Electronics Engineering

Yes.it is an active transducer.

Characteristic impedance (Z0) is defined as E/H ratio of {E,H} field.

It depends on dielectric permettivity (epsilon), magnetic permettivity (mu) and geometry of region in which {E,H} propagates.

For free space, it's easy to believe that geometry coefficient is 1 and in the end, you get

-> Z0= square root (mu 0 / epsilon 0) = 120 pi,

where subscript 0 means mu and epsilon referred to free space and pi=3.14...

If you want to demonstrate that, you have to solve Maxwell's equation, imposing the condition of uniform plane wave travelling into free space, so you'll get an Helmholtz equation for Coulomb electric potential phi (you have to apply Lorentz's gauge condition and you'll get laplacian(phi) + k^2 phi = 0, where k=2*pi*frequency/c0 is called wave number). You solve this equation and put it into the equation linking magnetic potential vector (A) and phi. At this point, you can solve Maxwell equations and get E,H values and modulus ratio (Z0).

No. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. Basically, it is a transistor formed by semiconductor bar to which an electrode (gate) attaches. This gate is isolated from the bar. A voltage on the the gate will create an electrostatic field that will prevent the current to circulate along the semiconductor bar.

CMOS transistors are mostly used for digital (binary) application and consume very little current.

The principle of operation of a noise jammers works on the basis of learn and replicate. the jammer is in most cases associated with a frequency scanner system which identifies the operating frequencies in audio or Rf ranges. based on the detected type of transmission, the jammer emits signals which are similar in characteristics to the noted signal, thus the receiver of radio or Radar whichever is to be noise jammed is now looking at two signals , one from the original source and the other from the jammer. this in turm complicated the listening process and JAMMS its ability to discern the true signal from the false one. Another way of jamming is to forget about first listening and then jamming, all that needs to be done is to identify the frequency band which is to be jammed and direct significant amount of power/ noise form the jammer in that band. this will debilitate the reception of all channels operating in the jammed frequency range and prevent the receiver from receiving the intended signal.

A capacitor is simply two conductors in close proximity to each other, but not touching. This allows a charge to build up between them. It is entirely possible to build a small capacitor with a double sided printed circuit board. The area of the plates would be semi adjustable, in that you could cut out what you don't want.

You can estimate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with the equation...

C = er e0 S / d

... where C is capacitance in farads, er is permittivity (also called dielectric constant), e0 is the electric constant, about 8.854 x 10-12 F m-1, S is area of overlap, and d is the distance between the plates. You would need to either know or measure the dielectric constant of the circuit board - for a vacuum, p is 1 - one way to measure is to build a test capacitor and measure its capacitance in a test circuit - perhaps an oscillator - and understand that (within limits) capacitance is proportional to the area of overlap and inversely proportional to the distance between the plates.

For more information, please see the Related Link below.

An architecture which is reconfigurable at run time. Its working is based on byte.

A: That is a safety feature. Insure that the door is shut before elevation changes can be made. A person can be cut in half if standing on a door as elevator change elevation

Power is current times voltage, so a current of 0.5 amperes and a voltage of 220v across a bulb will yield a power of 110 watts.

There are many uses for amplifiers. Some try to achieve extremely high gain such as in a radio receiver. Many try to achieve no overall gain. Examples include mixers and filters. Some only try to achieve limited gain. Oscillators try to achieve zero gain at most frequencies but unity to very high gain at the frequency of oscillation depending on the output wave form required.

Basically - everything in electronics is an amplifier.

The absolute gain of am amplifier is the ratio of output signal to input signal. For voltage or current amplifiers this is usually expressed as field decibels which is 20 log (out/in). For power amplifiers the gain in decibels is 10 log (output power/input power).

If the gain is less than one, the same rules apply but the decibels will turn out to be a negative quantity.

In a series circuit, resistances can be added directly whereas if they were wired in paralell you would add their inductances denoted by G instead of R and then take the reciprocal 1/Gtotal to find equivalent resistance. G = 1/R.

Series Ex.

