Viruses (biological)

Both viruses and bacteria can be dangerous, but viruses are generally considered more dangerous because they depend on host cells to reproduce, making them harder to control and eliminate. Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, while most viral infections require supportive care and antiviral medications.

Anthrax is not a virus, but a bacterium known as Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus species are gram positive bacilli.

That is a very good question, and is a matter of debate. It does not have the minimum requirements to be "alive", like a cell membrane, nucleus, enzymes and biomolecules.

But on the other hand, it does have genetic material that is coded to replicate itself using a host, i.e. another living cell.

It needs another life form as host, because it alone cannot carry out the tasks of gathering molecules and putting them together in the form of a new virus, but it does have the information necessary to infect and force the host to use its own energy to replicate the very thing that will eventually kill it.

Therefore, virus are considered to be on the very fringes of the term "alive". They do not need nourishment of any kind and can remain active for very long periods of time, almost indefinitely.

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Viruses are not living cells, because

-- they don't use energy to grow or reproduce

-- they cannot reproduce on their own: they need a "host" cell that will turn their genetic material into more viruses

-- they don't eat or produce waste.

Viruses are similar to parasites because both require a host to survive and both destroy the cells in which they multiply (cause harm to the host).

The treatment of virus infections is usually left up to the patient's own immune system, although it may be hard to accept when the doctor says the only cure is for 'nature to take its course'. The treatment of virus infections such as influenza will usually involve: * Drinking plenty of water. * Staying at home. People who go to work or school in this condition not only risk spreading the virus to their colleagues, but also run a higher risk of catching a bacterial infection. * Taking a painkiller such as paracetamol (eg Panadol) or ibuprofen (eg Nurofen) to bring your temperature down. * Preventive vaccines have been developed against most viral diseases. The vaccine gives the body some help in quickly and effectively fighting the virus but of course must be taken in advance of the infection. 80% of people who take annual vaccines find they avoid flu infection. An increasing number of antiviral remedies are being developed that prevent the virus multiplying and cause the illness to run its course more quickly. Unfortunately, these remedies can still only be used on very few viruses. Antibiotics have no effect upon viral infections such as colds or flu, and it is important that we limit antibiotic use only to bacterial infections that won't get better on their own. Over-use of antibiotics reduces their effectiveness by encouraging the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which is a serious and increasing problem globally.

'Avian Influenza' is not the scientific name, the scientific name is actually Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza Type A, subtype H5N1.

The common names are: Avian Influenza, bird flu, and fowl plague.

No viruses do not have homeostasis. They have no cellular activities because they are not made of cells.

Viruses do not respond or adapt to the environment. Any changes in the viruses are brought about by the host cells that make the new copies of the virus.

When science says that viruses evolve, it is really the host cell that makes the changes in the virus. So the virus type accumulates these changes, but it doesn't make the changes itself.

There are many viruses that can survive in raw sewage, but one of the most common is Hepatitis A. Others include ECHO viruses, Polio, Coxsackie virus Epidemic gastroenteritis virus and SRV's (Small round viruses).

Influenza is caused exclusively by viruses in the Orthomyxoviridae family.Viruses are not true cells and are metabolically inert until they are attached or inside of a host cell of a plant or animal (including humans).

The common name for Epstein Barr virus is EBV or human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4).

A pour plate is an alternative method for using agar plates to obtain isolated colonies. Pour plates are used when it is necessary to know the number of organisms present per unit volume of specimen or other sample. When a specific aliquot is placed in the Petri dish, a count of the colonies that grow after incubation reveals their concentration in the original sample. Pour plates are used commonly in the bacteriologic examination of milk, or could also be used to determine whether sufficient bacterial numbers are present in urine samples to signify the patient has a urinary tract infection. The number of bacteria in solution can be readily quantified by using the spread plate technique. In this technique, the sample is appropriately diluted and a small aliquot transferred to an agar plate. The bacteria are then distributed evenly over the surface by a special streaking technique. After colonies are grown, they are counted and the number of bacteria in the original sample calculated. Streaking in this technique is done using a bent glass rod. 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension is placed in the center of the plate using a sterile pipet. The glass rod is sterilized by first dipping it into a 70% alcohol solution and then passing it quickly through the Bunsen burner flame. The burning alcohol sterilizes the rod at a cooler temperature than holding the rod in the burner flame thus reducing the chance of you burning your fingers. When all the alcohol has burned off and the rod has air-cooled, streak the rod back and forth across the plate working up and down several times. Unlike streaking for isolation, you want to backtrack many times in order to distribute the bacteria as evenly as possible. Turn the plate 90 degrees and repeat the side to side, up and down streaking. Turn the plate 45 degrees and streak a third time. Do not sterilize the glass rod between plate turnings. Cover the plate and wait several minutes before turning it upside down for incubation. This will allow the broth to soak into the plate so the bacteria won't drip onto the plate lid.

A virus is a very small creature and can not be seen by the naked eye. They can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. Their size is so small that their size can only be measured in micro-meters. The organism which is so small and is measured in micros are known as micro organisms

2. Some purists would have that since a virus does not contain organs, it is not an organism. It certainly does not enjoy an independent life.

Viruses are the smallest microbes known that cause disease. They are sub-microscopic. This means that they can not be seen with a regular microscope because they are too small (measured in nanometers). It takes an electron microscope to see a virus particle.

The second microbe that is among the smallest would be bacteria and then probably protists, as a generalization, after that (protists and bacteria have wider ranges of sizes than viruses). Bacteria are microscopic living organisms, while the viruses are non-living sub-microscopic organisms. Protists are single-celled living organisms, such as protozoa.

If you opened a virus file on your computer, you would typically find malicious code designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to your system. It may be programmed to steal personal information, delete files, or spread to other devices on the network. To protect your computer, it's important to have updated antivirus software and avoid opening suspicious files.

No, viruses do not have a nucleus like cells do. Viruses are tiny infectious agents that consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. They are considered a non-living entity because they cannot replicate or carry out metabolic functions on their own.

A virus is not considered living because it cannot survive or replicate on its own. It requires a host cell to multiply and cannot carry out metabolic processes or reproduce without hijacking a host cell's machinery.

Viruses are of different sizes. There size range in nanometers and can be of 2 to 200nm

A bacteriophage:

It literally means bacteria + to eat; these viruses were discovered to generate regions of clear plaques with no bacterial growth when placed on an agar plate covered by a lawn of bacteria.

A virus that infects bacteria is called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages inject their genetic material into the bacteria and use the host's machinery to replicate. They are being studied for potential use in treating bacterial infections in humans.

No, viruses do not have ribosomes. Instead, they rely on the host cell's machinery to replicate and produce proteins. Viruses lack many of the cellular structures and organelles found in living organisms.

Yes, the possibility of reversion to virulence is a concern in live attenuated virus vaccines. Although these vaccines are weakened, there is a small chance that the virus could regain its virulence and cause disease. To mitigate this risk, vaccine developers carefully design and monitor the attenuation process.

Tetanus is caused by bacteria, not a virus. The bacteria that cause tetanus, Clostridium tetani, are rod-shaped and produce spores that can survive in the environment. These spores can enter the body through wounds and produce a toxin that affects the nervous system. Symptoms of tetanus include muscle stiffness and spasms.