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History of the Middle East
Located at the juncture of Asia, Africa and Europe, the Middle East has been one of the centers of ancient civilization. Today it continues its historic significance as it provides much of the world's energy through its oil resources.
5,104 Questions
Which middle east civilization lasted over a thousand years before being conquered?
The Sumerian people of southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) ruled the land from about 4000 BC until about 2000 BC. The Akkadians eventually conquered the Sumerians.
Is israel one of the smallest countries?
Yes, it is the 153rd in size. The great majority of countries smaller than Israel are island-nations.
What was the civilization in southwest Asia that lasted for the longest time?
The civilization in Southwest Asia that lasted for the longest time was that of the
city-states of Sumer
The civilization in Southwest Asia that lasted for the longest time was that of the Persian Empire.
What will be the end result of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?
As this is forecasting, there are different opinions.
Answer 1
Historically, Israel has won all the wars or other military engagements in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but the conflict has not yet been resolved. Additionally, the Qur'an shows that the Jews will be victorious in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Verses 5:20-21 indicate that as long as the people shepherded by Moses (i.e. the Children of Israel) defend the land, they will be victorious, else they will be losers. It is likely that Israel will remain the dominant power in this relationship.
Answer 2
Israel will prevail.
Why did Arabs go to Palestine?
Answer
The Arab Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Levant in 634-638 C.E. The Arabs who led this conquest did so because they could (see "Right to Conquest" below) and they perceived that doing this was their duty as pious Muslims.
However, not many Arabs actually moved to Palestine during the Caliphate period. Egypt and Mesopotamia were far more attractive for those Arabs who wished to leave Arabia, and those who wished to leave Arabia (and abandon what their families had known for generations) were rare anyway. Those who did go usually went in order to perform bureaucratic or government functions. During the period of Arab Caliphates, non-Arab peoples in Palestine, such as Phoenicians, Canaanites, Samaritans, etc. began to convert to Islam and consider themselves Levantine Arabs. In this way, the Arabs did not move to Palestine en masse, but the masses in Palestine chose to become Arabs.
More recently, during the late 1800s in Ottoman Palestine up through the British Mandate period, the increasing immigration of Zionist Jews led to increasing number of nascent business, improved hygiene, and increased carrying capacity of Palestine. This drew in Levantine Arabs from surrounding areas as well as permitting the indigenous population to multiply.
Discussion on "Right to Conquest"
Historically, there was the "Right to Conquest" which was a pervasive idea in political thought. The idea was that it was natural for any country or state to grow and control more territory as it grew stronger. This allowed weaker states to dissolve in place of ones that were better run, a bureaucratic version of "survival of the fittest". The "Right to Conquest" prevailed as the dominant theory of nation-building until the mid-1800s when people started bringing up the concept of self-sovereignty and ethnic nationalism, which held the idea that people should govern themselves even if they are not the most powerful in the world. This view of state sovereignty has become dominant today and the Right to Conquest is seen as incorrect.
Since the Caliphates existed well within the Right to Conquest Period, the Caliphs did not have to assert a reason to conquer neighboring territories in Southwest Asia. It was their natural prerogative
What group did not fight against the State of Israel in the Six Day War?
The list is long and diverse. It includes all of the following and, believe it or not,
also many more others as well:
- National Rifle Association (NRA)
- Federated States of Micronesia
- American Automobile Association (AAA)
- National Society of Professional Engineers
- AFL/CIO
- Trinidad and Tobago
- American Jewish Congress (AJC)
- Farmers Insurance Group
- Airline Pilots' Association
- American Radio Relay League (ARRL)
- National Basketball Association (NBA)
- Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
- McClatchy Group
- Tribune Group
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- Orthodox Union (OU)
- Chicago Public School (CPS
- The Marshall Islands
- Svalbard and Jan Mayen
- Boy Scouts of America
- AARP
- The Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
- League of Nations
- ACLU
- DAR
- GOP
- NLRB
- IAEA
- FCC
- VFW
- National Society of Professional Engineers (I'm quite well aware that this item is a repeat on the list. The NSPE, of which this contributor is a proud former member, to its credit ... possibly due to this contributor's influence, I don't know ... has the distinction that it has not fought against the State of Israel twice.)
