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Architecture
Art and science of structural design. Architectural responsibilities include both feasibility analysis and aesthetic considerations.
2,850 Questions
What are the types of service a marketing consultancy firm provide?
Are you talking about digital marketing? if yes then its provide Digital marketing, SEO, social media, Email Marketing, Online Reputation management and many more, oriondigital.in contains all the information regarding digital marketing.
What are some architectural designs in Rome building?
The Romans effected what historians call the Roman architectural revolution or concrete revolution. This involved the extensive use of concrete, the barrel (simple) arch and the vaulted arch. These three elements enabled the Romans to go beyond Greek methods of construction which used cut-stone and post-and-beam or post-and-lintel structures.
The Romans developed a type of concrete (opus caementicium) which was as resistant as modern concrete and also set underwater (and therefore could also be used to build docks for ports, dams, aqueducts and bridges). It was less fluid than modern concrete and had to be layered by hand. It was made by mixing a volcanic rock called pozzolana (which is named after Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples) with lime as a binder and the addition of rubble from stones, bricks or pottery shreds as aggregates which added body to it. Concrete had technical and practical advantages. It was exceptionally strong and could span great distances when shaped into arches, vaults and domes as it could be moulded. It was layered into a formwork and it took the shape of its container. It did not require skilled labour and therefore was cheaper. It was much faster for construction than laborious masonry walls. It was safer because concrete vaulted roofing was fireproof, unlike the wooden-beamed roofs of traditional construction post-and-lintel methods.
The potential of the previously little used arch and vault, was fully exploited for the first time. The Romans were the first to fully appreciate the advantage of these structures. The (simple, barrel) arch has a strong load- bearing capacity. The vault (vaulted arch) has an even greater load-bearing capacity and its structure is suited to support large roofs. Their construction in concrete made them easier to build and even stronger. This led to the use larger and monumental arches and vaults on a grand scale. However, the Romans did not abandon masonry arches and vaults. The vaulted arch came into two forms: the groin arch is formed by two to four intersecting barrel (simple) arches and the rib arch, where the intersecting arches were not of the same diameter; the ribbed arch has intersected arches of different diameter.
What is advanced architectural design?
A simplified definition of advanced architectural design might be that it is the blending of the most advanced construction materials and building techniques with outside-the-box visions of the way to define a structure and fabricate it to integrate the inside space and the outside, and all the time making a useful and usable space within a shell that is connected to the surroundings.
How is basic design taught to architecture students?
Basic design is the first design exercise for the fresh minds from schools. Architectural institutions teach this subject more in a practical way. Starting from lines and patterns to mountboard and matchstick modelling. This should be the stage where students can think out of box. Once the get into architectural design their ability to think out of box diminishes. Some architectural colleges insist the students to do conventional things and not allowing the students to explore. Basic design is the subject to explore right from the begining. "Only if there is a need, there will be an innovative invention", So students themselves has to create the need by committing to produce minumum three options for a design exercise. Suriya ---- Its better that I add my answer here, rather than editing it, as I think this would be a major change: Rajesh Advani:Here it goes: In Basic Design (BD. henceforth) subject, there has been lot of talk about BD principles (like, balance, alignment, repetetion, symmetry etc.) and BD elements (like lines, points, shapes etc.). Subject has been compartmentalized and not much efforts were taken to relate it to other subjects in Architecture. Yes, recently the change in curriculum and teaching methodology in many institutes in India, saw some positive changes in BD teaching and learning. I personally always felt that, BD is the first encounter of students with design. Students came from the usual RUT system and different backgrounds, for years together they only saw and believed 2+2=4. So major role of BD teachers was to "open up students' mind" for new ideas and introduce them to something called "subjectivity". BD, essentially comprised of "sketching, visualizing, representing and compositional skills". before the exercise goes to students, its very necessary that faculty forsees some of the results and prepares himself for the discussion accordingly. let's not forget that "nothing can go wrong in basic design", everything can just improve and be better.
BD, this subject shall not be results oriented always, much stress shall also be given to process of composition and designing. Any exercise is just the medium of developing various skills in students, so nature and type of exercise hardly matters.
BD, as a subject can be directly related to architecture, its not difficult at all. But, do we really need to relate it to architecture at foundation years? i think, no. we don't need to start talking about architecture and basics of design right from first day. Students, once they have understood the existence of "subjectivity", its importance in design and analyzing the design, they can be exposed to architectural design.
Hortonsphere is a spherical pressure vessel used to storage compressed gases in liquid+gas stage (Hydrocarbons, Fuel gases etc.). The name "Hortonsphere" is a trademark registered by Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CBI). "Horton" is in honor to Horace Ebenezer Horton who has funded the CBI company. The first hortonsphere was built in Port Arthur, Texas, in 1923.
You can find more history info in CBI.com
What is the cost of adding a bathroom?
