Propaganda

Propaganda in WW1 could have been anything from the newspaper to a public talk. The truth is that anyone could start propaganda. Some newspapers lied about the war and would say things like "British troops cross the Rhine in Germany." (when the British had not made those kinds of gains) for an example or any of that other stuff. Propaganda also played a big part in WW2 as well.

Propaganda is communication using all available media aiming to influence the attitude of a community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument.
It was first used by the Catholic Church in 1622, but it was first used in modern settings ate the outbreak of WW1 in 1914.
Both the British and German governments dramatically increased their output of propaganda to persuade their citizens of the justness of their cause and the inevitability of their victory and to encourage them to volunteer for the army.
However its use was brought to a pinnacle in WW2 by the Nazi anti Semitic propoganda of Joseph Goebbels.

the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person

In the war days they would have a sign or poster - something of that nature and try to pursuade you to be for the war or against the war

Only in vague and general terms. Until 1944 the Allies did not want to know about the Holocaust and were skeptical about the earlier information they received. Even in April 1945, the BBC was reluctant to broadcast a detailed report on what the British Army found at Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp when it was liberated. However, the British Army filmed it and made it compulsory viewing for German POWs in British hands.

INTRODUCTION: The mass media serve as a system for communicating messages and symbols to the general public. It is their function to amuse, entertain, and inform, and to beat individuals with the values, beliefs, and codes of behavior that will combine them into the institutional structures of the larger society. In a world of concentrated wealth and major conflicts of class interest, to fulfill this role requires systematic propaganda. The Propaganda Model What is the propaganda model and how does it work? The crucial structural factors derive from the fact that the dominant media are firmly imbedded in the market system. They are profit-seeking businesses, owned by very wealthy people (or other companies); they are funded largely by advertisers who are also profit-seeking entities, and who want their ads to appear in a supportive selling environment. The media are also dependent on government and major business firms as information sources, and both efficiency and political considerations, and frequently overlapping interests, cause a certain degree of solidarity to prevail among the government, major media, and other corporate businesses. MANUFACTURING CONSENT In countries where the levers of power are in the hands of a state bureaucracy, the monopolistic control over the media, often supplemented by official censorship, makes it clear that the media serve the ends of a dominant elite. It is much more difficult to see a propaganda system at work where the media are private and formal censorship is absent. A propaganda model focuses on this inequality of wealth and power and its multilevel effects on mass-media interests and choices. It traces the routes by which money and power are able to filter out the news fit to print, marginalize dissent, and allow the government and dominant private interests to get their messages across to the public. The essential ingredients of our propaganda model, or set of news "filters," fall under the following headings: 1. The size, concentrated ownership, owner wealth, and profit orientation of the dominant mass-media firms. 2.Advertising as the primary income source of the mass media. 3. The reliance of the media on information provided by government business, and "experts" funded and approved by these primary sources and agents of power. 4. Flak as a means of disciplining the media. 5. Anticommunism as a national religion and control mechanism. These elements interact with and reinforce one another. 1. SIZE, OWNERSHIP, AND PROFIT ORIENTATION OF THE MASS MEDIA: THE FIRST FILTER It talks about the media empires. That how other media things are in one hand. Corporate ownership of media. Media firms are affected by other firms. There are twenty-four media empires (or their controlling parent companies) that make up the top of media companies in the United States. This compilation includes: The three television networks: ABC (through its parent, Capital Cities), CBS, and NBC. These twenty-four companies are large, profit-seeking corporations, owned and controlled by quite wealthy people. Many of the large media companies are fully integrated into the market, and for the others, too, the pressures of stockholders, directors, and bankers to focus on the bottom line are powerful. The control groups of the media giants are also brought into close relationships with the mainstream of the corporate community through boards of directors and social links. In the early I980s, such institutions held 44 percent of the stock of publicly owned newspapers and 35 percent of the stock of publicly owned broadcasting companies. These investors are also frequently among the largest stockholders of individual companies. Example : In I980-8I, the Capital Group, an investment company system, held 7.I percent of the stock of ABC, 6.6 percent of Knight-Ridder, 6 percent of Time, Inc., and z.8 percent of Westinghouse. These holdings, individually and collectively, do not convey control, but these large investors can make themselves heard, and their actions can affect the welfare of the companies and their managers. The large media companies have also diversified beyond the media field, and non-media companies have established a strong presence in the mass media. The non-media interests of most of the media giants are not large, and, excluding the GE and Westinghouse systems, they account for only a small