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Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period in which Europe underwent a rebirth in regards to classical art, literature, and architecture. The movement originated in Italy during the 14th century before spreading throughout Europe.
4,371 Questions
How did Renaissance art connect to the past?
The Renaissance was a revival in thought after the Middle Ages. Renaissance Europe was fasinated with ancient Greek culture. That is reflected in art.
Renaissance is a rebirth of creativity, literature, and learning in Europe.
rebirth of the classical tradition
What important method was developed by northern Renaissance artist?
Oil Painting was developed by Northern Renaissance Artist.
How did art change during the Renaissance?
During the Renaissance Era the art changed by:
Art became less focused on religion. Art became more humanist. Art became more secular.
What is the difference between a crest and a logo?
A crest is a historic term meaning the figure, animal or other item worn on top of a knight's helmet during the late medieval period. This also served as a kind of badge which would appear on his standard (if he were of sufficiently high rank), or on the tunics of his servants and men-at-arms. The crest might also be shown on his seal. It was considered to be a part of the coat-of arms, even though it did not appear on the shield, and was part of the grant of arms awarded to the knight by the college of arms.
A logo is an extremely modern badge, shape, sign, word or combination of these used to identify a particular marketing brand. It has very little history and has nothing at all to do with the medieval period; it is entirely related to the retail or marketing industry.
Renaissance/ Rebirth of the civilization started with the assimilation of the Greek and Arabic knowledge. It started from Italy and was spead to the rest of Europe.
An Empire fell [Byzantine] and new states emerged Ottoman Empire, Venice, England, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Nordic countries.
Science was rediscovered and universities were founded.
Astronomy, Mathematics, Geography, Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Navigation, Architecture, Engineering, Technology, Music, Theater, Painting, Arts in general, even warfare were developed.
Literature and Philisophy were revisited. Education ceased to be a privilege of the wealthy and upper class. New continents were discovered and exploited. The rights of individual citizens were recognized and wherever they were oppressed migration of populations did take place for religious or political reasons.
Inventions changed the life of average man.
Printing was invented by Gutenberg, telescope, compass, processing the minerals, agriculture, trade, paid labour even slavery had a comeback.
What are the positive and negative effects of renaissance architecture?
While no age is perfect, in many ways, the Renaissance was a golden age for art and architecture. There was a renewed interest in classical forms, with many architects making use of styles that had been popular in ancient Greece and Rome; but they did not simply imitate these styles-- rather, they adapted them to their own age.
Where the middle ages was a time when architects were expected to conform to the expectations of the Church, the Renaissance was a time when architects had more freedom to explore a variety of perspectives, even when designing religious structures. Renaissance cathedrals often had domes, and there were paintings or murals on the walls and ceilings. Many buildings were designed in a symmetrical and orderly manner, with doric or ionic columns, and decorative moldings, as they did in ancient Greece and Rome. Renaissance architects were also influenced by the philosophy of humanism, which referred to a commitment to having all citizens engaged in education and involved in civic life. It was an era when architects debated and discussed the philosophy of their profession, and the buildings they designed (which were paid for by wealthy patrons), were expected to be beautiful so that they would inspire the average person to become more educated and appreciate art.
As for the negative effects, this is difficult to say. Architecture of that period reflected a particular set of attitudes and beliefs, and the style became so popular that it spread throughout Europe and lasted for several hundred years.
What did the poor people eat in Tudor times?
MEAT
Rich people had a wide variety of meat and game including what they hunted:- deer, boar, rabbit, quail, bustard, curlew, plover, cormorant, badger, hedgehog, heron, crane, pheasant, woodcock, partridge, blackbirds etc.
They also had meat from the animals they reared on their land:- beef, mutton, veal, lamb, kid, pork, rabbit chicken, duck, swan, peacock, goose, pigeon, doves etc.
Poorer people would eat chickens which they could rear themselves, beef from the local market when they had the money, and rabbits which they could catch for themselves. They were also encouraged to shoot rooks and crows because these birds destroyed crops. Farm labourers sometimes fed on "coloppes" - which were slices of bacon.
They might also have meat they poached from the local landowners.
FISH
The sea fish for eating included cod, haddock, ling, conger, and plaice.
The fresh water fish included eels, pike, perch, trout, sturgeon, roach, and salmon.
Cockles, mussels and oysters also appeared in recipe books at the end of this period and oysters were available in large quantities in London markets.
Poor people sometimes poached fish from local landowners
Manchet was a very fine white bread made from wheat flour with a little bran and wheat germ added. It was creamy-yellow in colour. This bread was for the nobility.
Raveled bread or Yeoman's bread was made from coarser whole-wheat flour with the bran left in; it was a darker colour and less expensive than the manchet.
Carter's bread was dark brown or black bread. This was the bread that the poorest people ate. It was made from maslin, a mixture of rye and wheat, or from drage, a mixture of barley and wheat, or from rye alone. In the north it was made from oats.
VEGETABLES
Rich people didn't eat a lot of vegetables, they preferred high protein diets
Yeoman farmers' wives grew vegetables, herbs and flowers for eating in their gardens. The variety of vegetables grown included leeks, garlic, peas, parsnips, skirrets (like parsnips), collards and kale (types of cabbage), lentils, turnips, broad beans, onions, spinach, carrots, beets, artichokes, radishes, asparagus, Good King Henry (a summer savoury vegetable like spinach with a peppery flavour) and Alexander, which tastes similar to celery.
