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Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering is a branch of engineering that encompasses the generation and application of heat and mechanical power and the design, production, and use of machines and tools. Mechanical engineering involves application of the principles of dynamics, control, thermodynamics and heat transfer, fluid mechanics, strength of materials, materials science, electronics, and mathematics.

10,989 Questions

How do you remove a rusted cast iron waste pipe without damaging it or the threads?

Mix up a glob of JB Weld and then screw the cap in. Once that sets, it is never coming out. The other answer would be to get a rubber connector boot bigger than the pip and connect a new piece of PVC which you could cap. vbd Purchase a No-hub clamp at a plumbing supply house, along with a cap, or cleanout plug. The No hub clamp slips over the damaged threads, and connects the new fitting. Tighten the screws. Done! There is a plug availible, rubber with a washer each side and a bolt running thru it with a wing nut on the top side. Simple insert into the hole and tighten the wingnut. This compresses the rubber causing it to swell out and plugging the hole.

What is taper turning on lathe machine?

An operation performed on a lathe that feeds a tool at an angle to the length of the workpiece in order to create a conical shape.

What is stronger solid shaft or hollow shaft?

Depends on what you mean by "better".

For the same dimensions, a solid shaft will be a bit stronger, but also a lot heavier.

If you were to make a hollow shaft of the same weight, but a bigger diameter, it'd be a lot stronger than the solid shaft.

How is an alloy of two metals produced?

Answer Usually by heating the metals so they become molten and adding other metals and compounds. However, if you study history, you find that early black-smiths and sword-smiths developed Steel alloy in their ovens without completely melting the metal. The would heat the wrought iron in hot coals to soften the metal. Then folded the iron over and pounded it, then re-heated it and repeated the process. The carbon in the coal ashes introduced carbon into the iron, transforming it into Steel. When they cole-quenched it, the iron molecules expand enough that the carbon molecules enter into the matrix. When it was cooled rapidly, the carbon would be captured in the steel.

What is the equation for the natural frequency of a cantilever beam?

If you know the natural frequency and the mass of the load and beam... k=Wn^2*m (where k=stiffness, Wn=natural frequency, m=total mass) If the beam's mass is not negligable then the total mass is... m= m(load)+1/4m(beam) I'm wondering if this link might help you ;-) http://www.vibrationdata.com/StructuralDC.htm Here is a paper that solves a problem by studying the Cantilever Beam. A few pages into this paper, it has the mathmetical expressions for its the first 3 vibration modes and frequencies. http://faculty.uml.edu/pavitabile/22.403/web_downloads/Final_Project_Cantilever_101806.pdf One more link: http://www.kxcad.net/RecurDyn/RecurDyn_Ver6.3/programmanual/Eigenvalue_Analysis/Application/Cantilever_Beam/Cantilever_Beam.htm

What is the modulus number of a counter?

The number of unique states that a counter may have before the sequence repeats itself is the modulus of the counter. Example, Modulus 10 would have the counter with states 0-9 and then reset to zero.
A modulus counter is a system of counting when the division of a variable number (x) by a set fixed number (y) does not leave a remainder.

For example:

x%y=0;

Suppose y=2 and x is variable:

1%2=1;

2%2=0;

3%2=1;

4%2=0;

5%2=1;

6%2=0;

....

If y=5:

1%5=1;

2%5=2;

3%5=3;

4%5=4;

5%5=0;

6%5=1;

....

So basically it's a counter that skips a certain number of steps (y) that you set.

What is the full form of wphy 60 in astm?

Welded/Wrought Pipe High Yield Carbon Steel 60 KSI Yield Strength

What is the formula for shear and stress?

Just like axial stress, shear stress is force divided by area. The area is the surface the force acts over. For example, imagine two wood blocks that are nailed together. If you apply a force to the top block orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the nail and the same force in the opposite direction to the bottom block, the shear stress (𝝉) in the nail is 𝝉 = F/A or F/(πr2) where r is the radius of the nail.

What is the thermal expansion coefficient for iron oxide?

The CTE of Silica depends on it's state. Crystalline Silica has a much higher Coefficient of Thermal Expansion than fused - or glassy silica. Crystalline Silica CTE is dependent on the axis along which a single crystal in mounted. Along the z-axis CTE is as high as 12 x 10^-6 / degree C. Perpendicular to the z-axis CTE is 20 x 10^-6 / degree C (range ambient to 550C). Amorphous Silica CTE is listed as 0.55 x 10^-6 /degree C

How can undercooling be minimized?

By adding "inoculant" to the liquid iron just before casting, undercooling can be minimized. Inoculation is a means of controlling the structure and properties of cast irons by increasing the number of nucleation sites available for the growth of graphite flakes in grey irons or graphite nodules in ductile irons.

Differences between afbc and cfbc boilers?

(fbc) boiler to heat the Water that is mixed with a refractory material.

With warming water temperatures will produce refractory materials that will ignite the oil in the water.