- Grand Army of the Confederacy
- International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- American Petroleum Institute (API)
- Amoco Production Company
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- IBEW (especially Local 110)
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
- Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
- Jewish Telegraphic Agency
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- Intel Corporation
Why do the Israelis and the Palestinians both want the Gaza Strip?
The Israelis believe it is rightfully theirs according to the Biblical land of Israel, but the UN-recognized border goes outside it, so the Palestinians want to have it as their own nation.
The previous opinion is incorrect. Israelis do not actually want the Gaza Strip, specifically because it is NOT part of the Biblical Land of Israel (Gaza is recognized to be part of the Philistine State in Biblical Times). The reason that there is conflict in Gaza is that Israel believes that the regime in Gaza is hard-set on the destruction of Israel. Palestinians do want the Gaza Strip, as explained by the previous opinion, so that they can have their own country.
What is the Taliban's main goal?
The taliban want to destroy non-Muslims, so the world can be full of Muslims, although that won't resolve things because it could cause arguments between Muslims themselves. Therefore, they think they're doing the right thing but they are just crazy lunatics with nothing to fight for(in the long run).they are trying to get the weapons from Afghanistan.
you just have to remember not to hate Muslims cause these are not normal people. the taliban are Muslim extremists. not normal Muslims who just want peace.
Why did Israel invade Lebanon from 1981-1982?
Several Lebanese militant groups, such as the PLO, began to fire rockets into Northern Israel in 1981 and 1982. Israel finally responded by entering the Lebanese Civil War which was going on concurrently with the aim of removing such militant groups from Lebanon.
Why is the Arab-Israeli Conflict difficult to solve?
Answer 1
The problem is that both sides have legitimacy in certain claims and extremists who would rather derail the process of negotiations than not get everything in their wishlists. The Israelis and the Palestinians who truly want to live together in peace respecting each others' Rights to Exist have had to consistently those who would rather stir up antagonism and hatred on both sides.
Arab Answer
Simply, because of the Arab lands occupied by the Israelis. The Arabs, through the Arab League made the initiative that Israelis withdraw from the Arab lands occupied in war 1967 and all the Arab States start political, economic and diplomatic relations with Israel. However, the Israelis ignored the initiative completely.
Israeli Answer
The above answer is disingenuous about what the Arab League Initiative represents and while it does say that all Arab nations will have peaceful and diplomatic relations with the State of Israel at its conclusion, the Initiative does not provide for major Israeli concerns. The foremost of these concerns is that not every Palestinian can live in the Jewish State of Israel. Doing this would remove its Jewish Character and make Israel a de facto Arab State. This is a non-starter. The Arabs are to be commended for making a great compromise, but they refused to negotiate any terms in the Saudi Peace Initiative and made it a "take it or leave it" deal. This inability of the Arabs to seriously mind Israeli concerns and be open to a full negotiation is the reason why the Initiative failed, not an unwillingness of the Israelis to accept peace.
However, the Arabs are not the only ones furthering the conflict. The Israeli government currently is belligerent and encourages settlements in East Jerusalem and the West Bank, hampering the peace process. On the flip side, Gaza is run by the Militant Terrorist Organization Hamas which constantly attacks Israel and is not interested in fruitful negotiations. Both sides are at fault for the current rounds of fighting, but the bottom line is that at the end of the day, most Israelis and Palestinians in the former British Mandate of Palestine realize that a Two-State Solution is the only one that is viable. It is Jews and Arabs outside of this area who still demand total victory for their side.
Answer 3
Religion. Jews and Muslims don't like each other.
Answer 4
Many years ago the region of Palestine had Jews, Christians, and Muslims with relatively minimal violence.
Lots of Jews in other countries were being pushed out because people were jealous of their wealth or just wanted their farms, so certain politicians and rulers who believed that the bible was true decided to allow some of the Jews to live in Palestine.