fraction of their total revenue. Their multinational outreach, however, is more significant. The television networks, television syndicators, major news magazines, and motion-picture studios all do extensive business abroad, and they derive a substantial fraction of their revenues from foreign sales and the operation of foreign affiliates Another structural relationship of importance is the media companies' dependence on and ties with government. The radio-TV companies and networks all require government licenses and franchises and are thus potentially subject to government control or harassment. This technical legal dependency has been used as a club to discipline the media, and media policies that stray too often from an establishment orientation could activate this threat The great media also depend on the government for more general policy support. All business firms are interested in business taxes, interest rates, labor policies, and enforcement and no enforcement of the antitrust laws. Example: political affiliation with T.V channels Dominant mass media firm's keeps on changing their interests, the media organizations have to realize on the official spooks person. Official spooks man also effect on media content. The media content is mostly decided by the government that what should be published and what not. 2. THE ADVERTISING LICENSE TO DO BUSINESS: THE SECOND FILTER Advertising as the primary income source of the mass media; since the mainstream media depend heavily on http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Advertising revenues to survive, the model suggests that the interests of advertisers come before reporting the news. Chomsky and Herman argue that, as a business, a newspaper has a product which it offers to an audience. The product is composed of the affluent readers who buy the newspaper who also comprise the educated decision-making sector of the population while the audience includes the businesses that pay to advertise their goods. According to this "filter", the news itself is nothing more than "filler" to get privileged readers to see the advertisements which makes up the real content, and will thus take whatever form is most conducive to attracting educated decision-makers. Before advertising became prominent, the price of a newspaper had to cover the costs of doing business. With the growth of advertising, papers that attracted ads could afford a copy price well below production costs. This put papers lacking in advertising at a serious disadvantage: their prices would tend to be higher, curtailing sales, and they would have less surplus to invest in improving the salability of the paper (features, attractive format, promotion, etc.). For this reason, an advertising-based system will tend to drive out of existence or into marginality the media companies and types that depend on revenue from sales alone. With advertising, the free market does not yield a neutral system in which final buyer choice decides. The advertisers' choices influence media prosperity and survival The ad-based media receive an advertising subsidy that gives them a price-marketing-quality edge, which allows them to encroach on and further weaken their ad-free rivals. Even if ad-based media cater to an affluent audience, they easily pick up a large part of the "downscale" audience, and their rivals lose market share and are eventually driven out or marginalized. In fact, advertising has played a potent role in increasing concentration even among rivals that focus with equal energy on seeking advertising revenue. A market share and advertising edge on the part of one paper or television station will give it additional revenue to compete more effectively-promote more aggressively, buy more salable features and programs-and the disadvantaged rival must add expenses it cannot afford to try to stem the cumulative process of dwindling market (and revenue) share. The crunch is often fatal, and it helps explain the death of many large-circulation papers and magazines and the attrition in the number of newspapers. Television stations and networks are also concerned to maintain audience "flow" levels, i.e., to keep people watching from program to program, in order to sustain advertising ratings and revenue. Airing program interludes of documentary-cultural matter that cause station switching is costly, and over time a "free" (i.e., ad-based) commercial system will tend to excise it. Such documentary-cultural-critical materials will be driven out of secondary media vehicles as well, as these companies strive to qualify for advertiser interest, although there will always be some cultural-political programming trying to come into being or surviving on the periphery of the mainstream media. Example: In 1990s, Nawaz Sharif regime Jang newspaper was stopped publishing due to conflict between Mir Shakeel ur rehman . Jang kept on publishing one age newspaper. That's the way they kept on publishing because they have advertising license. 3. SOURCING MASS-MEDIA NEWS: THE THIRD FILTER The mass media are drawn into a symbiotic relationship with powerful sources of information by economic necessity and reciprocity of interest. The media need a steady, reliable flow of the raw material of news. They have daily news demands and imperative news schedules that they must meet. They cannot afford to have reporters and cameras at all places where important stories may break. Economics dictates that they concentrate their resources where significant news often occurs, where important rumors and leaks abound, and where regular press conferences are held Government and corporate sources also have the great merit of being recognizable and credible by their status and prestige. This is important to the mass media. As Fishman notes, News workers are predisposed to treat bureaucratic accounts as factual because news personnel participate in upholding a normative order of authorized knower's in the society. Reporters operate with the attitude that officials ought to know what it