Alchemy (the practice)

80 years of age, (1330-1402) 16 years after his wife.

His age made him seem almost immortal, because not a whole lot of people lived that long, you died from a toothache in his age.

References about alchemy are to be found in the myths and legends of ancient China. From a book written by Edward Chalmers Werner, a late member of the Chinese Government's History Bureau in Peking comes this quotation from old Chinese records: "Chang Tao-Ling, the first Taoist pope, was born in A.D. 35 in the reign of the Emperor Kuang Wu Ti of the Hari dynasty.

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The great Egyptian adept king, named by the Greeks "Hermes Trismegistus" is thought to have been the founder of the art. Reputed to have lived about 1900 B.C., he was highly celebrated for his wisdom and skill in the operation of nature, but of the works attributed to him only a few fragments escaped the destroying hand of the Emperor Diocletian in the third century A.D.

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An Arabic version of the text was discovered in a work ascribed to Jabir (Geber), which was probably made about the ninth century. In any case, it must be one of the oldest alchemical fragments known, and that it is a piece of Hermetic teaching I have no doubt, as it corresponds to teachings of the Thrice-Greatest Hermes as they have been passed down to us in esoteric circles. The tablet teaches the unity of matter and the basic truth that all form is a manifestation from one root, the One Thing or Ether.

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About the period of the first Crusades, alchemy shifted its center to Spain, where it had been introduced by the Arabian Moors. In the twelfth Century Artephius wrote The Art of Prolonging Human Life and is reported to have lived throughout a period of one thousand years.

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In England, the first known alchemist was Roger Bacon, who was a scholar of outstanding attainment. Born in Somersetshire in 1214, he made extraordinary progress even in his boyhood studies, and on reaching the required age joined the Franciscan Order. After graduating Oxford, he moved to Paris where he studied medicine and mathematics. On his return to England, he applied himself to the study of philosophy and languages with such success that he wrote grammars of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew tongues.

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The first man to teach the chemistry of the human body and to declare that the true purpose of alchemy was the preparation of medicine for the treatment of disease was one Jean Baptista Van Helmont, a disciple of Paracelsus. Van Helmont has been called the "Descartes of Medicine" for his probing philosophical discourses.

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It can and it has been done but turning lead into gold costs more than buying the gold alone. You see? Lead has 82 isotopes and gold has 79. So lead is 3 isotopes away to be converted into gold. But it cost less buying it as it comes from earth.

on a beautiful day in the 1300

That is currently unknowable, maybe in USA, Ojai, or Dubblin?

It is a form of computerized art. In the related links box below, I posted a website so you could visualize it.

alchemists One of the most famous/infamous alchemists/witches/warlcocks was Paracelsus, whose later adopted a really long name that ended with von Hohenhieim, with Hohenheim being the name of Edward and Alphonse Elric's father in the anime Full Metal Alchemist.

Alchemist were not really chemists but people who "randomly" mixed substances in the vein hope of turning them into the most perfect substance; gold or silver. ( Hence why gold was represented by a perfect circle, and silver by a crescent, as silver wasn't as "perfect" as gold.)

But they laid the the foundations of what we now call modern chemistry. But in terms of who actually changed the name its no so clear. But one of the the first people to use methods that vaguely resembled modern chemistry where the Muslim alchemists.

The vital force theory was a theory presented by Berzelius. The 1809 theory stated that organic compounds could not be synthesized in a laboratory. The German Scientist contradicted the theory, and prepared Urea through Ammonium Chloride and Potassium Cyanate so eventually is was discarded.

The secret to Immortality was discovered by Nicholas Flamel in the book written by Michael Scott. In this time most believe he really was immortal but nobody is sure for he was an Alchemist (which is actually a mix of chemistry, Botany, Medicine, Astronomy and Astrology).

The Nicholas Flamel in Harry Potter was immortal only because he had the Sorcerer's Stone which allowed him to make a potion that kept him (and his wife) immortal as long as they continued to take it. Destruction of the stone was one of the last things in the book.