23 ohms + 5 ohms = 28 ohms. and due to Ohms law V (volts) = I (amps) * R (ohms)

so I = V/R = 44/28 = 1.57 amps

Paralell ex.

Rtotal = 1/((1/23)+(1/5)) = 1/(.0435+.2) = 1/.2435 =4.1 ohms

therefore=> I = V/R = 44/4.1 = 10.7 amps.

Note this is the total current drawn from the power supply. In reality each resistor draws its portion of current where the lower resistance draws higher current and vice versa.

1st of ol as it is given that it is modulo 16

therefore M=16

N= no of f/f

M=2^N

M=2^4

there for we require 4 no of j-k f/f

connect them serially

make the counter table from 0-15 as it is up counter.

and then draw connection dig

A parallel circuit will not effect the other bulb. If the bulbs are in a series circuit the other bulb will not turn on.

The voltage is gained by multiplying the current and resistance together, i.e.. 50 x 500 = 25000

Imagine the three as a triangle with the voltage at the top, and the current and resistance at the bottom-

V

.

----

.

I x R

The voltage divided by the current is the resistance and the voltage divided by the resistance is the current. Therefore the current times the resistance is equal to the voltage. Having any two of these figures allows you to find the third.

LED technology, such as the little red LEDs used to display numbers in calculators 30-40 years ago, have been around since the 1960s but LED lighting as a replacement for the original, inexpensive, reliable (and admittedly less efficient) incandescent bulb has been around since only about 2008. The biggest problem with LED lighting is that they can produce only a narrow range of frequencies of light and, thus, need to be modified by one means or another to produce white or more natural light. This can be accomplished by combining LEDs emitting red, green, and blue in very close proximity to each other (such as a pixel operates on a modern computer monitor or TV screen) to simulate white light or by use of a phosphor coating within the bulb to absorb certain colors and emit light that is at a more desired wavelength.

The master is a more precise frequency source which other less precise oscillators in a system can synchronize with.

Modern terminology replaces Master/Slave with Primary/Secondary, same function.

P/S relationships are most visible in today's radio clocks which sync with WWV time standard by radio signals when they can, but can maintain acceptable accuracy, usually during the day when there is no skywave activity.

In the LORAN system there is a similar P/S relationship where all the secondaries sync their oscillators with Primary, and can run with acceptable accuracy when they lose Primary for short periods of time.

Likewise GPS recievers have oscillators which sync with the satelites which sync with ground stations.

HL is a register pair that is used to store 16-bit data in 8085 Microprocessor

Not sure about specifically for a 1971 307, but normally the choke has 2 wires. One is ground and the other goes to a fused 12V source (supplies 12V when igition key is turned on)

An Embedded Architecture is a board that is implemented as the embedded system when programmed an embedded architecture is also a target board on which a uProcessor is plugged

The speed of an induction motor depend on the frequency of the supply voltage 60Hz in the USA and 50Hz in most other country's and the speed can only be controlled by varying the frequency, the way to do it is to rectify the AC to DC and convert it back to AC but with another frequency. I'm planing to post a project on my website soon, so look out for it at http://www.patenttrade.net

The difference is resolution. at Normal TV has a resolution of 480.

a PC monitor can go way higher than 480. Probably around 1440 or more.

But that's the difference. A higher Pixel count. Probably a different Refresh rate too.

Technically, a television has tuners; a monitor does not. The monitor doesn't have a tuner it would need help in order to work with an antenna. The help would come in the form of an external digital tuner or a digital-to-analog converter.

Because for creating channal we need voltage at gate if there is no voltage at ate then VGS=0 this mean no amplificatiion can be done.

The transformer should provide 144-0-144 v to have a no-load voltage of 500 v dc in a voltage-doubler using two diodes.

You need a divider that is 10 to 1. You could use 10 megohms in the feedback and 1 megohm in the bottom leg. Since you are probably talking about an operational amplifier, you need this in both legs.

If we discount on/off switching af a carrier (c.w.), for instance as used for the transmission of Morse, then it must be m.c.w. in which an a.m. carrier is keyed on and off.