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Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.

8,065 Questions

In simple terms what is polyethylene glycol made of?

Polyethylene glycol is a polymer composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). It is called a polymer because it is a huge molecule with thousands of atoms, composed of a long chain of bonded atoms. The pattern in the atoms repeats itself. The pattern is:
HO-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H
where the part in the middle in parenthesis repeats itself over and over again. For example, if it only repeated itself 3 times, it would be:

HO-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-H
In the real molecule, it repeats itself many more times than that!

See the Web Links and Related Questions for more information.

Is glucose aliphatic or aromatic?

Glucose is considered aliphatic because it is a simple sugar composed of a straight-chain carbon skeleton, specifically a hexose with a six-carbon chain. Aromatic compounds, on the other hand, have ring structures containing delocalized electrons, which glucose does not possess.

What would happen without photosynthesis?

If light was to suddenly stop, photosynthesis would stop. The driving energy behind photosynthesis is chemical energy which is created directly from sunlight. Without photosynthesis a build up of carbon would occur and humans and animals would come to and end.

When the actual free energy change of a reaction change in G has a numerical value of less than zero negative number what will happen?

When the delta G is negative the reaction is said to be spontaneous or in other words favorable. It also means the reaction is irreversible once full product concentration is reached.

If delta G is positive, the reaction is unfavorable thus can easily be reversed.

If it is zero it is at equilibrium.

Why is the xanthoproteic test for phenol negative?

I reckon the answer would be that phenol has a hydroxyl group (-OH) which is bonded to a phenyl ring. It yields the same positive result like tyrosine which has a hydroxyl group bonded to its phenyl ring.

What elements are present in butter?

The main elements present in butter in non-trace amounts are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Other elements present in lower amounts include phosphorous, potassium, sodium, chlorine, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. There are very small amounts of other elements present, including selenium and fluorine.

What is the freezing point of 'urine'?

freezing point - 135 degree celsius

boiling point - 150 degree celsius

It depends on the concentration of your solution. The freezing point of 2.0 g of Urea in a 10 mL solution of pure water begins to freeze at -6.7 degrees celsius.

What parts of the nucleotides make up the rungs of the ladder?

In DNA, the actual nitrogenous base rings make up the "ladder" while the "sides" are made from alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups.

The number of bonds for each carbon atom in a structural formula is?

The number of bonds for each carbon atom in a structural formula is typically four. Carbon atoms can form single, double, or triple bonds with other atoms, but they typically form four bonds in organic compounds.

Why are there so many kinds of protein?

We should note that enzymes are proteineous but not all enzymes are protein,actually it depends in the sequence of the amino acid polymerization,for instance in the change of valine of normal haemoglobin to glutamine of sickle haemoglobine and some protein constitute its monomers alone while others constitute another chemical component apart from their monomers.

What is the difference between a fat and a wax?

Chemically, a wax is a type of lipid that may contain a wide variety of long-chain alkanes, esters, polyesters and hydroxy esters of long-chain primary alcohols and fatty acids. They are usually distinguished from fats by the lack of triglyceride esters of glycerin (propan-1,2,3-triol) and three fatty acids.

Fats (and oils) are triglycerides (or triacylglycerols): they consist of glycerol combined with three fatty acid molecules. The fatty acids are linked to the glycerol by ester links.

Waxes are esters of an alcohol other than glycerol and a single long chain acid.

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Are hydrocarbons in soluble in water?

Hydrocarbons by themselves are non polar, so they would not be soluble in water, which is a polar molecule. Some hydrocarbon molecules however can have parts (with oxygen, hydrogen, fluor or nitrogen) and interact with water molecules though hydrogen bonding, albeit with less efficiency than other molecules that are polar.

Why peptide bond is rigid and planar?

The peptide bond is rigid and planar because of the partial double-bond character resulting from resonance between the carbonyl oxygen and the amide nitrogen. This restricts rotation along the bond axis, maintaining a fixed planar conformation. The resonance structure creates a stable arrangement, as any rotation would disrupt the conjugation and lead to higher energy state.

What are false substrates?

False substrates are molecules that resemble the natural substrate of an enzyme but cannot be acted upon by the enzyme. They compete with the actual substrate for the enzyme's active site, inhibiting the enzyme's normal function. This can lead to a decrease in enzyme activity and disrupt biochemical pathways.

What makes a lipid a lipid?

Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. They are characterized by their insolubility in water but solubility in organic solvents. Lipids play various roles in the body, such as energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling molecules.

Why should you take the supplement magnesium?

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including energy production, muscle function, and nerve transmission. Many people do not consume enough magnesium through their diet, making supplementation necessary for optimal health. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency include muscle cramps, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat, highlighting the importance of ensuring adequate magnesium intake through supplementation.

What is a catchy project name for Photosynthesis?

"A catchy project name for Photosynthesis could be 'Green Light: Unveiling the Secrets of Photosynthesis' or 'Sunlight Symphony: Exploring the Magic of Photosynthesis'. These names evoke the essence of photosynthesis as a natural process driven by light and energy conversion. They are engaging and memorable, making the project more appealing to participants and audiences."

If you are looking through a microscope at a freshly prepared wet mount and you see several perfect circles that are completely clear surrounding your specimen what is the most likely explanation?

The most likely explanation is that the circles are air bubbles trapped in the mounting medium. It is common for air bubbles to form when preparing wet mounts, especially if the slide was not properly prepared or if the cover slip was not placed carefully to avoid trapping air.

What are the disadvantages of enzymes in baby food?

They're not. Protease enzymes are used in baby foods to break down large proteins into amino acids, making them easier to digest.

They're not. Protease enzymes are used in baby foods to break down large proteins into amino acids, making them easier to digest.

Does the size of a pan affect the time for water to boil?

Larger the surface area of the pot that is in contact with the heat, lesser time it takes for water to boil.

Does the mixture of coca cola and tin tomato has anything to do with blood building?

Oh, dude, mixing Coca-Cola and tin tomato won't magically give you superhero blood or anything. I mean, technically, Coca-Cola contains some iron, but it's not the best source for building blood. If you want to boost your iron levels, maybe try some actual iron-rich foods like spinach or lean meats. But hey, if you're into weird food combos, go for it - just don't expect any miracles!

Why do you say that an enzyme is reusable?

Yes, an enzyme is reusable. Remember that a catalyst speeds up a reaction or lowers the activation energy without being chemically altered in the reaction. An enzyme is simply a biological catalyst so it does not change during the reaction.

The only way to change an enzyme and make it unusable is if it becomes exposed to high temperatures and becomes denatured.This means the active site is damaged and the enzyme is no longer able to attach to substrates and catalyse the reaction.