Athens

In ancient Greece, Sparta was more powerful. While Athens focused more on literature, Spartan children went to school to train for war. They went through multiple hard tests like stepping on needles and fighting each other.

what part did religion play in Athenian achievements during the golden age

what part did religion play in Athenian achievements during the golden age

I think the person who wrote the above has some mistakes. You just rewrote the questions.

Athens, Greece was one of the birthplaces of democracy. Athenian democracy was a direct democracy in which every citizen voted directly on issues of importance, rather than electing representatives to vote for them.

the lived very porrly the women didnt really have any rights the men had every right in Greece except slaves

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Men if they were not training in military, or discussing politics went to the Theatre for entertainment. To watch dramas that they could relate to, including tragedies and comedies. These often involved current politics and gods in some form. It is thought that women were not allowed to watch theatre or perform at the theatre, although male actors did play women roles.

Lives of Women in Ancient Greece were closely tied to domestic work, spinning, weaving and other domestic duties. They were not involved in public life or in politics. The live were normally quite confined to the house although one public duty was acting as a priestess at a temple.

Children in ancient Greece usually occupied their time playing with toys and games.

Almost all Greeks in ancient Greece held a shared belief in the same, extremely fascinating, religion.

There were 500 people in the Athenian democracy. Each year 500 citizens were chosen to participate in the Atheninan democracy.

Military training, having a serf population to support them while the Athenians had to farm and do military training in their spare time.

The jury was the arbitrtor - no judges or lawyrs - deciin both guilt and sentece. They comprised several hundred members, so their decision was efectvely an opnion poll of the whole Athenian population.

And in such a small area and population as was Athens, jurors knew just about everything of what was going on in the community, so both prosecutors and defendants had to keep their cases pretty clean to avoid alienating a wised-up jury.

The underlying problem was the jury composition - the members were mostly comprisd of the old men - they had the time to do jury service as they did not have to leave farm/trade/businss to serve, but wanted the fee for service. This was a mixed blessing - the wisdom and experience of age, but also the lower part of the population who wanted the money rather han a true cross-secton of the populatio to give true 'opinion poll' decisions.

In the mid 330s BC Athens was conquered by the Macedonians from north of Greece.

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At the battle of Marathon, Athens defeated a punitive expedition by Persia designed to bring Athens and Eretria under control after they interfered in a revolt by Greek cities in Asia Minor. As a result the Persians determined to bring all the Greek city-states under control to ensure peace within the Persian Empire and, after winning over some of the Greek city-states by diplomacy and bribers, they launched an invasion of mainland Greece to gain control of the remainder.

The Greek world comprised over 2,000 independent city-states, each of which had its own government. The governments varied - monarchies, tyrannies, oligarchies and democracies. Cities switched between the types as they found that the existing type failed.

Athens is an example - it started as a monarchy, aristocrats replaced the kings, tyrants were appointed to replace corrupt aristocrats, tyrants became unpopular and were replaced by a democracy, the democracy failed and was replaced by oligarchs.

Athens was a democracy and had more liberal (for that time) thinking and had good navy. Sparta was a oligarchy was more conservative and militaristic and had great army. In the war between them (Peloponnesian war), Sparta won.

There were not 36 wars between Athens and Sparta.

A resident alien, not a citizen but part of society.

The Delian League was formed under Athenian leadership to keep the city-states of Asia Minor and the Islands free of Persian rule. When peace was made with Persia, Athens kept the League going and collected the war funds each year, by force if necessary. Athens moved the treasury from Delos to Athens and happily spent them on beautifying the city, putting half its own citizens on the public payroll, and kept a strong fleet going to collect the funds from the cities.

Pericles, a leader of Athens, admitted that Athens had converted the league to protect against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own.

what role does the character play in his suffering

In Sparta boys were in the military from the age of 7. Spartan girls stayed home with their mothers but took part in sports to become strong for when they have their own children.

They weren't in the 'military'. They were put into something called the 'agoge' which was military-style education. They lived in barracks and their education was focused on teaching them how to be strong and brave and loyal to Sparta. They didn't focus on literacy or reading but were taught songs about war and winning.

At the age of twelve they were only given one cloak and barely any food but were permitted to steal as long as they weren't caught (being caught would mean a severe punishment). This was to ensure that they were able to cope with the conditions that could occur when they went to war. They also had a 'mentor' which would be someone from the gerousia (the elders who were seen to be the wisest Spartans, you were lucky to reach sixty in ancient Sparta) who would punish, reward and tutor accordingly.

When they turned eighteen they were sent into the wilderness for a year with only a dagger; where they would kill helots (the slaves, normally prisoners of war) and have to survive in extreme cold and heat with only the food they could find.

After this they would enter the military but wouldn't become a Spartan citizen until they reached the age of 30.

Spartan girls were trained with the boys until the boys went into the agoge. They were taught to be strong and brave too, during the joint education of boys and girls they could taunt boys for being weak and praise them when they did well to inspire the boys. They also had to walk naked in processions which would encourage equality and stop them being embarrassed (a thing of weakness) and apparently showed them to be prospective wives! (bachelors weren't allowed).

