term "immune system" is a misnomer because it does not just protect against external threats like pathogens, but also plays a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, responding to stress, and influencing various physiological processes. It's a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that goes beyond just immunity.
B cells play a role in producing antibodies, while T helper cells (Th cells) help activate and coordinate the immune response. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) are responsible for directly killing infected cells. Both Th cells and Tc cells are types of T cells, with Th cells regulating the immune response and Tc cells directly attacking infected cells.
