Gastrointestinal Tract

As well as being partly innervated by the same nerves as the rest of the body, the digestive system also has its own dedicated mini system called the enteric nervous system.

More specifically the innervation of the Stomach is by a few main facets:

Parasympathetic Efferents (outflow) via the Vagus nerve which originates in the brianstem

Sensory Afferents (inflow to the central nervous system) via the Vagus

Sympathetic Efferents from the spinal cord

Sesory Efferents via the spinal cord

To elaboarte on each of these; the Vagal impulses mediate what you could call the 'rest and digest' side of physiological function and increase gastric secretions and motility. On the other hand the parasympathetic efferents do the reverse (Parasympathetic activity via Muscarinic Receptors and Sympathetic Via Adrenergic).

The spinal nerves that particularly supply the (Gastric Plexus) Stomach originate from the Coeliac Plexus and are constituted by the Greater Splanchnic Ganglion and Lesser Splanchnic Ganglion.

These nerves originate from T5-T9 (Greater = T5-9, Lesser = T9-10)

The enteric nervous system refers to intrinsic innervation of the GIT via ganglia just below the mucosa and between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. The sensory role of the submucosal plexus is to control glandular secretion whilst the myenteric plexus senses stretch and contraction of the smooth muscle. Increases in stretch immediately increase secretion via reflex integration of the sumbucosal and myenteric plexi.

The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly undergoing renewal, with the entire lining being replaced approximately every 3-6 days. This rapid turnover is necessary due to the high exposure to potentially damaging substances and mechanical stress in the gut.

Auntonomic efferents from the vagus (X) nerve

The abbreviation for gastrointestinal is GI.

The outer covering of the gastrointestinal tract is formed by the serosa, which is a smooth, slippery membrane composed of connective tissue and epithelial cells. It helps protect and support the organs of the digestive system and allows them to move smoothly within the abdominal cavity.

The large intestine absorbs excess water from chyme as it passes through, helping to form solid waste known as feces. This process is important in maintaining proper electrolyte balance and preventing dehydration in the body.

Gastrointestinal distress can be caused by a variety of factors, such as food intolerances, infections, stress, medications, and underlying health conditions. Symptoms may include bloating, gas, cramping, diarrhea, or constipation. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.

Yes, the organs in the alimentary canal include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. These organs work together to digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste from the body.

The digestive and nervous system relate directly so as to perform various body functions. The digestive system will provide nutrients for the nervous system while the nervous system will coordinate the cells to perform digestion.

Gastrin is a hormone secreted by the stomach which stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid, increase motility, and stomach emptying.

Bacterial infectionas affecting the gastrointestinal tract such as typhoid [salmonella tyhpi], cholera etc. are called gastrointestinal infections. Viral and fungal infections can also take place. The affliction by amoeba [entamoeba hystolytica], flat worms, round worms, pin worms etc. are called gastrointestinl infstations.

During sympathetic discharge, e.g., if you running away from a lion, gastrointestinal motility is suppressed and blood is diverted to muscles. At this point digestion is not a priority - at least not for the prey.

To make poisonous hemlock juice, the plant's leaves and stems are typically crushed or mashed to release the toxic compounds contained within, such as coniine and gamma-coniceine. The extracted liquid is then ingested or applied to achieve its toxic effects, which can include respiratory failure and paralysis. It is important to note that hemlock juice is extremely dangerous and should never be prepared or consumed.

Autistic people see and feel everything differently to neurotypical or allistic people. In terms of sensory experience we can be more sensitive to sound, taste, smell, etc. in many different ways - e.g. soft touch may be uncomfortable for us, or we may find loud noises harder to cope with.

