Advantages of laser technology?
you can kill people with lasers that could be good or bad and theres lots of more but icba
What is the meaning of EXIM Policy?
The EXIM Policy is the Export-Import policies regulating international commerce in India. See the link below for the complete manual of EXIM policies and regulations.
Advantages of bilateral trade?
a nation should produce and sell goods to other countries that it produces most efficiently and buy goods produced more efficiently by other countries
What is the status of the Philippine trade industry?
The Philippine trade industry has slowed down because of the global financial crisis.
These charts try to give a visual picture of all the various stages and tasks involved in projects.Imagine you need to buy a new computer and have it installed in your offfice within 10 days.Using graph paper,you could list all tasks involved down the left hand column,across the top row you list the ten days duration,as follows: .....................................DAY1.......2........ 3......... 4 ............5 ...........6............. TASKS research options.................xxxxxx select best buy...................................... xx place order............................................ xx hire technician for installation ...........................xx This gives a rough idea of the steps involved,their sequence,timescales etc to clarify a complex process.
What is meaning Payment by MT 103-23 shipment by shipment?
MT-103 FORMAT FIELD23
This is an extract from the official SWIFT User Handbook. The field specifications for Field 23 (23B: Bank Operation Code / 23E: Instruction Code) are shown hereunder:
Field 23B: Bank Operation Code
FORMAT
Option B 4!c (Type)
PRESENCE
Mandatory
DEFINITION
This field identifies the type of operation.
CODES
One of the following codes must be used (Error code(s): T36):
CRED This message contains a credit transfer where there is no SWIFT Service Level involved.
CRTS This message contains a credit transfer for test purposes.
SPAY This message contains a credit transfer to be processed according to the SWIFTPay Service Level.
SPRI This message contains a credit transfer to be processed according to the Priority Service Level.
SSTD This message contains a credit transfer to be processed according to the Standard Service Level.
USAGE RULES
The code CRTS should not be used on the FIN network.
EXAMPLE
:23B:SPAY
Field 23E: Instruction Code
FORMAT
Option E 4!c[/30x] (Instruction)(Additional Information)
PRESENCE
Conditional (see rule C3)
DEFINITION
This field specifies an instruction.
CODES
Instruction must contain one of the following codes (Error code(s): T47):
SDVA Payment must be executed with same day value to the beneficiary.
INTC The payment is an intra-company payment, that is, a payment between two companies belonging to the same group.
REPA Payment has a related e-Payments reference.
CORT Payment is made in settlement of a trade, for example, foreign exchange deal, securities transaction.
HOLD Beneficiary customer/claimant will call; pay upon identification.
CHQB Pay beneficiary customer only by cheque. The optional account number line in field 59 must not be used.
PHOB Please advise/contact beneficiary/claimant by phone.
TELB Please advise/contact beneficiary/claimant by the most efficient means of telecommunication.
PHON Please advise account with institution by phone.
TELE Please advise account with institution by the most efficient means of telecommunication.
PHOI Please advise the intermediary institution by phone.
TELI Please advise the intermediary institution by the most efficient means of telecommunication.
NETWORK VALIDATED RULES
Additional Information is only allowed when Instruction Code consists of one of the following codes: PHON, PHOB, PHOI, TELE, TELB, TELI, HOLD or REPA (Error code(s): D97).
If this field is repeated, the codes must appear in the following order (Error code(s): D98):
SDVA
INTC
REPA
CORT
HOLD
CHQB
PHOB
TELB
PHON
TELE
PHOI
TELI
When this field is used more than once, the following combinations are not allowed (Error code(s): D67):
SDVA with HOLD
SDVA with CHQB
INTC with HOLD
INTC with CHQB
REPA with HOLD
REPA with CHQB
REPA with CORT
CORT with HOLD
CORT with CHQB
HOLD with CHQB
PHOB with TELB
PHON with TELE
PHOI with TELI
If this field is repeated, the same code word must not be present more than once (Error code(s): E46).
USAGE RULES
This field may be repeated to give several coded instructions to one or more parties.
Code REPA indicates that the payment is the result of an initiation performed via an e-payments product between the customers. This code is intended for the beneficiary's bank who should act according to the specifications of the e-payments product.
EXAMPLE
:23E:CHQB
:23E:TELI/3226553478
What are the different pricing methods in international marketing?
Bid Pricing
Cost Plus Pricing
Customary Pricing
Differential Pricing
Diversionary Pricing
Dumping Pricing
Experience Curve Pricing
Loss Leader Pricing
Market Pricing
Predatory Pricing
Prestige Pricing
Professional Pricing
Promotional Pricing
Single Price for all
Special Event Pricing
Target Pricing
Does marketing create or satisfy needs on disagreement?
AS a marketer company can not create people needs because needs are the state of felt deprivation but it can identify customer needs and create value for them.
for further detailed: alam6699@yahoo.com
The Diamond - Four Determinants of National Competitive Advantage * Four attributes of a nation comprise Porter's "Diamond" of national advantage. They are: # factor conditions (i.e. the nation's position in factors of production, such as skilled labour and infrastructure), # demand conditions (i.e. sophisticated customers in home market), # related and supporting industries, and # firm strategy, structure and rivalry (i.e. conditions for organization of companies, and the nature of domestic rivalry).