The granular refractory materials are mixed with water.

Refractory materials are heated in water to take it.

c) boiler column. The steam comes out vertically.

A) horizontal boiler. The steam comes out horizontally.

Why mostly steam is used to rotate a turbine?

The Rankine cycle is one where a closed loop containing water/steam is used to transfer energy from an energy source such as a coal fired furnace or a nuclear reactor to a steam turbine/generator. It is the way all such power plants work, but not plants using gas turbines or combustion turbines which don't use a water/steam circuit.

In the Rankine cycle there are progressive stages: 1. Cool feedwater is pumped at high pressure into a boiler which is heated by the furnace or nuclear reactor 2. The water is heated and evaporated at high pressure, becoming steam 3. The steam is further heated to become superheated 4. The steam is admitted to the HP end of the steam turbine, and it progresses in stages to the LP end by which time it is cooled and under vacuum (the vacuum is maintained by external cooling water and increases the efficiency considerably by getting the maximum energy out of the steam) 5. The steam condenses in the turbine condenser under vacuum, to produce cool water, and hence back to stage 1. Electrical energy is extracted by the generator which is coupled to the shaft of the turbine, but that is not really part of the Rankine cycle, which is described in thermodynamic terms only. See link below for more reading and diagrams.

Types of heat exchanger?

list of heat exchangers

  • shell and tube
  • pipe in pipe (double pipe )
  • floating head
  • agitated film
  • plate and frame
  • extended surface (fin type)
  • scrapped surface
  • block type

What are materials with very low density and relatively great strength?

if you use the word relative, it could range from a plank of wood to some sheet metal. Today we have more technology to add metals to metals by alloying. for example we need low density meterial with high strength. consider the Al metal. it is of low density, to add strength to it we add some other alloying elements like Ni,Cr etc... so as per our requrements we prepare our alloys of low density realeative to high strength.

How is cad and cam used?

cad stands for computer aided design bet u new =]) and cam is as u can guess.... its generally used to build things before you do like to test structures to see if they are stable that king of thing

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Actually a CAD program is used to design anything from a simple part to a complex assembly. It is also used to generate a solid model of the part in question. When you finish with the design work the CAM program will take the part and this is where you generate the tool paths for cutting the part on a CNC machine. Once the tool paths are completed the CAM program will then run the tool paths through a translater known as a post processor which interpolates the tool paths into actual code the CNC machine can understand. With the material loaded into the CNC machine (with aluminum, steel, plastic, etc) the machine operator then starts the process and when completed you will either have a completed part or a completed component of a more complex assembly.

What is high carbon steel made out of?

It all begins in a blast furnace; coke (a high carbon form of coal) and iron ore (haematite) are heated together until we are left with pure molten iron and slag (a waste product) which are both filtered out of the bottom of the blast furnace. The hot iron is taken to a melting shop where it is mixed with recycled steel scraps and other alloys in a basic oxygen furnace, you are left with steel. The steel is cast and the repeatedly rolled and stretched. Once it is the size and length required they allow it to cool. It can be 'pickled' to give it extra qualities: for example a zinc coating can be added to make 'galvanized iron' (which is resistant to corrosion). Steel is 100% recyclable

How npsh of a centrifugal pump is increased?

If you are pumping from a tank you have to lower the pump in relation to the height of the water in the tank. The more feet of water above the center of the pump, the greater your net positive suction head. If that is not possible you have to have a pump to increase the pressure of the water coming into the eye of the pump impeller.

Are Richard steele and Micheal steele brothers?

Yes they are brother. You didnt know that. If u diddnt steele ison is my brother. my name is Richard and i love you steele ison. love your brother Richard.

What is 3mm in gauge thickness?

feeler gauge sets can be conbined to make thickness within their range, try any tool/hardware store.

How to change polarity of current?

You might be asking the wrong question. In North America, utilities deliver 120 volts AC at 60 hertz. This means the voltage at your electrical outlet rises to positive 60 volts and then goes to negative 60 volts. The 60 hertz means this happens 60 times a second.

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If you mean you have an outlet with hot and ground or hot and neutral reversed, you should call an electrician. You can buy a cheap tester that will plug in to show you if you have a receptacle mis-wired this way. If the receptacle has a black and white wire connected, and the black wire is not the "hot" wire, it can be tricky to trace down the problem.

What are the Bending moment diagram for simply supported beam with udl?

Parabolic, max moment at midspan of value wL^2/8 where w is the distributed load and L the length of the beam.

What is surging in compressor?

Centrifugal and axial compressors will surge when forward flow through the compressor can no longer be maintained, due to an increase in pressure across the compressor, and a momentary flow reversal occurs. Once surge occurs, the reversal of flow reduces the discharge pressure or increases the suction pressure, thus allowing forward flow to resume again until the pressure rise again reaches the surge point. This surge cycle will continue until some change is made in the process or compressor conditions.