Women in History

Geraldine Ferraro (August 26, 1935 - March 26, 2011), a Congressman from NY,. was the first woman nominated by a major political party for vice-president. She was nominated by the Democrats in 1984 .

Women entered the ranks of the Marine Corps for the first time in 1918, Opha Mae Johnson was the first Female Marine.

Women's roles in history in the 19th and 20 century mainly revolved around the household. They bore children, were nurses, and teachers. During periods of war, they were drafted into the labor market.

She made air transport and women pilots more acceptable.

Perhaps you are thinking of the convention held in Seneca Falls NY in mid-July 1848. It was organized by two abolitionists who also believed in greater equality for women: Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. About 200 women, and 40 men, attended; unfortunately, most of the newspapers either ridiculed the idea of women's rights or ignored the convention entirely, but modern historians understand that this was in fact the beginning of what became the fight for suffrage-- the vote-- and for expanding women's legal rights as well.

Sophie Bryant - B.A. (1878), D.Sc. (1881), both awarded by the University of London. She was a mathematician. She became Deputy Headmistress and later Headmistress of the North London Collegiate School, which was (and still is) one of the leading girls' schools in London. At that time the school was located in Camden (not Edgware).

Amelia lived in many places and many different houses, too many to count.

There were 75 justices appointed to the Supreme court before O'Conner

Women were not allowed to vote. They usually could not get higher education. Often, they could not get jobs, and when they did, they got paid less than men for the same work. They could not own property, in many countries, including England, for a while. In some places, if they had money and got married, the money became the property of their husbands. They women's right movement started because they were sick of the unfairness.

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The women in World War 1 had different roles. Caring for soldiers and supplying food, as well as taking over many jobs that had before been done by men. Many worked in the war-industry as well.

Strong, believeable

For most of the middle ages, in most places, most people, men and women, worked their lives through in agriculture. The men plowed and did heavier work, and the women tended the children and the homes, as much as they could, but men and women planted together, weeded together, harvested together, and tended animals together.

Aside from that, women did jobs they could do at home or in housing shared by women. One such house is portrayed in Shakespeare's Henry V. Such employment included making and repairing cloth and garments, working on carpets and tapestries, and so on. Women did not tend to be chefs, but they worked in kitchens. They helped prepare food, clean up, and organize things. They also tended cleaning for higher born people. One job they especially did was to clean and repair the clothes of high born women, and for a job like this they had to be especially trustworthy.

A lot of women went into convents, which represented an alternative to weary work an child bearing. In convents, they provided medicine and healing. They did all the cleaning and cooking they might otherwise have done. They raised crops, but were more likely than serfs to raise such specialty crops as medicinal herbs. They prayed. I see no reason why they would not have transcribed bibles, just as monks did, but they might have thought differently in the middle ages.

Some women were the wives of lords and kings. They needed special education and training because they needed to be able to take over their husband's jobs if times required it. There were a number of women who were sovereign monarchs and there were also a number who were noted tacticians. Margaret I of Denmark was one such woman, and Ethelfleda of Mercia was another.

The first woman Prime Minister was Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka. She was prime minister from from 21 July 1960 to 27 March 1965, from 29 May 1970 to 23 July 1977 and from 14 November 1994 to 10 August 2000.

because she is the first woman who has traveled space.

Yes there was. I believe she had navigators on board with her.

women has been wearing make up since man has writen. Civilizations from 5000 years recorded in the Bible has been wearing make up.

Reagon was the first president to appoint a woman to the supreme court

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Economic indicators show that GNP in the American economy reached its low in the summer of 1932 to February 1933, then steadily climbed upward until a downturn in 1938. However, unemployment continued to remain at very high levels until 1941.

Women got the vote in America in 1920. However, black women, like black men, were often prevented from voting in the south by the poll tax, literacy laws, threats, intimidation, and outright violence.

Most single women worked for a living, and so did a lot of married women. The number of married women going out to work increased during the 1930s because many women were trying to keep their families afloat. Some people objected to married women working, because they thought they were taking jobs from single women who needed to support themselves. Many school boards, for instance, refused to hire married women teachers. But in spite of this, the number of working married women increased steadily throughout the 30s.

It was still a widely held assumption that the man should be the head of the household, and many women preferred it that way. But not all couples were the same. Some wives ruled the roost, and some couples had a more equal relationship. Generally, most married couples probably didn't get along any worse than most do now, and some were probably getting along better.

The marriage rate dropped in the 30s: "Do you realise how many people in my generation are not married?" asked Elsa Ponselle, who was working as a teacher when the Chicago school system ran out of money and started paying its staff with I.O.U.s. Her boyfriend, a commercial artist, vanished when he was laid off from his job. "It hit him like a ton of bricks." she said. Magazines once again ran articles about women who found happiness in life without a husband. 'Live Alone And Like It' was a best-seller.

In the 1940s, some women were able to obtain better-paid employment than they had formerly had by working in defence. Peggy Terry, who got a job with her mother and sister at a shell-loading plant in Kentucky, was euphoric. "We made the fabulous sum of thirty-two dollars a week" she said. "To us it was an absolute miracle. Before that, we made nothing." As a result of the great migration of women to defence jobs, 600 laundries went out of business in 1942, and in Detroit, a third of the restaurants closed because of the lack of help.

Although most unmarried women were already working when the war started, a number of college students quit school to join the war effort. Among the other early volunteers were the wives of servicemen: "Darling, you are now the husband of a career woman - just call me your Shipyard Babe!" wrote Polly Crow to her husband overseas.

By late 1942, unemployment was virtually non-existent, and the government projected a need for 3 million more workers in the next year. The prime pool of potential workers was married women. Ads and movie newsreels constantly emphasised how defence work was just like housework. However, even when the war was at its height, and the need for workers was most desperate, nearly 90 percent of the housewives who had been at home when Pearl Harbor was bombed still ignored the call.

One of the reasons was undoubtedly the lack of child care. Unlike England, where the government provided all sorts of support services for women who worked, the US government left them to their own devices. Congress didn't appropriate money for federal daycare until 1943, and even then it was used so ineptly that only about 10 percent of the defence workers' children were ever enrolled. Defence work was also hard and dirty. A lot of women found it unappealing.

Whether women worked or not, their lives were made infinitely more complicated by rationing, which restricted the availability of sugar, coffee, butter, certain types of meat, and canned goods as well as things like gasoline, tires, and stockings. Unable to find stockings, women began wearing makeup on their legs instead. And since the stockings of the 1940s had seams down the back, women's magazines ran guides on how to draw a realistic-looking line down the calf.

Civilians got stamps ever month that gave them the right to buy different products. "My mother and all the neighbours would get together round the dining-room table and they'd be changing a sugar coupon for a bread or meat coupon. It was like a giant Monopoly game" said Sheril Cunning, who was a child in Long Beach, California, during the war.

Dorothea Erxleben (nee Leporin) was the first woman to be be awarded a doctorate at any German university. She was awarded a doctorate in medicine by the University of Halle in 1754.

No further doctorate was awarded to a woman by a German unviersity till 1788, when Dorothea Schloezer was awarded a doctorate in philosophy by the University of Goettingen.

Note that all women awarded doctorates in Germany before 1900 had to get special permission to present themselves as candidates for the degree.

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1. The Iditarod received more attention outside of the state after the 1985 victory of Libby Riddles, a long shot who became the first woman to win the race. Susan Butcher became the second woman to win the race and went on to win three more years.