After the boys went into the agoge the women continued their physical training for the rest of their lives as it would prepare them for pregnancy and childbirth and they thought it'd encourage good genetics and also, when the men were at war it would be the women who were left to defend the state.

Athens , a sea power ,sought to exploit her neighbors commercially through the dominance of her navy to the detriment of Sparta , a land based power , and other city-states . This led to many wars.

The word "democracy" combines the elements demos (which means "people") and kratos ("force, power"). Kratos is an unexpectedly brutish word. In the words "monarchy" and "oligarchy", the second element arche means rule, leading, or being first. It is possible that the term "democracy" was coined by its detractors who rejected the possibility of, so to speak, a valid "demarchy". Whatever its original tone, the term was adopted wholeheartedly by Athenian democrats.

The word is attested in Herodotus, who wrote some of the earliest Greek prose to survive, but even this may not have been before 440 or 430 BC. It is not at all certain that the word goes back to the beginning of the democracy, but from around 460 BC at any rate an individual is known whose parents had decided to name him 'Democrates', a name which may have been manufactured as a gesture of democratic loyalty; the name can also be found in Aeolian Temnus, not a particularly democratic state.

The Athenian democracy (sometimes called classical democracy) was the democratic system developed in the Greek city-state of Athens (comprising the central city-state of Athens and its surrounding territory Attica). Athens was one of the very first known democracies and probably the most important in ancient times. Other Greek cities set up democracies, most but not all following an Athenian model, but none were as powerful or as stable (or as well-documented) as that of Athens. It remains a unique and intriguing experiment in direct democracy where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right. Participation was by no means open to all inhabitants of Attica, but the in-group of participants was constituted with no reference to economic class and they participated on a scale that was truly phenomenal. Never before had so many people spent so much of their time in governing themselves.

Solon (594 BC), Cleisthenes (508 BC), and Ephialtes of Athens (462 BC) all contributed to the development of Athenian democracy. Historians differ on which of them was responsible for which institutions, and which of them most represented a truly democratic movement. It is most usual to date Athenian democracy from Cleisthenes, since Solon's constitution broke down and was replaced by the tyrant Peisistratus, whereas Ephialtes revised Cleisthenes' constitution relatively peacefully. The end of the Pisistratid tyranny was later attributed to the assassination of Hipparchus, the brother of the tyrant Hippias, by Harmodius and Aristogeiton, honored in later years by the Athenians for their alleged restoration of Athenian freedom. The assassination took place four years before the revolution; although the increased severity of the tyranny may have destabilized it. They were particularly popular with the aristocratic opponents of democracy.

The greatest and longest-lasting democratic leader was Pericles; after his death, Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolution towards the end of the Peloponnesian War. It was modified somewhat after it was restored under Eucleides; the most detailed accounts are of this fourth-century modification rather than the Periclean system. It was suppressed by the Macedonians in 322 BC. The Athenian institutions were later revived, but the extent to which they were a real democracy is debatable.

Another interesting insight into Athenian democracy comes from the law that excluded from decisions of war those citizens who had property close to the city walls - on the basis that they had a personal interest in the outcome of such debates because the practice of an invading army was at the time to destroy the land outside the walls. A good example of the contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics can be found in the modern word 'idiot', which finds its origins in the ancient Greek word ἰδιώτης (idiōtēs), meaning a private person, a person who is not actively interested in politics; such characters were talked about with contempt and the word eventually acquired its modern meaning. In his Funeral Oration, Pericles states: 'it is only we who regard the one not participating in these duties not as unambitious but as useless.'

In short the answer to your question: 6th Century BC. (the 500's). :]

There were two major festivals of Dionysus that included theater: the tragic festival in the spring near the equinox, and the comic festival in the winter near the solstice.

The Greeks were not under Pericles. The Greek world comprised hundreds of independent city-states with different forms of government. Pericles became First Citizen of the city-state of Athens. Pericles consolidated direct democracy in Athens, that is all the citizens of whatever property class were able to attend the meetings of the Assembly held a couple of times a month to vote on laws and policy decisions (as opposed to representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives to a parliament which enacts laws). Also, persons for public office were selected by lot, which meant that any citizen could hold the highest offices in the state (appointment of generals was excluded from this - the people weren't that suicidal, they wanted real talent there). In addition, the judges at trials were large juries (typically 400, but up to 2,000), also chosen by lot. In addition Pericles made sure of his popularity be putting nearly a third of the citizenry on the public payroll, so that they would share in the prosperity of the state (this prosperity came to a large degree by hi-jacking the funds of the Anti-Persian league which Athens led and collected the funds for, and held on the Parthenon). Athens encouraged the allied and subject cities in the Anti-Persian league (read Athenian empire in its later stages) to adopt radical democracy as had Athens.

Sicily.

Map of Greece.

The spread of Greek culture.