In Minnesota, a construction company is adding my bathroom for $8500 including porcelene sink, bathtab, vinyl floor and exhaust. They will have to cut 10ft plubing line in the floor
Does adding spray paint affect a bottle rocket?
Certain kinds of spray paint will eat away at the bottle itself making it explode when it launches find non-petroleum based paints.
A cupola has several meanings. On a house, it is likely to mean a small dome shaped roof that projects above the rest of the roof.
the efffective length of a beam is the length along the beam at which the beam will fail when a load is acting upon it. This effective length is usually near the centre of the beam as that is where the stresses are the greatest. For example a fat chick jumping up and down on the beam would reduce the effective length dramatically as the loads are semi-constant but ginormous.
Solid plastering is the occupation of covering surfaces and producing a finish ready for painting.
There are several methods including but not limited to;
Sand Finish - cement based product that is "floated" then "sponged" to produce a flat and sandy finish
What is the frost line depth for rochester new york?
Easy its simple all you do is measure around it on a text book with a ruler then multiply that by 1,000km
In hot rolling mills the steel bar is passed through a high pressure water quenching system whereby only the peripheral temperature is drastically reduced while the core remains largely unaffected. On leaving the specially designed quenching system, the core heat tempers the peripheral martensite that was formed during quenching. This results in a rebar with a soft core and a uniform hardened tempered martensite periphery - a rebar with high yield strength but with extremely good ductility. Such rebars are ideal for use in high hazard seismic areas.
These bars are produced in bar rolling mills by use of the globally proven and accepted THERMEX Quenching System and Technology of M/s HSE Germany.
In the Indian Region comprising India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, M/s H&K Rolling Mill Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai (H&K India) have been given perpetual exclusive rights by HSE Germany to Licence, sell, market, install and commission the unique THERMEX Quenching Systems. As on 1 April 2013, H&K India has received orders for nearly 200 Thermex Systems to be set up in rolling mills - of which about 29 were under excecution. The installed capacity of Thermex QST rebars in India alone is over 14 million tonnes (65% market share). Each Thermex Licensee in Indian Region is subject to strict quarterly audit. Qualified QST engineers visit each Licensee to ensure that the rebar properties are as per the strict standards laid down by HSE Germany and H&K India besides meeting the Standrards of the country.
The Thermex 500 QST rebar meets most global standards and codes and is widely accepted by leading users of rebars because of the uniform properties obtained from the various Thermex Licensees.
In India, the registered trade mark/name THERMEX is owned by H&K India as per permission given by HSE Germany.
Unfortunately, in India, these QST rebars are incorrectly referred to as 'TMT' bars. 'TMT' is an acronym for Thermo-Mechanically Treatment even though no mechanical treatment is involved in the process. This has lead to a number of improper 'TMT' rebars being sold in India with non-uniform tempered martensite periphery at the rebar cross-section - encouraged by this non-uniformity "not being a ground for rejection" as per latest rebar code IS:1786-2008!
For further information you may contact R. K. Markan at handk.india@gmail.com
# You would have to go on the ground. # A bunch of people would be upset. # They aren't important, you just use them everyday they arent, you just use them every day.
What is a compound made of hydrogen and carbon called?
Many different types of compounds contain hydrogen and carbon - but along with other elements such as oxygen. A molecule that consists *only* of hydrogen and carbon typically refers to a class of compounds called hydrocarbons. A larger group of organic molecules that also contain oxygen are called carbohydrates.
It may be useful to think of a hydrocarbon as a carbon "backbone" off of which hydrogen atoms anchor themselves to. The number of carbon atoms that make up this "backbone" determine the name of the specific type of hydrocarbon.
For example, a hydrocarbon with 2 carbon atoms along its "backbone" and 3 hydrogen atoms attach to each carbon (6 total) is referred to as ethane. 3 Carbons and 8 hydrogen is propane. 4 carbons and 10 hydrogen is Butane. 5 carbon and 12 hydrogen is pentane, and so on.
Hydrocarbons as a compound typically refer to petroleum-derived products such as gasoline, various types of waxes, oils and natural gases. In the field of architecture, it may be used very loosely to describe the fuels that power a building (coal, natural gas, diesel generators, etc). It may also be used very loosely (and perhaps inaccurately) when people describe various materials typically used as epoxy sealants and bituminous roofing products.
In the most broad sense, hydrocarbons generally refer to fuel that has to be removed from deep layers of the Earth's crust (fossil fuels). These molecules are dense with energy and thus when combusted provide the power that many civilizations have used. Unfortunately, when hydrocarbons are combusted - they release by-products into the air (Carbon Dioxide) that can build up to the point where the Earth has difficulty releasing some of the heat it absorbs from the sun back into space. This is referred to as the "greenhouse effect" and many experts in atmospheric sciences and environmental science believe that if the reliance on Hydrocarbons continues - the greenhouse effect will become pronounced and produce a sequence of detrimental changes to the environment.
