Computer Programming

To improve the best case, all we have to do it to be able to

solve one instance of each size efficiently. We could modify

our algorithm to first test whether the input is the special

instance we know how to solve, and then output the canned

answer.

E.g. For sorting, we can check if the values are already ordered,

and if so output them.

instruction set

The most basic difference is that the statements in a low level language can be directly mapped to processor instructions, while a single statement in a high level language may execute dozens of instructions.

Low level refers to the fact that this is a machine language, binary in form, generally meaning one low level command = one executed instruction.

The complexity arises when we need to enable a programmer to designate one high level instruction that performs several or many machine (low level) operations.

Low Level Languages: Assembler and Advanced Assembler - see Compiler Languages.

High Level Languages: RPG, COBOL, any that make machine level programming of a computer easier.

I believe it has something to do with the articulatory aspect (as opposed to other's acoustic and perceptual classifications).

> No, it is not. This is a hierarchy of formal grammars that rule the production of (human, computer, nature, etc.) "assertions". This approach is focused on a generative view of the meaningful sentences: each one of those could be generated by rules defined by a grammar, or syntactical rules. The classification is ordered by levels of expressiveness and complexity. See the related link on Wikipedia for further information.

It protects your sensitive electronic equipment from brownouts and over-voltages. Uncorrected voltage fluctuations gradually degrade the life of electronic components, potentially causing premature failure. An AVR not only adjusts voltages to safe levels, but also provides surge protection against electrical surges and spikes and lightning.

different languages has different purposes some are low level and some are high level e.g assembly language that is low level(not as a whole) works with machine but java didn't that's why we need other programming languages

Polymorphism, is an object-oriented programming concept, which relates to the ability to create a variable, function or an object that has more than one form. This allows the object to invoke the correct instance of the variable, function or other object based upon the object type. The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.

Here are some links to examples:

C++: http://www.cplusplus.com/forum/beginner/10884/

c#: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173152.aspx

Python: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_in_object-oriented_programming

Java: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_polymorphism.htm

Yes, an object-oriented approach can be used to develop any system, however, not every problem is best solved with an object oriented approach. There is no value in forcefully fitting one architectural paradigm (e.g. the object-oriented model) onto any problem just because this can be done; a good architect will chose the best tool for a given problem, considering the nature of the problem as well as its constraints.

The same as in other programming languages. A place to store a value. A variable may be of different types, including logical, string, numeric, or date.

Here is an example that uses a variable:

x = 5

? "The square root of", x, " is ", sqrt(x).

In FoxPro, it isn't necessary to declare variables. It is safer, though, in order to avoid conflicts between different modules, to declare the variable (usually with the LOCAL keyword if you use Visual FoxPro, or PRIVATE if you use the old FoxPro 1.x or 2.x).

All variables are of a type which in some languages is called "variant", that is, the type can change at runtime.

Hi, A class means collection of methods/functions. Method/function accepts parameters, process set of codes which you have written in the module/function and returns the output to the caller. Collection of class is called Class Library. When you complie the Class Library it becomes a DLL. Hope this helps

Machine languages are composed of instructions intended to be read directly by the microprocessor (the computer's CPU). The manufacturer of the CPU determines it's "INSTRUCTION SET"

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE on the other hand IS NOT machine dependent. The same commands ADD, Divide, Move, etc are universal. HOWEVER the ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE has to have an INTERPRETER for EACH CPU, and that will translate the Universal ASSEMBLY language to the MACHINE SPECIFIC code required to program the CPU.

You need at least two numbers. Example: 30 and 42. Factor them.

2 x 3 x 5 = 30

2 x 3 x 7 = 42

The LCM is the combination of factors, eliminating duplicates.

2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 210, the LCM

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <string.h>

void main()

{

char str[10],temp;

int i,len;

printf("Enter String : ");

scanf("%s",str);

len=strlen(str)-1;

for(i=0;i<strlen(str)/2;i++)

{

temp=str[i];

str[i]=str[len];

str[len--]=temp;

}

printf("%s",str);

getch();

}

Please do give your views on this.

With Regards,

Sumit Ranjan.

Analyst at RMSI Company.

program counter is a register that has the address of next instruction that has to be executed after currently executing instruction. it is used for proper execution of functions of computer by providing address of next instruction to microprocessor.

Open source refers to code that is distributed outside of the manufacturer's company. Microsoft does not allow the code the programmers write for their programs outside of their company, so their code is proprietary, closed source.

OpenOffice allows their code to be used by others. The reason for this is so that others can make improvements and customized enhancements.

Open source is almost always free, where proprietary software has to be paid for, and is sometimes quite expensive.

Answer POSIX threads are fairly portable. They can be emulated on uniprocessor systems at a slight (or sometimes no) penalty in speed. On shared memory multiprocessor machines, there is often kernel support for threads; this means that your application can take full advantage of all available CPUs and achieve (near) maximum performance. It is important to point out that threads libraries are predicated on shared memory. Threads won't help you on distributed memory machines Preeti

Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all digital computers. Computer's industrial processes are constructed of digital circuits.

The main advantage is that it gives the programmer the opportunity to examine the resultant assembly and manually optimise the code. A mature compiler can often produce high quality machine code, however there are still some rare but non-trivial cases where manual intervention is required to achieve optimal performance.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int n,i,j,temp,a[50];

printf("Enter how many elements=");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter %d elements",n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

{

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

}

for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)

{

for(j=1;j<=n-1;j++)

{

if(a[j]>a[j+1])

{

temp=a[j];

a[j]=a[j+1];

a[j+1]=temp;

}

}

}

printf("\nSorted Array:\n");

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

{

printf("\n%d",a[i]);

}

getch();

}