Candy

Chris Stelzl invented them as a Jr. High School project in 1976. He was a fan of Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and M&M's as a child. So he created his two favorites into one. He created a drawing showing the idea with a letter and sent it to both Mars and Hershey's. Although he never received a response from either company, Hershey's came out with the product in1978 and then it was used in the movie E.T. the rest id history.

Read more: Who_invented_the_Reese's_Pieces_candy

The most famous candy today made by the Mars candy company M&Ms they were good because the chocolate did not melt .

The Logan bar

While It seems every one wants to say M&Ms I could not verify this anywhere. These are the candies that I have found proper citations for.

Field Ration D

An emergency ration, proposed for the cavalry in 1932, is generally considered the direct forerunner of Field Ration D. The item then suggested was a 12-ounce bar of equal parts of bitter chocolate, sugar, and peanut butter. Although palatable, the experimental bar had poor keeping qualities, was thirst-provoking, and had poor acceptance. While it did not progress beyond the experimental stage, it did provide groundwork for experiments on -a concentrated ration which were initiated by the Subsistence School in 1935.

Originally, the 1935 development was called the Logan bar in recognition of Col. Paul Logan, then head of the Subsistence School. The Logan bar was designed to provide the highest possible caloric value in the smallest package and yet retain sufficient palatability to be used daily. Its ingredients were chocolate, sugar, oat flour, cacao fat, skim milk powder, and artificial flavoring. Three 4-ounce bars-wrapped in aluminum foil, then over wrapped and sealed in parchment paper-constituted a ration. Despite the requirement that it qualify for continued daily use, the Logan bar was never considered by its developers for other than emergency or stopgap purposes. It was procured on an experimental basis in 1937 and was submitted for field trials during the ensuing year. Although judged by the tests to be satisfactory only as an emergency ration, the bar was proposed for "standardization" in 1939 in the dual capacity of both a "reserve" and an "emergency" ration. The spirited discussion of the conflicting concept of the new ration implied in this dual designation had the happy result of bringing about a revision of the Army regulation covering rations and of identifying the bar as Field Ration D, the official emergency ration.25

By June of 1940, a tentative specification had been written and the Army was in position to inaugurate large-scale procurement of D bars. Trial production brought refinements to the method of manufacture but wrought no basic change in original structure and composition. Full-scale production was initiated in 1941 and monthly output swelled from 200,000 in September 1941 to ten million a year later.

Tootsie Roll Pops are known for the catch phrase "How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?" The phrase was first introduced in an animated commercial which debuted on U.S. television in 1970.

No one knows. For the owl in the original commercial, it took three licks and then he bit into it. The whole point is that no one will ever know because you can't resist the great temptation of biting the candy shell to get to the center of a tootsie pop!

Additional Input from Contributors:

• This is one of the more profound questions ever posed to humankind and animal alike. To test this hypothesis correctly, you must stop counting the moment that the 'center' (the tootsie roll blob at the core of the pop) becomes exposed. That should be considered 'reaching the center'.
• It depends on a variety of factors such as the size of your mouth, the amount of saliva, etc. Basically, the world may never know. According to the producers of Tootsie Poops the consensus seems to be between 600-800 licks
• One...two...three... three.
• I got a bag of tootsie roll pops once that seemed to be mis-manufactured, and the tootsie roll center was peeking out of the candy on almost all of them... so for that bag, the answer was one. If you wanted to get right to the center... there it was already. So it also depends on the pops you have.
• Scientifically: What you have to do is measure the amount of saliva you produce per lick, measure the volume of the Tootsie Pop, find the amount each lick your saliva takes away from the pop, and divide that much by the total volume of the Tootsie Pop.
• From Tootsie Roll Inc.: "We've been asking the question since 1970. Many have tried to lick their way to the center of the Tootsie Pop, and many have failed for they couldn't help but bite into it. But for those proud few who do make it to the center, and manage to keep count of how many licks it takes, we hold a special place in our hearts."
• I spent three hours counting with my friend we got 765, 902, 730, and 877. So on average about 800.
• When asking this matter to theexpert on Tootsie pops, Chuck Norris, he explained to me that if you roundhouse kick the tootsie properly it will lick itself, so zero licks!
• In an experiment by Miah and Dr. Shin, it was proposed that it takes, on average, 413 licks to get to the center (see links below)
• There are many factors that would go into how many licks it takes such as:

1. acidity of saliva
2. coarseness of the tongue
3. how much amylase (enzymes) you have in your mouth

• Depends on how you lick it, below are some results

  Large licks:423

  Small licks:752

There are several factors, needless to say, even if it's the same person counting, the # of licks will differ at each attempt. If you wanted to look at it semi-scientifically, the number of licks needed depend on these factors:

* Pressure per square inch the tongue is applied to the surface of the tootsie pop (TP)

* The average amount of square inch in contact between tongue and TP

* At what measurement from the center of the stick of the TP at which you declare that you have reached the center of the TP.

* The rotation factor of the TP - if the eater continues to lick one specific portion only to reach the center faster - or if licks are distributed evenly around the outer surface area of TP.

And to a lesser extent:

* Ambient temperature

* Use of teeth / or lack of teeth of eater

* Hunger of TP eater

* Boredom of TP eater

* Age of TP

• Lost count of licks
• Ran out of time
• Amount of saliva in the mouth
• The lollipop expired
• The temptation was to great and you bite down and took a bite
• Tongue size

1, 2, 3, CRUNCH!

The world may never know…