General and Special Relativity

Strangeness is a number tacked on to hadrons which allows certain decay predictions. To calculate the strangeness of a particle you take the negative of the quantity of the number of strange quarks minus the number of anti strange quarks. If we take a sigma 0 baryon (up+down+strange) we can run the particle through the equation -((1 strange)-(0 anti-strange))=-1. So, a Sigma 0 baryon has -1 strangeness.

The only real significance of this is the fact that we can predict the decay products. High strangeness implies a high likelihood of decaying into a bottomed or charmed hadron.

However, when considering the other quantum numbers there are various other things it implies in quantum flavourdynamics.

Light travels at 186,000 miles per second, which means you have to travel faster than that to break the light barrier. This feat is technically "impossible", since the faster you move, the more mass you have and the more mass you have, the more energy is required to move you, and by the time you reach the speed of light, you will need to have infinite energy. This doesn't apply to light particles, since they have no mass.

The Grandfather paradox has to do with time. Assuming you could travel back in time, if you kill your own grandfather before you were born, you wouldn't be alive to go back in time to kill your grandfather.Thismeans, logically, that time travel, backwards in time,could be impossible.

The "c" in Einstein's theory, specifically in the equation E=mc^2, represents the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 3.00 x 10^8 meters per second.

Atomic theory began to develop in the early 19th century with scientists like John Dalton, and continued to evolve through contributions from scientists like Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford. The theory of relativity was introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, with his Special Theory of Relativity published in 1905 and General Theory of Relativity in 1915.

Special relativity posits that the laws of physics are the same for non-accelerating observers and that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. This theory by Albert Einstein also suggests that time and space are interconnected and can be distorted by gravity.

Relativity theory breaks down at a singularity, such as in a black hole, because the equations of General Relativity give nonsensical results when dealing with infinite density and curvature. At the singularity, the laws of physics as we currently understand them cease to provide meaningful predictions, leading to a breakdown in our ability to describe the physical phenomena occurring there.

The radiation left over from the big bang, known as the cosmic microwave background radiation, has not dissipated to the far ends of the universe because it is constantly expanding and cooling as the universe expands. This radiation is spread uniformly throughout space, and although it has cooled significantly since the big bang, it can still be detected in all directions.

Einstein's special theory of relativity is widely accepted because it has been confirmed by numerous experiments and observations. It accurately predicts phenomena such as time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy, which have been confirmed through experimental evidence. Additionally, the theory has been incorporated into many modern technological applications, further supporting its validity.

Einstein did not DISCOVER E= mc^2

He derived this formula based on other parts of his work. Specifically, he showed that an object that radiates an amount of electromagnetic energy 'E' would lose an amount of mass equal to E/c^2 At the time, this formula was an almost trivial part of 1905 papers.

He did the above while working as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland.

No. Assuming you have a gun that can fire in space, you would travel in the opposite direction, conserving momentum, but because you are more massive than the bullet, your speed in the opposite direction would be less. Momentum is mass*velocity, so your speed should be less than the bullet's by the same factor as the ratio of the bullet's mass to your own. You would also start rotating unless your shot was perfectly aligned with your center of mass.

If that's not convincing, consider what happens if you shoot a bullet straight into the air. Does the earth move in the opposite direction at the same speed?

Einstein's theory of relativity consists of two main parts: special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity deals with how measurements of space and time are affected by motion, while general relativity extends these concepts to include gravity and the curvature of spacetime. Einstein's model has had a significant impact on our understanding of the universe and has been confirmed through numerous experiments.

While antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can effectively treat HIV, they can also cause certain side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. ARVs can also have long-term effects on the body, including increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic complications. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare providers can help manage any potential problems related to ARV treatment.

Cosmic rays are not part of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are high-energy particles, such as protons and atomic nuclei, that travel through space at nearly the speed of light. Unlike electromagnetic waves, which are composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, cosmic rays are actual particles with mass.

I don't know the reason.

A lot of really clever people have used it, but I think it's more or less useless.

I used to like it, before I really thought about it.

The idea is that the ball distorts the rubber sheet just like mass distorts space.

The distortion of space (spacetime to be exact) is the basis of our modern understanding of gravity.

Some people like this analogy until you point out the problems.

Some things are just really hard to explain.

It was simpler with Isaac Newton. He just had no explanation for gravity.

OK, it's only an analogy, but here's one problem:

The rubber sheet is only 2 dimensional, of course.

Here's another problem : The whole analogy is meant to "explain" gravity.

What causes the ball (mass) to distort the sheet (space)?

The ball is pulled towards the Earth by.........gravity.

Yes, but no , well, I mean........

The electromagnetic force is carried by photons and acts between charged particles, such as electrons and protons. It is a long-range force, unlike the weak and strong forces, and it can both attract and repel particles. The electromagnetic force is also distinct from gravity, which is a much weaker force acting over longer distances.

Sources of errors in liquid metal thermometer include inaccurate calibration, improper immersion depth of the sensor in the liquid metal, variations in the composition of the liquid metal affecting its thermal properties, and external factors such as ambient temperature fluctuations or vibrations affecting the reading.

No, the collisions themselves do not make a sound since there is no medium through which the vibrations can travel to produce sound waves. However, the detectors around the collision points can pick up signals that are then converted into data for analysis by scientists.

1. The woman pulls on the crate, but the crate does not move.
2. The woman pulls on the crate and it moves 5m to the right.
3. The woman pulls on the crate and it moves 10m to the right.
4. The woman pulls on the crate and it moves 15m to the right.

So, ranking from least to greatest work done by her force would be 1, 2, 3, 4.

In a black hole, time dilation becomes more extreme the closer you get to the center, known as the singularity. At the singularity, time dilation becomes infinite, meaning that time effectively stops for an outside observer. This occurs due to the massive gravitational pull of the black hole, warping space-time to such an extent that time ceases to flow as we understand it.

Assume one object has twice the mass of another one. Earth will attract it with twice the force. But it will also have twice as much inertia - i.e., it will take twice as much force for the same acceleration.

Any scientific principle is fodder for a science fiction story. Even some of the most mundane facts have been used as a central concept.
For example:
the distances between the planets was the central concept of Fred Saberhagens story 'The Long March',
the laws of momentum were used in Tom Godwin's horrific story 'The Cold Equation'.