Ottoman Empire

Because of the Ottoman ruling policy, it was not trying to assimilate people to become Turkish, the state's primary responsibility was to defend and extend the land and to ensure security and harmony within its borders and collect tax.

Control of these two straights would give them access to the Mediterranean sea.

(for trade)

The Ottoman emperor Mehmed ll conquers the Byzantine Empire by capturing and remaining in Constantinople. Mehmed ll followed a long line of Turkish rulers which began in AD CE by Osman who founded the Ottoman kingdom.

It was renamed Istanbul (meaning 'to the city') in 1930.

The first siege took place 1529. The second 1683.

Ataturk is the Father of the Turks

There are a great many countries that were never conquered by the Ottoman Turks. Russia, China, Australia, and many more. You might narrow this down a bit by asking what country did the Ottoman Turks attempt to conquer, unsuccessfully. That was Austria.

Constantinople was named by Roman Emperor Constantine after himself in 330AD. The Turks hated the name, likely because Constantine was the first Christian emperor of Rome.

Istanbul was the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even since before the Ottoman conquest of 1453, but in official use by the Ottoman authorities, other names such as Constantinople were preferred in certain contexts.

After the creation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, the various alternative names besides Istanbul became obsolete in the Turkish language. With the Turkish Postal Service Law of March 28, 1930, the Turkish authorities officially requested foreigners to cease referring to the city with their traditional non-Turkish names (such as Constantinople, Tsarigrad, etc.) and to adopt Istanbul as the sole name also in their own languages. Letters or packages sent to "Constantinople" instead of "Istanbul" were no longer delivered by Turkey's PTT, which contributed to the eventual worldwide adoption of the new name.

The Safavid and Ottoman dynasties were both of Turkish ethnicity. The Safavid empire extended from the Caucasia ( Armenia, Azeribijan, etc.) to India, Iraq, the Persian Gulf, and parts of central Asia and the Caspian Sea.The Ottoman empire, on the other hand, ruled the the rest of the Islamic empire (Middle East, Balkans, and North Africa).

The Ottoman empire was older and stronger than the young Safavid empire, but the Ottomans were alarmed as the Safavid strength and influence grew and felt their interest was threatened. Moreover, the Safavid followed Shia Islam, while the Ottoman people were followers of Sunni/Sufi Islam.

But the main reasons for the conflict are rather political than for sectarian religious factors as many try to force this idea of Sunni/Shia conflict.

As the Safavid empire grew, it pushed its territories as far as Iraq and eastern Turkey, carving for itself a considerable chunk of Ottoman territory. This was the point when the Ottomans felt in danger and waged war on their cousins the Safavid.

Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi was born in 1848.

The dates for the Ottoman Empire are 1299 to 1923. It always had territory in Turkey during that time.

There is a link below.

Mehmend II, the sultan who besieged and conquered Constantinople, undertook the revitalisation of the city. He repaired the damaged infrastructure, began the construction of the Grand Bazaar, and built the sultan's residence, the Topkapı Palace. He urged of those who had fled the city during the siege to return, and settled Muslims, Jews, and Christians from other parts of of the Ottoman territories in the city.

There's Balkan peninsula separating Italy and Turkey (former Ottoman Empire) but the sea is called the Mediterranean.

When the Ottoman Empire controlled the Balkans, the Adriatic Sea separated the Italian states like Venice, Tuscany, the Papal States, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from the Ottoman Empire.

Peace at Home, Peace in the World.

The current leader of Algeria is Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Abdelaziz was born on March 2, 1937, He also presided many political organizations across the world.

middle East

The Ottoman Empire has formed various alliances with European States during its long existence.

During the early European Conquests, the territories of Moldavia and Wallachia (in what is now Romania) became vassals of the Ottoman Empire.

France also had a longstanding alliance with the Ottoman Empire (1500s-1800s) since both Empires opposed the Hapsburg Emperors of Austria and Spain. The British joined this alliance in 1852 to prevent Russian expansion into the Ukraine during the Crimean War. As France and Britain promoted self-determination in the Balkans, especially Greece, the Franco-Turkish Alliance dimmed.

In the years before World War I, the Ottoman Empire had good relations with Germany and Austria-Hungary, eventually creating an alliance with those powers and joining the Central Powers in that war.

No ottoman empire is Turkey today and turkey defeated them.

One of the major challenges faced by the Ottoman Empire was determining how to govern many different regions.

Osman the first (1258-1324).

Justinian, Ivan III, and Suleiman all instituted systems of absolute power for the rulers of their empires. They made and enforced all of the laws of their respective lands.

Certain political and economic benefits were reserved for Muslim in the ottoman empire

Tuffet, footstool, pouffe, to name a couple.

After the Ottoman Empire's defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, it marked the beginning of a gradual decline for the empire. The failed siege led to a series of conflicts known as the Great Turkish War, culminating in significant territorial losses in the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. This defeat shifted the balance of power in Europe, encouraging other nations to challenge Ottoman dominance and contributing to the empire's eventual fragmentation. The battle is often seen as a turning point that initiated a prolonged retreat from central Europe.

The Eyalet of Egypt, a province within the Ottoman Empire, conquered the Somaliland coast (the area around and including Berbera) in 1548. This was the southernmost point in the Ottoman Empire.