Those who arrived in Palestine decided that, as this was their home, more Jews should live there.
In 1948 the politicians in other countries agreed to split Palestine into separate areas for Jews and Palestinians, this started a war between the Palestinians and the Jews which the Jews won.
Ever since that time the Jews, (Israelis), have been pushing out the Palestinians, (mostly Muslims), from their land and the other Muslim states have been helping the Palestinians.
Additional Information
There are many additional reasons. Please see the Related Question to read about the Causes of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, many of which have not yet been resolved.
Who was the son of Noah whom Abraham and Jews and Arabs are said to have descended?
The immediate descendants of Shem can be found in Genesis 10:21-31 and Genesis 11. Chapter 11 makes the connection between Shem's descendants and Abraham.
Also, according to book of Luke chapter 3 in New Testament you can trace King David's line through Noah's son Shem.
Iran used to be known as Persia. it was once known as Flock of seagulls
Why is Mesopotamia called the fertile crescent?
Actually, Mesopotamia is only the eastern part of the Fertile crescent. The western part included Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine. It is called the fertile crescent because it is a fertile area in the surrounding desert and mountains, and it is shaped in a crescent. It was given the name Fertile Crescent by archaeologist and historian James Henry Breasted in 1906.
Its fertility is because of the Tigris, Euphrates, and Jordan Rivers and their tributaries. Unfortunately much of it lost its fertility over a thousand years ago due to salt buildup in the soil from improper irrigation methods.
Mesopotamia is shaped like a crescent and the land was very fertile due to irrigation.
Mesopotamia is a crescent-shaped territory and has an area surrounded by two rivers namely Tigris and Euphrates River. Soil, a porous matter, absorbs water. The soil constantly absorbs water from the bodies of water surrounding it, thus, making Mesopotamia both fertile and crescent-like, Fertile Crescent.
because its near the water and it made all the soil fertile and it sort of looks like a crescent
because it was near water and a good area to grow crops(: It was also shaped like a crescent.
Ancient Mesopotamia was a fertile place in an area that was largely desert, and it was roughly in the shape of a crescent.
Is Palestine a country or city?
The Palestinian Authority, which de jure governs parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (de facto it does not govern the Gaza Strip) has non-member status in the UN, has difficulty collecting taxes, and cannot raise a sanctioned defense force. On the flip side, it maintains police and fire departments, sets taxes, builds and maintains schools and roads, engages in international diplomacy, and exports its people's products abroad.
Thus the PA is a quasi-nation.
What time did the Arab traders impact that trade had on the economies of Arab people and empires?
by not enough money barbarian barbarians stole their trade
What are facts about Abraham the founder of Judaism?
When God promised Abraham a son he was 75 years old. His son was finally born when he was 100 years old.
- Answer 2
The Kuzari (Rabbi Judah HaLevi, 1075-1141) states that Abraham was gifted with high intelligence; and, as Maimonides (1135-1204) describes, Abraham didn't blindly accept the ubiquitous idolatry. The whole populace had been duped, but the young Abraham contemplated the matter relentlessly, finally arriving at the conclusion that there is One God and that this should be taught to others as well. This is what is meant by his "calling out in the name of the Lord" (Genesis ch.12). As a young man, he remonstrated with passersby in public, demonstrating to them the falsehood of their idols; and our tradition tells how he was threatened and endangered by Nimrod.
Subsequently, Terah relocated to Harran; and it is here that Abraham began to develop a circle of disciples (Rashi commentary, on Genesis 12:5). Later, God told Abraham in prophecy to move to the Holy Land, which is where he raised his family. He continued his contemplations, eventually arriving at the attitudes and forms of behavior which God later incorporated into the Torah given to Moses.
