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Computer Programming
A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.
10,506 Questions
What are necessary condition for programming language to be considered as high level language?
It mustn't be Assembly (or machine code).
Unlike low-level languages, high-level programming languages may use natural language elements (easy syntax), be more user-friendly, have simple keywords, and other concepts that deem it easier to utilize than low-level languages.
Why will you prefer low level language to a high level language?
A high level language naturally assumes the intentions of the programmer and thus blocks off many otherwise possible methods. For those that prefer to have a high level of control, a low level language is the obvious choice.
The level of the language is inversely proportionate to the degree of control the programmer has. ie. low level language = high level of control, and vice versa.
Major advantage in cpp compared to c?
The major advantage of C++ over C is the Object Oriented Programming compatibility in C++.
What is the role of expert systems and artificial intelligence for decision support functions?
Different tasks in engineering problem solving require different computation tools. Artificial intelligence techniques, as a tool, provide the capability to the program to solve complex problems by extracting ideas from data of a knowledge-base usually a database using a domain oriented set of rules in a manner that a human brain archives decision-making process to come up with a comprehensible solution. Expert systems are profession specialized programs. They are artificial intelligent systems but are inclined to only one area of professionalism. Artificial intelligence unlike conventional programs which concentrate on what data to analyze to come up with a solution, they concentrate on how an expert makes choices when faced with a professional challenge and why he/she makes such choices. These abilities are only provided by Artificial intelligence techniques and this is a role they play in decision support functions. Hope you find the answer enlighting. (Jones Kafwilo [jkafwilo@yahoo.com])
Can a hacked Pokemon corrupt your game?
yepp it sure can
I just got a shiny latias lvl 100 on the GTS and gave it EV resetting berries to check if it's hacked then without saving I turned off the game. When I turned it back on, the previous file got corrupted so it reverted to an older file. Not all hacked Pokemon corrupt files, some are more dangerous than others and some are harmless. The one I got was minor.What does the ROW function do in Excel?
It gives you the row part of a cell reference.
=ROW(D3)
This will give the value 3, as that is the row part of the cell reference.
Define algorithm and what are its properties and what are its advantages?
Algoritham
1, a step-by-step method of solving a problem or making decisions, as in making a diagnosis.
2. an established mechanical procedure for solving certain mathematical problems.
Properities of the algorithm
) Finiteness: - an algorithm terminates after a finite numbers of steps.
2) Definiteness: - each step in algorithm is unambiguous. This means that the action specified by the step cannot be interpreted (explain the meaning of) in multiple ways & can be performed without any confusion.
3) Input:- an algorithm accepts zero or more inputs
4) Output:- it produces at least one output.
5) Effectiveness:- it consists of basic instructions that are realizable. This means that the instructions can be performed by using the given inputs in a finite amount of time.
Advantage-The term algorithm is now applied to many kinds of problem solving that employ a mechanical sequence of steps, as in setting up a computer program. The sequence may be displayed in the form of a flowchart in order to make it easier to follow.
In computational devices with a built-in microcomputer logic, this logic is a form of algorithm. As computers increase in complexity, more and more software algorithms are taking the form of what is called hard software. That is, they are increasingly becoming part of the basic circuitry of computers or are easily attached adjuncts, as well as standing alone in special devices such as payroll machines. Many different applications algorithms are now available, and highly advanced systems such as artificial intelligence algorithms may become common in the future.
Dries is the founder and co-member of Drupal. He is passionate about the web, open source and photography. He is the original creator and project lead of Drupal, an open source social publishing system. He is co-founder and chief technology officer of Acquia, a venture-backed software company that offers products and services for Drupal. Dries is also working on Mollom, a service that helps you identify content quality and that stops website spam. People often laugh at his hair but he is cool with that.
Find out more about Dries on related links section.What is the three important steps in mail merge?
performing a mail merge involve three basic step.
1) creating a main document.
2) creating a data source.
3) merging the data source and main document
What is the programming language DBCC used for?
DBCC stands for Database Console Commands. DBCC is part of the Transact-SQL programming language and is used to troubleshoot and maintain Microsoft SQL servers.