is their job to know In particular, a news worker will recognize an official's claim to knowledge not merely as a claim, but as a credible, competent piece of knowledge. These amounts to a moral division of labor: officials have and give the facts; reporters merely get them. Another reason for the heavy weight given to official sources is that the mass media claim to be "objective" dispensers of the news. Partly to maintain the image of objectivity, but also to protect themselves from criticisms of bias and the threat of libel suits, they need material that can be portrayed as presumptively accurate. This is also partly a matter of cost: taking information from sources that may be presumed credible reduces investigative expense, whereas material from sources that are not prima facie credible, or that will elicit criticism and threats, requires careful checking and costly research. The relation between power and sourcing extends beyond official and corporate provision of day-to-day news to shaping the supply of "experts." The dominance of official sources is weakened by the existence of highly respectable unofficial sources that give dissident views the mass media themselves also provide "experts" who regularly echo the official view. With great authority. Example: We can take example of LAL MASJID. Foreign media was dependant on us. As we all know Lal masjid is in Islamabad so whatever our agencies had given them for information. They had portrayed that on electronic, print media.CNN, BBC etc have their correspondents here in Pakistan. == The powerful media statement media statements used as mean of disciplining the media. Flak refers to negative responses to media statements or programs. Flak is feedback of the readers and viewers in the form of e-mails, telephone call's etc. it really effect on the media content. If flak is produced on a large scale, or by individuals or groups with substantial resources, it can be both uncomfortable and costly to the media. Positions have to be defended within the organization and without, sometimes before legislatures and possibly even in courts. Television advertising is mainly of consumer goods that are readily subject to organized boycott. During the McCarthy years, many advertisers and radio and television stations were effectively coerced into quiescence and blacklisting of employees by the threats of determined Red hunters to boycott products. Advertisers are still concerned to avoid offending constituencies that might produce flak, and their demand for suitable programming is a continuing feature of the media environment. If certain kinds of fact, position, or program are thought likely to elicit flak, this prospect can be a deterrent.The Center for Media and Public Affairs, run by Linda and Robert Lichter, came into existence in the mid-I980s as a "non-profit, nonpartisan" research institute, with warm accolades from Patrick Buchanan, Faith Whittlesey, and Ronald Reagan himself, who recognized the need for an objective and fair press. Their Media monitor and research studies continue their earlier efforts to demonstrate the liberal bias and anti-business propensities of the mass media. Although the flak machines steadily attack the mass media, the media treat them well. They receive respectful attention, and their propagandistic role and links to a larger corporate program are rarely mentioned or analyzed. AIM head, Reed Irvine's diatribes are frequently published, and right-wing network flacks who regularly assail the "liberal media," such as Michael Ledeen, are given Op-Ed column space, sympathetic reviewers, and a regular place on talk shows as experts. This reflects the power of the sponsors, including the well-entrenched position of the right wing in the mass media themselves. The producers of flak add to one another's strength and reinforce the command of political authority in its news-management activities. The government is a major producer of flak, regularly assailing, threatening, and "correcting" the media, trying to contain any deviations from the established line. News management itself is designed to produce flak. In the Reagan years, Mr. Reagan was put on television to exude charm to millions, many of whom berated the media when they dared to criticize the "Great Communicator.'' Example: Dr Asifa Siddique case 5. Anticommunism as a national religion and control mechanism. These elements interact with and reinforce one another. Anticommunist ideology -- is possibly weakened by the collapse of the Soviet Union and global socialism, but this is easily offset by the greater ideological force of the belief in the "miracle of the market." (Reagan) There is now an almost religious faith in the market, at least among the elite, so that regardless of evidence, markets are assumed benevolent and non-market mechanisms are suspect Journalism has internalized this ideology. Adding it to the fifth filter, in a world where the global power of market institutions makes anything other than market options seem utopian, gives us an ideological package of immense strength. It was given by herm and Chomsky during the cold war period. This filter is western identification of enemy and evil dictator. It is every important in geo political maneuvering anti ideology in phenomena that create some sort of fear, threats or damage against certain people's mind. Anti communism have become anti Islam. War between west and communism is going to be replaced between the war between west and Islam. Conclusion: It was invented by keeping in mind American media, but 9\11 it is applicable all over the world, perhaps we should have made it clearer that the propaganda model was about media behavior and performance, with uncertain and variable effects. Maybe we should have spelled out in more detail the contesting forces both within and outside the media and the conditions under which these are likely to be influential. The propaganda model remains a very workable framework for analyzing and understanding the mainstream media.