Moses achieved the highest level of prophecy (Deuteronomy ch.34) and was called upon by God (Exodus ch.3). He brought the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery (Exodus ch.12). He received the Torah from God (Exodus 24:12) and later recorded it in writing (Deuteronomy 31:24). He went up on Mount Sinai for 40 days and nights (Deuteronomy ch.9-10) and brought down the Two Stone Tablets with the Ten Commandments (Exodus 31:18). He brought the Israelites into the covenant with God (Exodus ch.19 and ch.24), and he oversaw the building of the Tabernacle (Exodus ch.35-40). He was the humblest of men and the greatest of prophets (Numbers ch.12).
Some rebels from the great revolt in 135 C.E. against the Romans fled there. The Romans started beseiging them. Because of the inaccesablity of Massada, the Romans started to build a ramp to get to the fortress. When the ramp got up to the top and they saw that the Romans were about to enter the fortress, the defenders decided to commit suicide rather than be captured. Each man went and killed his family so that his family would not be captured and sold into slavery; then all the men cast a lottery. The man whose lot came up killed all the rest of his companions and then fell on his own sword. All this is known because two woman and a couple of children hid in a cistern in the fortress and told Josephus Flavius the famous Jewish historian. The pottery shards were found from the lottery with the men's names on them just recently. The archeological evidence proves that what the women told was accurate.
Why did the Arabs introduce Islam?
Islam religion was not introduced by Arabs. It is God religion introduced by God since start of universe creation and even before.
Islam is an Arabic word that means submission and surrender to God (as the one and only one God). Accordingly:
if you mean Islam in its general sense, then Islam began by the universe creation where all God creatures were created under their submission (Islam) to God. Upon start of mankind, they are taught through God prophets to be on full submission (Islam) to God. Islam is then introduced through the period from universe creation until prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) death in year 632 AD.
All prophet missions; including Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, was to hold submission (Islam) to the one and only one God, the Creator, with no partner, no son, no father, no companion, no associate, and no resemblance (defined as monotheism).
In this sense:
- Islam per God revelation of Torah to Moses is called Judaism.
- Islam per God revelation of the bible to Jesus is called Christianity.
- Islam per God revelation of Quran to Muhammad is called the very name Islam.
If you mean Islam religion per God revelation of Quran to prophet Muhammad, then it was founded by the start of Quran revelation by God to prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel (Jibril) in Mecca (or Makkah; currently in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) in year 610 AD. Quran revelation continued also when the prophet (peace be upon him) migrated to Medina (also in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) until prophet death in year 632 AD. So, Islam continued from year 610 AD through year 632 Ad (year of prophet Muhammad death). The core Islam message is to worship only One God (The Creator) with no partner, no son, no companion, and no associate. Prophet Mohammad came to re-institute, the religion of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus.
Why did Pharaoh want to kill all israeli baby boys?
Pharaoh was worried that the Hebrews were becoming too numerous and strong for him and his army to control and that if this continued to happen that eventually, they would join with other enemies of Egypt and challenge Pharaoh's army. To prevent this, he forced the Hebrews into labor hoping that it would break their spirit and make them easier to control/deal with. When this didn't work and their population continued to grow and thrive, he sought to prevent a future revolt by having the midwives kill all the baby boys born to Hebrew women. This also did not work because many of the Hebrew women delivered on their own without the help of a midwife. So to ensure that all the baby boys would be killed anyway, the Pharaoh ordered that they all be thrown into the river.
What town did Mohammed flee to in 622 CE?
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) left the town of Makkah (or Mecca) in year 622 AD to AlMadinah (or Medina). Both towns are in the current Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) didn't flee from Mecca to Medina. He just followed the command of Allah (or God and same God worshiped by Christians and Jews) to him to leave Makkah (or Mecca) to Al-Madinah (or Medina) to continue the call for Islam religion from there especially that people of Medina invited him and welcomed him there. He was informed by Allah (or God) that the unbelievers of the tribes of Makkah (or Mecca) planned to assassinate him. On the planned night of assassination, he was instructed by God to leave Mecca for Medina.
Who lived and worked at the ziggurat?
No one, it is thought that the highest level was for a shrine to the local god.
It is estimated that around 3.7 million Arabs live in the United States as of 2021. This population includes individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries in the Middle East and North Africa.