Structures, which keep their shape and support loads, even without a frame, or solid mass material inside, are called shell structures. These structures use a thin, carefully shaped, outer layer of material, to provide their strength and rigidity. The shape of a shell structure spreads forces throughout the whole structure, which means every part of the structure supports only a small part of the load, giving it its strength.
Examples include: igloos, egg cartons, turtle shell, food or pop cans, or, even bubbles in foam and cream puffs.
What is the purpose of the multiprocessing in computer system structure?
The primary purpose of multiprocessing is to allow more than one process to run, or to appear to run, at the same time. This allows more work to be done more quickly, because one process can be running while another is waiting on something else, so it allows the CPU to be more efficiently utilized. Multiprocessing is an architecture that allows the concept of multiple processes, each lined up to compete for execution by the CPU. The operating system manages the dispatching of each process according to a priority scheme. Processes can be ready, which means the OS can dispatch them to run, or they can be blocked, which means they are unable to be dispatched because they are waiting on some event, such as IO completion, keyboard entry, another process, something. Done correctly, which most modern OS's do very well, it will seem that you can run multiple processes at the same time. If there is only one CPU, then only one process can be running, or dispatched, at any one time. Still, the appearance of concurrent execution will exist. If there is more than one CPU, such as in a dual or quad core processor, then the OS is able to dispatch more than one process at the same time. This is true parallel execution. In modern OS's, the concept of threading exists. Processes and threads are somewhat similar. While different OS's have different terms for processes and threads, it is general convention that a process is an address space supporting a program, with one or more threads running within it. Threads, on the other hand, are what the OS actually manages in term of dispatchability. A thread, then, is an execution path through a process. You can write a program that has only one thread, and the OS will handle it accordingly. If you have several "things" to do within that program, you are responsible for the dispatching of those "things". Well, those "things" can be threads. You can write code that initiates additional threads within your process, each designed to handle one "thing". You then turn dispatch management over to the OS, and you have now written a multi-threaded application. Whether we call them threads or processes or something else, the issue of thread safety is paramount. Thread safety is the ability of a thread to properly access and potentially modify a data structure that is shared between threads (or processes) without creating corruption of data. Various kinds of interlocking mechanisms exist to handle this - it is a big topic, and one that requires great care in its design.
What is a crib retaining wall?
a wall constructed of precast blocks (usually concrete) and filled with earth. holds back mass of earth or solid material.
From what Greek philosopher did Abbot Suger draw inspiration?
Abbott Suger did not draw his inspiration from a Greek philosopher. He drew his inspiration from an early missionary to Gaul: St. Denis. However, St. Denis was actually drawn from an early follower of St. Paul, one Dionysius, who became Bishop of Athens. He then set out to "missionize" France, where he was eventually martyred by the Romans.
Can salt water be used for cement mixtures?
Generally, salt is harmful to concrete. It will seriously corrode any reinforcing steel. The salt crystals, when the concrete is dry, will weaken the concrete. The setting of cement is a complex set of chemicals, calcium sulphates and silicates mainly. The presence of salt may interfere with these crystals forming, which may take years.
Why did Gaudi prefer to use organic curving shapes instead of straight lines in his architecture?
Yeah, well I know that's an art homework question so please refrain from using the internet and use what you have learned instead.
The stiffener used to strengthening the sides surface (hull) of the ship is called stringers. Without using stringers the hull shape of the ships does not formed.
How much money does an architect make on one building design?
There are a number of ways an architecture firm can charge for services. The 2 most common are to bill to an hourly estimate as a "cost not to exceed" or to submit a proposal for a percentage of construction costs.
When billing in a percentage manner, the fees usually run between 3-10% of construction costs. The bigger the project, the lower the fee percentage. An example of this fee curve is found here:
The entire billed percentage does not go straight to the architecture firm. The architect is responsible for hiring engineering design consultants to design the building's structural, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, civil (sitework), and landscaping components.
In an hourly rate, the architect computes the hours he/she thinks it's going to take to design the building. The design of a building is divided up into several phases (regardless of the billing method):
Conceptual Design + Master Planning
Schematic Design
Design Development
Construction Documents (Can be phased into 50%, 75%, 95%, 100%)
Permitting + Bidding
Construction Administration
In the typical proposal, each phase is broken down into specific tasks, employee-specific titles, and subsequently hours are assigned to each task. For instance, in Design Development, the proposal may list the Project Manager performing 8 hours of work in engineering systems coordination and a Draftsman may account for 96 hours of CAD drawings. Tasks would also be assigned to the Project Designer, Firm Principal, and Clerical. Engineering consultant services are added to the proposal before it is finalized and sent to the client for approval.