He wasn't immortal because after Harry defeated Voldemort who tried to steal it, Dumbledore destroyed it, and then it is said that Nicholas Flamel and his wife were expecting to die soon. The secret to their immortality was simply the Sorcerer's Stone, and once it was gone they became 'mortal' again.

Yes, Nicholas Flamel was a real person and he actually has a tomb in St Jacques. I have seen it and the headstone of the grave that is kept in Paris.

In the world without chemistry as a field of science, Isaac Newton, World's was the most Famous Alchemist. For centuries some of the world's greatest geniuses struggled in secret to turn base metals into gold. In a sense they succeeded. In their restless quest, they unlocked some of nature's greatest secrets. Newton was not the only intellectual heavyweight from his era trying to make gold. The recipe for the Philosophers' Stone had come from his older contemporary, the famed British chemist Robert Boyle. As it turns out, Boyle was a devotee of alchemy too.

Why is phrenology considered a pseudoscience

The Book of Aquarius is currently being rewritten following the proper scientific method and will be released this year. In the related links box below, I posted a site you should see. All the information is there.

Nicholas Flamel is a character from folklore and mythology known for being an alchemist who supposedly discovered the Philosopher's Stone, capable of turning base metals into gold and granting immortality. While some stories depict him as a wizard, others portray him as an alchemist.

Alchemy as a practice is not a recognized academic field for obtaining a Ph.D. However, some universities may offer interdisciplinary programs that incorporate aspects of alchemy within fields like history, philosophy, or chemistry. It would be best to research specific programs to see if they align with your interests in alchemy.

Nicholas Flamel was born in 1330 and supposedly died in 1418.

Alchemy benefits the alchemist of course, and everyone he/she chooses to give their elixirs to. Alchemists know simple techniques to perfom on oridinary things like plants and minerals that produce powerful elixirs. Modern alchemists of today know even more about alchemy than the old alchemists, because we have the internet to share knowledge. There are many rare manuscripts that were published only once, and only a few copies were made, and those alchemists hundreds of years ago never dream the copies of their book could made to be millions of copies spread all over the world by something called the "internet".

As for just how simple alchemy can be, take for example the Melissa plant. Making a tincture from it by just soaking it in alcohol will give benefits to the person, but very little compared to what it can really do. The alchemist takes the plant and soaks it in the Liquor of Potash (which is simple potassium carbonate that has been allowed to absorbed water from the morning dew air to become a strongly alkaline liquid). The strong alkalinity breaks down the plant and releases it's "quintessence". Very pure alcohol (95% or better) is poured into the solution and shaken up. Since the potassium carbonate is a great absorber of water, but not soluble in alcohol, the water seperates from the alcohol, and 2 distinct layers are formed even though the alcohol is a polar solvent just like water and would normally not separate from it. The "quintessence" of the Melissa herb rises into the alcohol and after a few weeks, it's decanted off. It can be placed in the freezer to freeze out the potassium carbonate that may have gotten in with water, and it will also freeze out any alkaloids that came from the plant. The alcohol is left pure and clear, with a golden color. This is a very powerful rejuvinator of youth, so much in fact that after taking a few drops everyday for two weeks, your nails and hair and possibly even teeth will fall out painlessly, and new nails, hair, and teeth will grow back in their place. Your entire body will be renewed. When it was given to a rooster, all his feather fell out, then they grew back far more beautiful than they were before. When given to an old lady, she will begin to menstrate again.

So you see just how much alchemy can benifit a person?

Nicholas Flamel was a french public writer in Paris where he owned a bookshop and married his wife, Pernelle, in the year 1360 whereafter they both captured the imaginations of the public he is today known as an historical figure and also an embodiement of myth for being one of the greatest alchemists in which he was most famous for turning metal into the finest of gold. Many people believe he is still alive today, living with his wife, Pernelle, in Paris. He was the discoverer of Alchemy.

Alchemy has been practiced for at least 2500 years.

If you mean "was there a proto-science called alchemy, that later developed into the science of chemistry" ... then yes. If you mean "did people studying alchemy make some valid discoveries that improved our understanding of the physical world" ... also yes.

If you mean "do things like universal solvents and the philosopher's stone that lets you turn lead into gold exist" ... definitely not.