Body temperature is an individual thing. The average body temp for people is 98.6 degrees, but that is only the average. Some people's body temp is 97 degrees and would be feverish at 98.6. The human metabolism will increase and decrease in speed depending on many different things. Could be almost anything, different medications will speed up or slow down metabolism which us humans being endothermic usually maintain a constant temperature usually between 96.4-98.8. 97.4-98.6 being an average for a healthy human all year around (I am attempting to give you a broader range with the #-#). Once you start to hit 99.6, you are considered running a fever for any number of reasons, usually illness or in some cases heat stroke (but heat strokes tend to make you quite a bit hotter, we are talking about your body cooking itself). Temperature might be constantly maintained in endothermic animals by means of using ones own chemical process to keep within temperature parameters for life to function, but still varies of course. Fatigue or simply the sleep response will decrease body temperature, ever have a rough day at work and your muscles hurt so you just want to lay down then sleep? That's because it is the body's way of repairing itself, the sleep response is triggered by a number of things which in turn decreases your body temperature to help settle down for rest. That is only one possible reason which happens quite often for anyone at anytime during the day. Another main possibility is body mass and muscle to fat ratio, the more fat you have on you the warmer you will be, seeing it is extra fuel to be burned and also acts as personal insulation. The bigger you are, the more energy it requires to run you, the more raw material converted into energy in which more heat is produced. Also, the more active you are and the more you challenge your body to do some work and burn that fuel you have stocked up the more heat you will naturally produce as a by-product of simple processes like air to carbon dioxide and fat to carbs/calories to energy (vice versa too[only for the "fat to carbs/calories to energy" though]). Could be something as simple as the temperature that you are relatively used to being in. Someone from Florida that is used to 75-100 degrees in the Autumn goes up to Ohio and complains about it being cold, where as the Ohioan says its nice n warm or slightly nippy at 50-70 degrees. It is estimated that 76 degrees (no wind) is the average comfort level for most Humans(assuming you are not wearing clothing). I cant say that Gender plays an extremely significant role in determining who diffuses body heat at a faster rate. If i had to guess i would say the guy would retain heat better than a woman of the same age and height with average build seeing men tend to be a bit more dense and have a larger torso to retain most of their heat where most metabolism takes place. This is a very very broad question to be answered by us telling you alone. There are about a million different variables can that contribute to body temperature and perception(personal tolerance if you will) of warm and cold. The main influences (I hope iIgot some of the major ones) are the ones I mentioned above that adjust the temperature of a endothermic animal on a larger and more frequent scale than others. At all times your body receives information from sensory input and adjusts you to compensate for the variances in the immediate environment(this should be the biggest one). Example being when in a cold environment your body involuntarily shivers as a precaution to keep you active and warm. Keep in mind that there is alot about the human that we do not understand yet, there are a ton of mechanisms from our ancestors that have been built into us from many years of experiencing the same thing over and over. The unknown could be a reason that influences temperature, I do not know, just throwing out of the box answers as a possible cause. It would be best if you would go to a search engine and look this up, its your best bet on finding a complete explanation to such a large and uncertain question. Sorry for the run on sentences, my English is getting a bit rusty. Someone fix anything in this post soon as they see it and dont like it.

In my mouth and then I clean it and give it bak to u.

Your feces are excreted out of your body via the anus. It leaves your body when you defecate.

Foul-smelling stools can be caused by a variety of factors including dietary choices (such as spicy or high-sulfur foods), gastrointestinal infections, malabsorption disorders (like celiac disease), or conditions that affect digestion (like pancreatitis or liver disease). It is essential to consult a healthcare provider if the smell persists or is accompanied by other symptoms.

Erythematous macules are flat, red patches on the skin that may be caused by various factors such as inflammation, infection, or allergic reaction. They can be a sign of conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis. Treatment typically involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause.

Energy is made from oxygen and glucose, when reacted together. Oxygen enters the body via the respiratory system and glucose enters through the digestive system. These two systems link as they both provide the formulae for energy. When glucose and oxygen are both in the body, the cardiovascular transports it via blood to the place in which it is needed in the body, for example the muscles. This is also links with the digestive and respiratory system as it provides the transportation of the energy.

No. Patient is sedated. Probably the most uncomfortable part is the night before when you have to drink the barium(?) that makes you spend the night on the toilet. You have to clean out your system the night before the test and it can be a long night on the throne. Put me to sleep and wake me when you're done please. It is a really good thing to have this test done as you get older.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter (brain chemical) responsible for feelings of well being and happiness. Serotonin is found in the central nervous system, where it regulates mood, appetite and sleep, and in the gut, where it regulates intestinal movements.

Symptoms of serotonin deficiency include depression, anxiety, irritability, perfectionism, low self esteem, repetitive thoughts and insomnia. Depression that's worse in Winter is due to serotonin deficiency.

Here is a <a href=http://www.gethelpfordepression.info/Tests/SerotoninTest.aspx target="_blank">Serotonin Deficiency Test</a>

The mucosa is the lining of the stomach, and the antrum is part of the stomach. Erythema is redness, and an ulceration is an area in which a layer of skin or lining is missing. So "muscosal inflammation in the antrum with erythema and ulcerations" is stomach ulcers.

no