Circulatory System

Yes it does have a buoyancy system.

The coelacanth (Latimeria spp.) is completely oil-filled (it has no air sinuses at all) and the swim bladder is filled with a fatty lipid. The oil is slightly positively buoyant and this counteracts the weight of the fish. These two factors enable the fish to rise and descend through a considerable depth range without suffering any adverse effects.

The human body has four major valves in the heart: the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. These valves regulate blood flow through the heart's chambers and into the major arteries. Additionally, the body has numerous other smaller valves, particularly in the veins, but the four heart valves are the primary ones referred to in this context.

The RAAS system involves several organs. When there is a loss of blood or loss of fluid and blood pressure falls, the liver produces angiotensinogen. The kidney produces renin which acts as an enzyme to change angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.

The kidneys along with the lungs produce a enzyme called ACE which changes angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which acts on the vascular system to increase blood pressure. It also acts on the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland produces ADH. ADH means antidiuretic hormone. It causes the kidneys to "hold onto" water. The kidney produces aldosterone as a result, causing the body to conserve sodium.

To learn this material is very helpful to produce a diagram.

As it turns out, it is difficult to give a simple answer to this as both are extremely complicated. However, one way to think of it is that you can't have one without the other, and expect to survive. The nervous system of course needs nutrients to be brought to it and waste molecules to be taken away, this is accomplished by the circulatory system. Interestingly enough, the circulatory system is heavily innervated by the nervous system. Signals from various parts of the nervous system do things like change the heart rate, either faster or slower, change the constriction or dilation of the blood vessels, which alters the rate of flow for the circulatory system, and uses the circulatory system to dissipate heat if the body and the brain senses that it is too warm.

The circulatory system carries O2 & nutrients to most parts of the body & removes waste products. The center of this system is the heart. The heart rate is controlled by signals from the nervous system (if you want more specificity, Wikipedia will oblige). If the flight or fight response is in effect, or under athletic duress, the heart is recieving signals to pump quickly; under conditions of rest, the heart rate is modulated to a lower, energy conserving, resting state. (Ditto for the rate of respiration)

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yes vains are blue

A fenestrated dressing has a "window" in it, an opening that lets it fit around a tube.

There are 4 valves in your heart (2 atrioventricular and 2 semilunar). There is an AV valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle (Right AV valve or tricuspid valve) and an AV valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle (Left AV valve or bicuspid valve). There are also two semilunar valves; one between the right ventricle and the lungs (pulmonary semilunar valve) and one between the left ventricle and the aorta (aortic semilunar valve).

The main purpose of the valves is to prevent backflow of blood in the heart. There are things called the chordae tendinae and papillary muscle that help control the opening and closing of the valves as blood flows through them.

There are also valves in the veins. These keep the blood from flowing backwards as the blood pressure is very low.

no

the aorta and the aortic valve. :D

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When a person's hand is cold and the other is hot, this could mean many things. It might mean there is poor circulation through the cold one, or that they were laying on the one that is warm.

It moves around within the Paramecium cell, distributing food, nutrients, and other needed materials to different parts of the cell.

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Torso.

No. Most (~70%) of ventricular filling occurs passively, without atrial contraction.

The brain, the eyes, hearing, internal organs, skin, nearly everything in the body can be negatively affected by long term bouts of high blood pressure.

no, it's a brownish pink, and does not look like normal period blood.

cardiac muscles

A good and simple analogy for the circulatory system is a system of roads and towns.

The main blood vessels are the motorways; the capillaries can be compared to rural country lanes. The blood cells can be compared to vehicles: red blood cells to trucks and lorries (carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide), white blood cells are best compared to police cars (protecting us from harm!). Towns, cities, villages and buildings which are passed by the vehicles represent the body cells and organs that our red blood cells unload their oxygen or CO2.

This isn't a foolproof analogy, but it is a decent attempt at relating in layman's terms the function of the circulatory system.

the routine measurements that could be taken to monitor the functioning of asthma is peak flow measurement.

Blood is forced into the ventricles each time the atria contact.

*do you go to Smith Language Academy because we had the same question on our extra-credit. :-)

When muscles are used for exercise, they must be replenished with oxygen, nutrients, etc. They also produce waste products that need to be taken away from the cells. Blood is the transport system for all of these things, so the harder your muscles are worked, the quicker they burn through nutrients and produce waste, meaning that the blood must flow faster to provide all of this; the only way for blood to flow faster is for your heart to beat faster.

Resting muscle gets about 750 ml of blood out of your 5 liters of cardiac out put. During exercise the cardiac output may go up to 25 liters per minute. Out of these 25 liters of cardiac out put, your muscles get about 20 liters of blood to meet the metabolic requirements of oxygen and food material. The stroke volume of heart increases but then heart rate also increases from 72 per minute to up to 180 beats per minute.

Yes, but if you increase the speed of your breathing too much you can hyperventilate and / or pass out.