Vegetables were not eaten to accompany meat as nowadays. They might be used by the farmer's wife to make pottage which consisted of peas, milk, egg yolks, breadcrumbs and parsley which would be flavoured with saffron and ginger.
The word "sallet" was used to mean not only salad as we know it but any vegetable dish raw or cooked.
SUGAR & SWEET THINGS
The finest sugar was white from Madeira and melted easily in liquid. The next grade was Barbary or Canary sugar. The common, coarse sugar, which was brown and rather gluey, was good for syrups and for marinating meat; honey roast ham is a dish from this period. Puddings, pastries and biscuits were very popular and these all contained some sweeteners.
Poorer people used honey as a sweetener - they kept bees in hives in their gardens. The hives were made out of woven straw or wicker and covered with clay.
DAIRY PRODUCERich people did not eat much of these foods as they were thought of as peasant food.
Dairy produce provided a rich source of nourishment for poorer families; the women would spend time milking, churning butter and collecting eggs and feeding their hens. Milk, butter and eggs were also a useful source of income for the yeoman farmer and were sold at markets.
FRUIT
Oranges or any fruit imported from abroad was expensive and therefore only eaten by the upper classes. "Apricocks" (apricots) were imported from Portugal and "apples of love" (tomatoes) came from Mexico;
Poor people would have eaten fruit that they grew or could buy at market. There were many more varieties of apples, pears and cherries grown in England during the Tudor times than now. Other popular fruits included damsons, plums, strawberries and gooseberries.
DRINK
Hypocras was a sweet liqueur imported from the Eastern Mediterranean; it was the most expensive drink of all and was served at Royal banquets and special occasions.
Wine was popular at Court but was too expensive for most people because it had to be imported from countries where it was warm enough to grow grapes.
Sack was a sherry, a sweet wine from Spain.
Aqua vitae (the Latin for the water of Life) was the name given to any strong spirit such as brandy; it was expensive.
Ale was the word used for any fermented drink made from grain and water.
Beer was brewed from hops and was not so popular although it was cheaper than ale.
Cider was made from apples and was drunk by the poorer people.
Perry was a fermented drink made from pears.
People would drink milk
Tintoretto
How did florence and the Medici family become so wealthy?
Florence became wealthy because of trade and banking, during the crusades many ships would bring soldiers to fight and often they transported and traded. Also, since bankers handled the Church's transactions, they gained a large portion of those transactions, the Medici family originated as bankers and traders and became wealthy from it.
How do paintings done in the style of Renaissance Naturalism depict objects?
With detail and accuracy.
What did traveling entertainers actors peddlers add to society in the renaissance age?
Travelling entertainers/musicians would travel across Europe learning new music and new entertainment. They were like bees, spreading pollen (new entertainment/music styles) all across Europe, teaching people as they traveled. Peddlers would spread disease, knowledge and possibly some folklore/fairy-tales and good stories.
linear perspective
Was the Renaissance an age of progress and advancement?
Certainly, educated people of the Renaissance regarded their age as an age of progress and advancement; they were very self congratulatory on that score. And most historians since that time have agreed with them; perhaps this was because it is easier to agree with people who talk a lot than with those who do not say much. Personally, I think of the Renaissance as a time that is no more progressive then the Middle Ages, and in which there was comparatively little advancement aside from the works of a very few great geniuses. But other times have had their geniuses, too.
I will suggest a little experiment for anyone who wants to satisfy their own curiosity. I am leaving two links below to articles in Wikipedia. One is on medieval technology, and one on Renaissance technology. If you look at them, please remember a few things. First, the Middle Ages were 1000 years long, and the Renaissance were about 200 to 250. Second, they overlap to some extent, so the listings of developments both include some of the same things; the blast furnace and the printing press are listed in both. Also, there were important inventions left off the lists; my favorite medieval invention is the chimney, before which there were no fireplaces. And finally, the lists include both inventions and imported technology, but remember that advancement can come in the form of either. Now, if you look at these lists, ask yourself whether the advancements of Renaissance technology are more important than those of medieval technology, taking into account the difference in the time involved.
There are a lot of things people today like to find disparaging about the Middle Ages, and from which the Renaissance seems to be a cure, but the disparaging things said about the Middle Ages turn out not to be true, and the Renaissance is clearly in some respects a time of backsliding. Look at the article at the link on bathing, and you discover that people in the Middle Ages kept themselves clean, but people of the Renaissance relied on perfume. Look at the article at the link on witch hunts, and tell me whether the Renaissance or the Middle Ages was more superstitious. There is also a related question for those curious about the contention that medieval people were all illiterate except the clergy: "What is the Evolution of education in the Middle Ages?"
I could go on about the disparaging things said about the Middle Ages, that people think were cured by the Renaissance, but suffice it to say, if you are going to believe anything, believe what you can find by serious research and forget the rest.
What was the philosophy underlying the Renaissance and how it affected art of the time?
Humanism-Renaissance art featured human beings in their natural environment.
