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New Zealand History
History of Maori and European settlement in New Zealand: people, places, dates, and events.
751 Questions
What do the first few words of the New Zealand Anthem in Maori mean?
The first words of the New Zealand National Anthem (Thomas Bracken version) are sung as: "E I- ho-a, A- tu-a" in Maori and translated to and sung as "God of na-tions at Thy feet" in English.
Reference: The New Zealand Gazette 1 June No.48 pp1749
According to Official New Zealand sources the correct spelling is: "E IhowÄ Atua".
Ihoa is considered an alternate spelling, used mistakenly, in place of the original (correct) spelling "Ihowa. "
Strictly speaking, Ihowa, or Ihoa, is Maori for "Jehovah".
http://folksong.org.nz/e_ihowa_atua/
relates the erroneous substitution of Ihoa for Ihowa, saying: " But it has been sung this way so so often, that it has become an accepted alternative in MÄori speech and writing for "Jehovah." "
The Anthem in English is not technically a 'true' translation of the Maori since the name Jehovah is substituted with the title God, and for other, mostly poetic, reasons.
Note, New Zealand is said to have two equally important Anthems:
"God Defend New Zealand" (in Maori and English), and
"God Save the Queen"
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage discusses the Anthems here:
http://www.mch.govt.nz/anthem/index.html
A list of translations for Jehovah in numerous languages, including Maori, can be found here:
http://www.watchtower.org/e/na/article_02.htm
Why do you commemorate Gallipoli when it was a failure?
Simple answer: Respect.
Since 1921 in New Zealand and 1927 in Australia, the landing at Gallipoli has been commemorated as ANZAC Day. It was originally a day of remembrance for the Australian and New Zealand soldiers who landed at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. The day commemorates the bravery and sacrifice of the thousands of men who died during the eight-month occupation of Gallipoli.
Subsequently, ANZAC Day has become a day of remembrancefor all Australian and New Zealand soldiers who gave their lives in all wars. In Australia and New Zealand, ANZAC Day commemorations feature solemn "dawn services", a tradition started in Albany, Western Australia on 25 April 1923. These services are held at war memorials around both countries. Marches by veterans and family members of those who have died in past wars are held in capital cities and towns nationwide, as Australians and New Zealanders honour our brave Defence Force personnel.
What day was ANZAC Day on and why was that day chosen?
ANZAC Day, commemorated on 25 April every year, came about as a result of the Gallipoli campaign in World War I. The date is the result of a specific and tragic event that occurred early in the war.
ANZAC is an acronym for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (pronounced Core), the soldiers who landed at Gallipoli on the Turkish Aegean coast on 25 April 1915, in World War I. Many of these men did not survive the ambush of the Turkish troops high up on the cliffs of what is now Anzac Cove. Due to a navigational error, the ANZACs came ashore about a mile north of the intended landing point. Instead of facing the expected beach and gentle slope they found themselves at the base of steep cliffs, and completely vulnerable to the Turkish defenders. Of the 1500 men who waded ashore that first day, 755 remained in active service at the end of the day, with the remainder killed or wounded. Advance was impossible. After eight months of stalemate, the Allies withdrew from the peninsula, leaving about 8700 dead amongst the troops.
The ANZAC troops became legendary for their persistence, their stamina, their courage and, most of all, their mateship and loyalty to one another. Thus, the day commemorates the bravery and sacrifice of the thousands of men who died during the eight-month occupation of Gallipoli.
Subsequently, ANZAC Day has become a day of remembrance for all Australian and New Zealand soldiers who gave their lives in all wars. In Australia and New Zealand, ANZAC Day commemorations feature solemn "dawn services", a tradition started in Albany, Western Australia on 25 April 1923, to mark the day of the first landing. These services are held at war memorials around both countries. Marches by veterans and family members of those who have died in past wars are held in capital cities and towns nationwide, as Australians and New Zealanders honour our brave Defence Force personnel.
What was life like on the goldfields?
Life on the Australian goldfields were harsh. The fields were crowded: miners had between 1 and 3 square metres of 'claim' to live and work. Many diggers lived in tents, or even rough, open bark shelters. Those who stayed longer sometimes built larger slab hut dwellings, but these were still very basic. People would live in small humpies made out of wood, scraps and things found around the area. Also many people would live in a canvas tent because they were cheap and portable. Later in the gold rush, when people were more certain about whether they were staying or not, people might decide to live in small cottages. These cottages often incorporated solid brick and stone fireplaces, instead of the diggers having to do all their cooking outside.
Troopers dealt harshly with minor offences. The main source of discontent was the miner's licence, which cost a monthly fee of 30 shillings and permitted the holder to work a 3.6 metre square "claim". Licences had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in the finding of any gold. Frequent licence hunts were conducted, during which the miners were ordered to produce proof of their licences, and this added to the increasing unrest.