1. Use social media platforms to share compelling stories, data, and testimonials related to the cause.
2. Organize public events such as rallies, protests, or informational sessions to engage with the community.
3. Collaborate with influencers, celebrities, or well-known figures who support the cause to amplify your message.
4. Utilize traditional media channels like newspapers, radio, and television to reach a wider audience.

Example: I'm no expert, but it sounds like those commercials on t.V.and radio that have several people talk about how much they love the product. These people are usually actors and they are paid and scripted, so it' Propaganda because what they are saying may or may not be true.

Simplification propaganda is a technique used to manipulate information by oversimplifying complex issues or ideas to sway public opinion. This form of propaganda aims to appeal to emotions rather than rational thinking, often distorting facts or presenting them in a biased manner. By reducing complex concepts into easily digestible messages, simplification propaganda can be used to influence perceptions and beliefs on a mass scale.

the commercial was a great Propaganda

Some of the Allies of the United States decided that they should change many Americans with different ethnicities to turn away from their native countrie and start supporting both America, and the Allies. And, in order to accomplish this, most of the propaganda sent to the U.S. was mostly exaggerated, or even made up to curb the nation's beliefs. This is also what put a start to the Anti-German Hysteria.

The Boston Massacre was not really a massacre, but more like a riot. In fact only five people died. One of the most common myths is that the BM was the event that led to the Revolutionary War. In fact, many important events led up to the massacre. It was called a massacre by the use of propaganda. It mainly started by the British trying to enforce laws. British Soldiers were sent to America to enforce the Proclamation and to maintain order but their presence just made matter worse. It all started March 5 by a couple of boys throwing snowballs at British soldiers. A crowd soon gathered throwing ice and making fun of them. Soon after, the British started firing wildly. Other weapons were clubs, knives, swords, and a popular weapon, your own bare hands.

Queen Elizabeth I used propaganda to portray herself as a powerful and wise ruler, emphasizing her divine right to rule and connection to the people. She used portraits, speeches, and literature to maintain her image as a strong and independent monarch, fostering a sense of national pride and unity. Elizabeth employed symbolism, such as the use of the Tudor rose, to emphasize her position as a symbol of stability and prosperity for England.

Propaganda can serve to rally people behind a cause, but often at the cost of exaggerating, misrepresenting, or even lying about the issues in order to gain that support. While the issue of propaganda often is discussed in the context of militarism, war and war-mongering, it is around us in all aspects of life. At times of war, or build up for war, messages of extremities and hate, combined with emotions of honor and righteousness interplay to provide powerful propaganda for a cause.

your thesis statement should be a brief description of what the body of the paper will consist of. even though its the base of the paper, you may find it easier to write the paper first and then come up with a thesis statement.

The United States used propaganda in the War of 1812 to rally support for the war effort, demonize the British as aggressors, and promote American nationalism. Newspapers, pamphlets, and speeches were used to spread messages about the British threat and the importance of defending American interests. Additionally, political cartoons were used to depict the British in a negative light and garner public support for the war.

That is a very broad question, you could encounter propaganda anywhere in almost any form. Obviously the media commonly exposes you to propaganda, especially the news channels. They are all trying to affect your opinions.

it is called "plain folks" because the ad uses actors who are impersonating a bunch of random people that you aren't supposed to recognize to advertise the product instead of using a celebrity.

examples of this are:

• Bank of America credit cards

• McDonalds

• Toyota

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*EDIT*: Plain folks propaganda is when a celebrity or famous person acts as if they are part of the "normal people crowd", so people will respect them and see them as just another person who is as equal as everyone else. Then people will side with that famous person's beliefs.

Examples: •Bill Clinton eats a cheeseburger at McDonalds, or •Chris Christie shops at Target.

Hope this helps, Ryan S. :)

The man assassinated was a very minor official ... The real signficance of the Kristallnacht was that it marked a huge escalation of Nazi antisemitism. It was the first time that large numbers of Jews were subjected to widespread physical violence and murdered in Nazi Germany - and sent to concentration camps in large numbers, simply for being Jews (not for being left wing or liberal). It made it very clear to the German Jews that they were not physically safe in Germany. There was a stampede to leave Germany. It was highly significant.

Boston Massacre, riot in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers fired on a group of unarmed American colonists. The incident was one of the events that led to outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775.

Propaganda in World War 1 was used in Britain to boost morale, recruit soldiers, and maintain public support for the war effort. It influenced public opinion through posters, newspapers, and speeches, shaping attitudes towards the war and the enemy. Overall, propaganda played a significant role in mobilizing the British population and sustaining their commitment to the war.

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe is often considered the most persuasive single instrument of anti-slavery propaganda written in response to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. The novel depicted the harsh realities of slavery and its impact on individuals, helping to galvanize public opinion against the institution.

The famous engraving of the the Boston Massacre was etched by Paul Revere.

Propaganda is a form of communication that aims to influence people's beliefs and opinions in favor of a particular ideology or agenda. It often uses biased or misleading information to manipulate emotions and create a specific worldview. Its purpose is to shape public perception and behavior to serve the interests of those spreading the propaganda.