Let us suppose we have a function that accepts two arguments and returns the product of those arguments:
int x = product (6, 7);
Here we would expect x to hold the value 6x7=42. In order for this function to work we must define it as follows:
int product (int a, int b) { return a*b; }
Clearly this is the most intuitive way to define this function. It is also the most flexible because it allows us to do the following:
x = product (x, x);
Here the value of x will be 1764 if the original value of x was 42.
Note that the value of x is not changed by this function, it is changed by the assignment operator (=). As far as the function is concerned x does not actually exist because the arguments were passed by value and those values (42 and 42) were assigned to its formal arguments, a and b.
If we were to use an output parameter rather than a return value, the function becomes less intuitive. We could use one of the input arguments as the output parameter, however this makes it even less intuitive. Instead, we'll use a separate argument:
void product (int a, int b, int* result) { *result=a*b; }
The problem with this is that we might pass a null pointer:
int* z = NULL;
product (6, 7, z); // error!
The function takes no account of this possibility and the end result will be undefined behaviour. We can obviously fix this with a simple test for null before we attempt to dereference the pointer:
The problem with this is that we are now performing a conditional branch every time we invoke this function even though the exception should really be a rare occurrence. Unfortunately there is no way to optimise this function, but the reason we have this branch is entirely due to a poor design choice.
If we need to return a single value, then it makes sense to use the return value itself. It is clearly more intuitive and it lets the caller decide exactly what they want to do with the return value.
Flow chart prin all perfect number between 1100?
it's codes in c# console Apllication is :
int a, m, sum;
sum = 0;
for (a = 1; a <= 1000; a++)
{
m = 1;
while (m <= a)
{
if (a % m sum)
Console.WriteLine(a.ToString());
sum = 0;
}
Console.ReadLine();
An algorithm is the soul of a computer program. A code without an algorithm is like a missile without a radar. Like a body without a soul
cheers
olga lednichenko
Can assemblers be used in any operating system?
An assembler must be specifically written to accommodate both the operating system, as well as the underlying CPU architecture.
A bit size is one. It can be either a 0 or 1. Eight bits together is called a byte.
Four bits (half of a byte) is called a nibble.
range
Random access memory (RAM) is the machine's working memory. All programs and data must be loaded into RAM in order for the central processing unit (CPU) to execute those programs.
In C++ there is no such thing as a parameter, there are only arguments, both actual and formal. Some languages use the term parameter to mean a formal argument and argument to mean an actual argument, while others reverse the meanings completely. Some languages make no distinction at all and use the terms parameter and argument interchangeably. However, C++ is quite clear on this: actual arguments are the names that you pass to a function, while formal arguments are the names received by the function. Even so, you will still encounter incorrect usage of the terms parameter and arguments, even by C++ experts (myself included!)
The following example code demonstrates the difference between an actual argument and a formal argument, as the terms apply in C++:
int foo(int formal)
{
return(formal*2);
}
void bar(int& formal)
{
formal*=2;
}
int main()
{
int actual=1;
actual = foo(actual);
bar(actual);
return(0);
}
The function foo() declares a formal argument by value while bar() declares a formal argument by reference. In main() we declare a variable with the name actual and pass this actual argument to both functions in turn.
When we pass actual to foo(), the value of actual is assigned to formal. Since formal is a copy of actual, they are separate names with separate values (initially they will have the same value of course). Thus any changes made to formal will have no effect on actual, hence we must assign the return value from foo() to actual in main(), in order to record the change made by foo().
When we pass actual to bar(), a reference to actual is assigned to formal. A reference is simply an alternate name for the same argument, however the name actual is not visible to bar(), so they are still separate names, but they always have the same value. Thus any changes to formal will affect actual, thus there is no need to assign any return value to record the change.
How do you say ho ho ho in binary?
01101000 01101111 0100000 01101000 01101111 0100000 01101000 01101111
Where the testing is done by the domain expert without the knowledge OS current System Requirement Specifications is know as adoch testing
When would you use system file checker?
To verify that the system is using correct versions of all protected system files, either as a preventative maintenance measure or when he or she suspects that the system files have become corrupted or deleted. SFC is used to check and see if there are any corrupt system files. It will check these files and replace them if needed. It will also check for errors with Internet Explorer so if you are having any Internet Explorer problems then it may be a good tool to use as well.