Another problem was the exorbitant price of goods on the goldfields. Businesses knew they had a monopoly on the market, and therefore the power to drive their prices up as high as they wished. Many diggers did not wish to spare the time and potential loss of earnings (or even their claim) if they made the extensive journey to the nearest large city, such as Melbourne.
Gold rushes attracted a wide variety of people from all races and parts of society, including China. This created some distrust among the Australians, for the Chinese were a hard-working, reclusive group who did not (and indeed often could not) communicate with the Australians, and tended to find more gold.
The goldfields tended to be out in rocky country (though not always), and often in hilly countryside. They were characterised by many mullock heaps, or mounds of dirt which were the result of diggings. These mullock heaps varied from a few feet to many metres in height and width. The more popular goldfields were crowded and unsanitary, with open latrines running nearby. Scavenging dogs could be seen roaming around, and children wandered unsupervised through the diggings. As a result, disease was rife. These diseases included whooping cough, scarlet fever, measles, cholera, dysentery and typhoid.
What are the lyrics for ANZAC Day 'Can You Hear Australia's Heroes Marching'?
The lyrics for the Peter Barnes song "Can You Hear Australia's Heroes Marching" are:
Can you hear Australia's heroes marching?
Can you hear them as they march into eternity?
There will never be a greater love
There just couldn't be a greater sacrifice
There just couldn't be
Can you hear Australia's heroes marching?
The ones who fought and gave their all
Can you hear Australia's heroes marching?
Can you hear them as they march into eternity?
There will never be a greater love
There just couldn't be a greater sacrifice
There just couldn't be
Can you hear Australia's heroes marching?
They're marching once again
Across our great land
Can you hear Australia's heroes marching?
Can you hear them as they march into eternity?
There will never be a greater love
There just couldn't be a greater sacrifice
There just couldn't be
Can you hear Australia's heroes marching?
I don't know if this is to dowith A.N.Z.A.C. but it is to do with the WW1. It is part of the poem "For the Fallen" by Laurence Binyon:
They shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old;
Age shall not weary them, nor the years contemn.
At going down of the sun and in the morning.
we will remember them.
Why do the Autralians celebrate anzac day?
No Australian "celebrates" ANZAC day. We commemorate ANZAC day, meaning we remember the ANZACs who lost their lives during the Gallipoli campaign of WW1. The reason this campaign is so important to Australia is because it was where Australia's national identity was forged. Where for the first time Australia fought as its own force, therefore becoming an integral part of the Australian identity.
Why is the name of New Zealand spelled with Z and not with S?
New Zealand was originally named after the Netherlands province, Zeeland.
In Australia and New Zealand, Anzac Day is a national public holiday.
Were animals used at Gallipoli and how were they used?
Yes. Horses were used but eventually taken back to Egypt because they weren't of any use at all. Mules and donkeys were originally landed to be used as water-carriers for the troops on the front line. Well-known ANZAC legend Simpson took one of the donkeys that had not drowned after being thrown off the ship to swim to shore (donkeys cannot swim) and used him to carry the wounded, due to a shortage of stretcher-bearers. This was not the donkey's original intended task, but he carried water up to the battle lines, and wounded back. After Simpson was killed, New Zealander Richard 'Dick' Henderson took over Simpson's donkey and his job. The mules were used to pull artillery guns and supplies.
Who is Kate Sheppard's family?
Mother = Jemima Souter Crawford
Father = Andrew Wilson Malcolm
She had one older sister and brother
She had one younger brother and sister
Why were the Anzac soldiers nicknamed diggers?
The actual reason is lost to history, but there are several theories:
- Before World War I, the term "digger" was widely used in Australasia to mean a miner, and referring to a Kauri gum-digger in New Zealand. Renowned soldier and military historian, Captain Cyril Longmore 44th Battalion AIF, first recorded the Australian troops doing trench digging practice on Salisbury Plain prior to embarking to Turkey and being called "diggers" by their mates as the origin of the term.
- Another story for the origin of this term dates it to 25 April 1915, during the Gallipoli campaign. Following the landing at Gallipoli, General Sir Ian Hamilton wrote to General William Birdwood, the commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), adding in postscript: "P.S.-You have got through the difficult business, now you have only to dig, dig, dig, until you are safe." However, there is no hard evidence to suggest that Hamilton's message is the reason why digger was applied to ANZAC troops in general.
- One other theory is the fact that ANZAC troops were especially good at digging tunnels between their own trenches and the enemies, and were regarded by both sides as diggers, one being derogatory and the other more in jest. The job of digging between the trenches was very hard, especially when both sides' diggers met in the tunnels. ANZACs believed that it was a compliment to be referred to as diggers, because it indicated you were good at a very difficult job.