# Factor Conditions * Factor conditions refers to inputs used as factors of production - such as labour, land, natural resources, capital and infrastructure. This sounds similar to standard economic theory, but Porter argues that the "key" factors of production (or specialized factors) are created, not inherited. Specialized factors of production are skilled labour, capital and infrastructure. * "Non-key" factors or general use factors, such as unskilled labour and raw materials, can be obtained by any company and, hence, do not generate sustained competitive advantage. However, specialized factors involve heavy, sustained investment. They are more difficult to duplicate. This leads to a competitive advantage, because if other firms cannot easily duplicate these factors, they are valuable. * Porter argues that a lack of resources often actually helps countries to become competitive (call it selected factor disadvantage). Abundance generates waste and scarcity generates an innovative mindset. Such countries are forced to innovate to overcome their problem of scarce resources. How true is this? # Switzerland was the first country to experience labour shortages. They abandoned labour-intensive watches and concentrated on innovative/high-end watches. # Japan has high priced land and so its factory space is at a premium. This lead to just-in-time inventory techniques (Japanese firms can't have a lot of stock taking up space, so to cope with the potential of not have goods around when they need it, they innovated traditional inventory techniques). # Sweden has a short building season and high construction costs. These two things combined created a need for pre-fabricated houses.
b. Demand Conditions
* Porter argues that a sophisticated domestic market is an important element to producing competitiveness. Firms that face a sophisticated domestic market are likely to sell superior products because the market demands high quality and a close proximity to such consumers enables the firm to better understand the needs and desires of the customers (this same argument can be used to explain the first stage of the IPLC theory when a product is just initially being developed and after it has been perfected, it doesn't have to be so close to the discriminating consumers). * If the nation's discriminating values spread to other countries, then the local firms will be competitive in the global market. * One example is the French wine industry. The French are sophisticated wine consumers. These consumers force and help French wineries to produce high quality wines. Can you think of other examples? Or counter-examples? c. Related and Supporting Industries
* Porter also argues that a set of strong related and supporting industries is important to the competitiveness of firms. This includes suppliers and related industries. This usually occurs at a regional level as opposed to a national level. Examples include Silicon valley in the U.S., Detroit (for the auto industry) and Italy (leather-shoes-other leather goods industry). * The phenomenon of competitors (and upstream and/or downstream industries) locating in the same area is known as clustering or agglomeration. What are the advantages and disadvantages of locating within a cluster? Some advantages to locating close to your rivals may be # potential technology knowledge spillovers, # an association of a region on the part of consumers with a product and high quality and therefore some market power, or # an association of a region on the part of applicable labour force.
* Some disadvantages to locating close to your rivals are # potential poaching of your employees by rival companies and # obvious increase in competition possibly decreasing mark-ups.
Difference between domestic housekeeping and institutional housekeeping?
Domestic housekeeping is housekeeping work done in the house where one lives. The work is not paid, but has the benefit of one's living space being more tolerable to be in and less messy.
Institutional housekeeping is cleaning work done for pay in a place where the cleaner does not live. Institutional housekeeping would be done at a place like a hotel or hospital.
What is international business method?
It is a patent law that reviews, addresses, and compares appropriate and applicable domestic business practices executed by companies within the United States versus those executed by foreign companies. It appears to concern itself with both similarities and differences between the two.
It is logical to build an information system in accordance with the organization's hierarchy as it is necessary to support each level of employee within the organization with their particular function and needs. An Office automatic system (OAS) generally supports the clerical staff and mid-management in software and desktop publishing, electronic calendars, e-mail and voicemail in the use of daily needs. These functional area information systems assist managers with reporting. The Business Intelligence system (BI systems) provides computer-based support for data analysis. Expert systems (ESs) support knowledge workers in organizations by helping them make decisions with the knowledge of a human expert available to them in a software package. Dashboards are then used by the managers of the organization to provide statistical data and information.
Once the hierarchy is formed, systems like the above are established for each level. These systems then enable the managers and employees to perform their jobs effectively and contribute to the organization's goals and bottom line.
What are the functions of project planning?
A project plan should contain the goal and objectives and the steps to achieve them. The main function of project planning is to ensure success and save time.
Modes of entry into international business?
One can enter into international business through exporting, licensing and merchandising or through some special modes such as contract manufacturing, turnkey projects. One can also enter through foreign direct investments with and without alliances.
What are the social issues of e-commerce?
myself chandan neenu gving the ans. je saanu aanda hunda te tenu kaun tang krda
Why do you think traditional payment systems are inadequate for e-commerce?
What are the disadvantages of economic integration in international trade?
Before I answer this question, I want to pose another question. What will happen when the growth of a nation's economy cannot be independent? On a globalization background today, the hidden part of high efficiency of economy is risk. Economic integration can be considered as one form of globalization. It makes a nation's government less intervene in market economy. It seem everything depending on market.
And this market is just like a moving chain, when two are disconnected, the whole cannot work. This is the starting point of economic problems in economic integration, and even in globalization.