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Pathology

Pathology is the scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences. It deals with the study of mechanisms and manifestations of disease, and involves the study of bodily changes that occur as the result of disease. This category is for questions about pathology, the study of disease and its causes, development, and consequences.

534 Questions

What does thickening of the bladder mean?

The wall of the urinary bladder should not be > 3 mm thick when distended and not > 5 mm thick when decompressed. The thickened wall could be due to the edema (swelling) of the wall which can happen due to the inflammation(cystitis) or the thickening could be due to the deposition of urinary sediments on the walls of the bladder. These are the 2 commonest causes. Bladder cancer is another cause. Generally if you are diagnosed with thickening of the bladder you will be sent to a urologist and have a cystoscopy performed.

What causes third spacing?

Third-spacing refers to a situation in which fluid shifts out of the blood into a body cavity or tissue where it is no longer available as ciculating fluid. Examples include peritonitis, the inflammation and infection of the peritoneal membranes, and burns, in which extensive inflammation of the skin and underlying tissues causes fluid to shift out of the blood, causing edema. The result of of this shift is a fluid deficit in the vascular compartment (hypervolemia) and a fluid excess in interstitial space. Until this cause is removed, fluid remains in the "third-space"--in the body but is not a functional part of the circulating fluids.

How long does recovery take from rhabdomyolysis?

Okay, so here's all that I've researched as I am 10 days post rhabdo after attempting to run a 13.1. From everything that I've read online, recovery can take anywhere from 1 to 3 (yes, I meant 3) MONTHS. Yikes. I will state that I spent 2 days in the hospital on an IV and then the past week at home on the couch. I was easily running 8 miles ( at 5/6 mph) every other day during training and I just attempted to walk 1 mile on my treadmill yesterday and I could barely stand walking it at 3 mph. Looks like it is a long , slow recovery. Sorry to drop the bad news on you. = ( Best of luck.

What is atypic follicular lesion of undetermined significance?

This term means that a lesion (or spot) on or around a follicle (in an ovary) has been found but the pathologist making this report is not sure if it is important or not.

Various pathologies cause both types of shock match the corresponding pathology with its shock classification given?

  1. Hypovolemic shock: Caused by conditions such as severe bleeding, dehydration, or fluid loss, leading to a decrease in circulating blood volume.

  2. Distributive shock: Caused by conditions such as sepsis, anaphylaxis, or neurogenic shock, leading to widespread vasodilation, decreased peripheral resistance, and relative hypovolemia.

Why does the first born child not have erythroblastosis fetalis?

The first child born of a female is generally not at risk for erythroblastosis fetalis because the mother's immune system has not been exposed to the fetal blood antigens and therefore has not produced antibodies against it. However, by the second pregnancy there is a slight risk if the blood type of the fetus is not compatible with the mother's blood type.

What are 2 nucleic acid polymers?

A nucleic acid is a polymer. Its monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Hope I helped :)

Where find the anne pressly autopsy report?

You're sick. Make sure someone posts your autopsy report online.

What type of pathogen takes over host cells?

Cell parasites. The most well know are viruses (which are not cells themselves), but there are a variety of very small parasitic cells that can live inside eukaryotic host cells and control them to a greater or lesser degree.

What is the difference between human and rat spermatozoa?

Human spermatozoa are longer and have a different shape compared to rat spermatozoa. Additionally, human spermatozoa have a higher motility rate and larger head size in comparison to rat spermatozoa. These differences contribute to the variations in reproductive strategies between humans and rats.

What is the difference between a medicine that makes you feel better and a medicine that actually makes you feel better?

I believe your question is actually, what is the difference between a medicine that makes you feel better versus a medicine that actually makes you better.

A medicine that makes you feel better but doesn't actually treat anything is called a placebo - it is generally a sugar pill or a gelatin pill with no active ingredients. However, the simple act of taking something that is supposed to make you feel better can cause you to actually feel better.

A medicine that actually makes you better is a true medication with active pharmacologic agent(s) that will affect a biologic process to improve your health.

What does severe tendonopathy of the distal aspect of the supraspinatus tendon mean?

The supraspinatus tendon runs from the muscle on the outside of the shoulder blade, over the shoulder joint and inserts on the humerus. The distal aspect is the part that inserts onto the humerus. Tendonopathy is unclassified disease of the tendon; this could be due to infection, trauma, degeneration or neoplasia.

In practical terms, this is one of the tendons associated with the rotator cuff. It is severely damaged and may be close to the point of spontaneous rupture. Surgery is not a fun option as it is painful, recovery is time-consuming and 100% function is not likely to be restored. I suspect your doctor would have recommended strict rest to let the tendon heal itself - no lifting weights, no raising the arm over your head, possibly wear a sling.

What is the literal meaning of many tumors?

Many tumors, or polyneoplasia, means there are more than 3-4 tumors present. Generally this indicates the primary neoplasia (the original tumor) has spread to other organs or lymph nodes.

Can a retrovirus infect other cells?

Yes, a retrovirus can infect other cells. Retroviruses, such as HIV, insert their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, allowing them to replicate and produce new virus particles. These newly formed viruses can then go on to infect additional cells, spreading the infection within the host organism. This ability to integrate into the host genome is a key characteristic of retroviruses.

What is h and e slides in liver biopsy?

H&E staining is the classic staining used for basic cellular cytology. The "H" turns acidic structures (such as DNA) blue and the "E" turns the proteins red.

How do you make a stinging nettle stop stinging?

You squeeze some liquid out of the stinging nettle and just rub it on to where it stings

Do pathogenic bacteria thrive in distilled water?

No. Like all living things, bacteria need nutrients to support their vital functions. Without a source of nutrients the bacteria will die. Distilled water is pure water with no dissolved salts, proteins or carbohydrates.

How long does it take to receive results from fine needle biopsy?

According to the medical professional, performing a real biopsy procedure on the included video - about one week - for liver biopsy.