No matter the actual origin, the term "Digger" was first used to mean a New Zealand or Australian soldier in 1916. It appears to have become popular among New Zealand troops before being adopted by Australians. The word was not in wide use amongst soldiers until 1917. At the time that the Battle of Galipoli was going on, the term was mostly used by New Zealanders to refer to each other, while others referred to them mostly as "Kiwis". The shared trials probably went a long ways towards breaking down the distinctions and the English troops probably looked upon the Australian and New Zealand forces as being of interchangable origins - thus they were all "diggers" as far as they were concerned.
What kind of animals were in the ANZAC war?
Dogs, pigeons, horses, glow worms, elephants, parrots, oxen, pigs, cats, donkeys and camels were all used in world war 1.
What has ANZAC day became synonymous with in recent years?
While Anzac Day originally commemorated the landing at Gallipoli, it now is used to remember all the New Zealand and Australian military personnel who have died in service to their countries.
Did the name Anzac come about because somebody was too lazy to write the full name?
No. It is not known exactly how and where the name ANZAC (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps) originated, but there are several theories.
According to the Australian War Memorial site, one of the earliest times 'ANZAC' was used was in a book of sketches by Signaller Ellis Silas, who served with the AIF at ANZAC Cove, and in the book's foreword by Sir Ian Hamilton. Hamilton attributed the first use of the word to himself, needing a convenient acronym for signalling via the telegraph for security purposes.
Another to whom the acronym is attributed is General Sir W R Birdwood who needed to choose a telegraphic code when he took over the command of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps in Egypt. He is said to have selected 'ANZAC'.
A completely different story is told by Australian war historian C E W Bean. Bean's research uncovered the information that a clerk, Lt A.T. White RASC of the British Regular Army, suggested 'ANZAC' when a codename for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps was needed by Major C M Wagstaff of the "operations" section of General Birdwood's staff.
What jobs did women find during World War 2 that were a break from traditional women's roles?
Women in WW2 made aircraft, riveted ships, built bombs and shells, drove ambulances and worked in farms. They performed magnificently.
Abel Janszoon Tasman was a Dutch seafarer and explorer born in 1603 in the village of Lutjegast, Netherlands.
Some time after Tasman joined the Dutch East India Company in 1634, he was ordered to explore the south-east waters in order to find a new sea trade route to Chile in South America. During this voyage, in 1642, he discovered a previously unknown island on his voyage past the "Great South Land", or "New Holland", as the Dutch called Australia. He named it "Antony Van Diemen's Land" in honour of the High Magistrate, or Governor-General of Batavia. He also became the first known European to discover the islands of New Zealand but, following an altercation with the local Maori people, chose not to land there, believing it to be part of the same continent as Van Diemen's Land.
The first European to explore New Zealand?
The first European to explore New Zealand, circumnavigating the islands between October 1769 and February 1770, was Captain James Cook. He did not discover New Zealand, as that was done by Abel Tasman in 1642.
What animals are native to Yugoslavia?
Animals native to Yugoslavia include elk, cross foxes, ducks and geese. The lynx cat is also native to the area.
Why did caption cook come settle in new zealand?
Captain Cook did not settle in New Zealand. He made three voyages to the Pacific and visited New Zealand on four separate occasions. He led the first British expedition to discover New Zealand and the first to set foot on new Zealand. Abel Tasman was the first European to sight New Zealand but did not land there. Captain James Cook was the first to circumnavigate and map New Zealand.
Why did Captain James Cook name Poverty Bay Poverty Bay?
Poverty bay was so named by James Cook in October 1769 because, as he wrote in his ship's log, "At 6 am we weigh'd and stood out of the bay which I have named Poverty Bay because it afforded us no one thing we wanted."
Simply put, this meant that Cook and his crew were unable to procure necessary food and water supplies at the Bay. The lack of opportunity to replenish provisions was largely due to the fact the Cook had to leave the area quickly, after an incident between his crew and the local people which left six Maori dead.
Death in lots of hidieous ways oncluding being shot (including is spelt I.N.C.L.U.D.I.N.G; by the way) Oh as if!! They were bloody brilliant! It was the British who forced them to fight in a place where they could not win. They were forced to try and take the Turkish trenches at Lone Pine so that they could distract the Turkish so that the British could land ashore at Sulva Cove. While they were uselessly dying while the British were sitting down drinking tea. That's what really happened. They didn't "just die"; they created the ANZAC legend. Even when being faced with death; the were still brave and fought for the country they loved, Australia, (and also New Zealand)
